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I READING BETWEEN the LINES: THREE READING BETWEEN THE LINES: THREE INVESTIGATIONS OF USER GENERATED CONTENT USING TEXT ANALYTICS ________________________________________________________________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board ________________________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ________________________________________________________________________ by Ni (Nina) Huang May 2017 Examining Committee Members: Susan Mudambi, Advisory Chair, Marketing & Supply Chain Management Department Paul Pavlou, Examining Chair, Management Information Systems Department Gordon Burtch, Information & Decision Sciences Department, University of Minnesota Nathan Fong, Marketing & Supply Chain Management Department Eric Eisenstein, Marketing & Supply Chain Management Department Hilal Atasoy, External Examiner, Accounting Department i © Copyright 2017 by Journal of Consumer Psychology MIS Quarterly Ni (Nina) Huang ii ABSTRACT User generated content (UGC) is a ubiquitous phenomenon on the Internet. UGC inform, entertain, and facilitate conversations among online users. The three essays of this dissertation examine different antecedents of UGC characteristics with text analytics. The first essay explored the effects of psychological distance on UGC positivity and found that spatial and temporal distance boost UGC positivity. The second essay investigates the effects of social media integration on the linguistic characteristic of UGC and showed that social media integration leads to increased review quantity, while more emotional, less rational and less negative language in UGC content. The third essay examines the impact of book-to-film adaptation on the rating and linguistic characteristics of UGC. The results suggest that, after the release of book-to-film adaptations, book ratings decline, and the use of language reflecting viewing, comparison and affective processes increase in book reviews. To summarize, the three essays in this dissertation contributes to research on UGC by improving our understanding on the various antecedents of UGC characteristics. iii DEDICATION My sincere gratitude goes to my dissertation advisory chair Professor Susan Mudambi and examining chair Professor Paul Pavlou for their continuous support of my Ph.D. study. I also thank my dissertation committee members: Professor Gordon Burtch, Professor Nathan Fong, Professor Eric Eisenstein, and Professor Hilal Atasoy for their insightful comments and constructive suggestions. Lastly, I dedicate this dissertation to my loving family: my husband Yili (Kevin) Hong and my son Evan N. Hong. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................iii DEDICATION....................................................................................................................iv LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................................................vii LIST OF FIGURES.............................................................................................................x CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................1 2. ESSAY ONE: EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTANCES ON CONSTRUAL AND CONSUMER EVALUATION: A FIELD STUDY OF ONLINE REVIEWS............................................................................................................................5 3. ESSAY TWO: SOCIAL NETWORK INTEGRATION AND USER CONTENT GENERATION: EVIDENCE FROM NATURAL EXPERIMENTS...............................31 4: ESSAY THREE: HOW BOOK-TO-FILM ADAPTATION AFFECTS USER CONTENT GENERATION..............................................................................................74 5. CONCLUSIONS.........................................................................................................117 BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................121 APPENDICES A. METHODOLOGICAL DETAILS APPENDIX.........................................................140 v B. ASSESSING PRE-TREATMENT TRENDS USING A RELATIVE TIME MODEL...........................................................................................................................147 C. SEPARATE DID ANALYSES...................................................................................150 D. PEMISSION LETTERS FOR INCLUSION OF COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL.....155 vi LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Control variables..........................................................................................................17 2. Results for rating favorability......................................................................................20 3. Descriptive statistics for content analysis....................................................................25 4. Mediation analysis results............................................................................................26 5. Sample Words in LIWC’s Dictionaries.......................................................................52 6. Examples of Review Text............................................................................................53 7. Descriptive Statistics....................................................................................................54 8. Correlation Matrix.......................................................................................................54 9. Effect of Social Network Integration on Review Volume...........................................60 10. Affective and Cognitive Processes..............................................................................62 11. Positive and Negative Affective Processes..................................................................63 12. Effect of Social Network Integration on Negation......................................................64 13. Effect of Social Network Integration on Within User Review Volume and Language Characteristics..............................................................................................................66 14. Effects of Continuous User Tenure on Review Language Characteristics..............................................................................................................67 15. Effects of Binary User Tenure on Review Language Characteristics..............................................................................................................67 16. Falsification Tests........................................................................................................68 17. List of Book-Movie Pairings.......................................................................................86 18. Linguistic Characteristics and Examples.....................................................................92 vii 19. Variables and Definitions............................................................................................94 20. Descriptive Statistics....................................................................................................95 21. Correlation Matrix.......................................................................................................96 22. Effect of Book-to-film Adaptation on Star Rating......................................................99 23. Effects of Book-to-film Adaptation on Viewing.......................................................100 24. Effects of Book-to-film Adaptation on Comparative Language................................101 25. Effects of Book-to-film Adaptation on Affective Processes.....................................102 26. Placebo Tests.............................................................................................................103 27. Falsification Tests......................................................................................................104 28. Effects of Rating & Linguistic Characteristics on Review Helpfulness....................107 29. Interaction Effects: Book and Movie Rating Difference...........................................110 30. Interaction Effects: Movie Age-rating.......................................................................111 31. Interaction Effects: Book Classification....................................................................112 32. Descriptive statistics..................................................................................................140 33. Propensity score matching.........................................................................................145 34. Exact covariate matching...........................................................................................146 35. TripAdvisor DID Volume Effect...............................................................................151 36. Yelp DID Volume Effect...........................................................................................151 37. TripAdvisor DID Affective and Cognitive Processes...............................................152 38. TripAdvisor DID Positive and Negative Affective Processes...................................152 39. Yelp DID Affective and Cognitive Processes...........................................................153 40. Yelp DID Positive and Negative Affective Processes...............................................153 41. TripAdvisor DID Inhibition Effect............................................................................154
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