Mark Scheme J411/31 Viking Expansion, C.750-C.1050
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Handbook for International Programs at the Danish School of Media and Journalism, Copenhagen Campus
October 14 Handbook for International Programs at the Danish School of Media and Journalism, Copenhagen Campus 1 WELCOME TO DANISH SCHOOL OF MEDIA AND JOURNALISM 4 THE INDUSTRY SEAL OF APPROVAL 4 OTHER ACTIVITIES 4 THE COURSES 4 ATTENDANCE AND GRADING 4 ATTENDANCE IS MANDATORY 4 GRADING 4 COMPARATIVE TABLE OF GRADING SYSTEMS 5 AT DMJX 5 COMPUTERS AND E-MAIL 5 PHOTOCOPIERS 6 LIBRARY 6 CLASS ROOMS 6 DANISH LANGUAGE COURSE 6 TEACH YOURSELF DANISH - ONLINE 6 THINGS TO DO BEFORE ARRIVAL IN DENMARK 6 GRANTS AND SCHOLARSHIPS 6 INSURANCE 7 ACCOMMODATION IN COPENHAGEN 7 OFFICIAL PAPERS 8 RESIDENCE PERMIT 8 EMBASSIES 8 CIVIL PERSONAL REGISTRATION NUMBER 8 HOW TO APPLY FOR A CPR NUMBER 8 CHANGE OF ADDRESS 8 PRACTICALITIES 9 MOBILE PHONES 9 BANKS AND CREDIT CARDS 9 SENDING PARCELS TO DENMARK 9 TRANSPORT IN DENMARK 9 BUDGET & FINANCES 9 TAXATION 10 OTHER INFORMATION 10 PACKING YOUR SUITCASE 10 OTHER USEFUL THINGS: 10 JOB VACANCIES 11 2 NICE TO KNOW 11 FACTS ABOUT DENMARK 11 FRIENDS AND FAMILY DROPPING IN? 15 USEFUL LINKS FOR INFORMATION ABOUT DENMARK & COPENHAGEN 15 WEATHER 15 3 Welcome to Danish School of Media and Journalism A warm welcome to the Danish School of Media and Journalism (DMJX) and a new environment that hopefully will give you both professional and social challenges over the next semester. Our goal is to give you the best basis for both a professional and a social development. The industry seal of approval All programmes are very vocational and built on tasks which closely reflect the real world. -
King's Rune Stones
29 Minoru Ozawa King’s Rune Stones A Catalogue with Some Remarks Minoru OZAWA For those who are interested in Danish history the Jelling dynasty from the second half of the 10th century to 1042 has had a special meaning. The successive 6 kings, i.e. Gorm the Old (–958), Harald Bluetooth (–987), Swein Forkbeard (–1014), Harald (–1018), Canute the Great (–1035), and Hardecnut (–1042), transformed a small Danish kingdom into one of the most influential states in Northern Europe in the 11th century.1 After Gorm and Harald made steadier the foundation of the kingdom the following kings expanded their stage of activty westward to gain booty with their army. In 1013 Swein conquered England to take the crown into his hand and, after his sudden death, his son Canute reconquered the kingdom to be the king of England in 1018 and king of Norway later in 1028. At the time the Jelling dynasty reigned over three kingdoms which surrounded the North Sea.2 While it is important to reevaluate the rule of the Jelling dynasty from the viewpoint of European political history, we should remember another important activity by the Danes: raising rune stones in memory of the dead. According to Sawyer’s catalogue, the corpus consisting of 200 rune stones is left to the present days as stones themselves or drawings in early modern age in the territory of medieval 1 Concerning the basic information of the Jelling dynasty, see Thorkild Ramskou, Normannertiden 600–1060. København 1962, pp. 415–; Aksel E. Christensen, Vikingetidens Danmark paa oldhistorisk baggrund. -
Rune Carvers and Sponsor Families on Bornholm
DANISH JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY 2019, VOL 8, 1-21 1 Rune Carvers and Sponsor Families on Bornholm Laila Kitzler Åhfeldt1 and Lisbeth M. Imer2 1 (Corresponding author) Swedish National Heritage Board, PO Box 1114, 621 22 Visby, Sweden ([email protected]) ORCID: 0000-0001-8364-59-52 2 Nationalmuseet, Frederiksholms Kanal 12, 1220 København K, Denmark ([email protected]) ORCID: 0000-0003-4895-1916 ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The runestones on Bornholm have for a long time aroused discussion due to their singular Received 09 April 2019; character and dating as compared to most runestones in other parts of Denmark. In this Accepted 12 Sep- paper, the relations between sponsors and rune carvers have been investigated through tember 2019 analysis of the carving technique by means of the first 3D-scanning and multivariate statisti- KEYWORDS cal analysis ever carried out on the Danish runestone material. The results indicate that the Runestone; Bornholm; carvers were attached to the sponsor families and that the carvers were probably members 3D-scanning; Rune of those families. During the fieldwork, a fragment of a previously unknown runestone was carver; Sponsor; documented in the church of St. Knud. Carving technique Introduction identity. A completely different source of evidence will be used here, namely the carving technique, When the runestones of Bornholm were raised, which will be studied by 3D-scanning and multi- the practice of erecting runestones had already de- variate statistical methods, following a method de- creased dramatically in other Danish areas, where veloped at the Archaeological Research Laboratory, the number of runestones had fallen to the same lev- Stockholm University (Kitzler Åhfeldt 2002) and el as before around 965, when the king claimed to further refined in various research projects (e.g. -
Factsheet Denmark History
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark Factsheet Denmark NOVEMBER 2003 HISTORY In 1939, a diplomat observer at the Bri- stated on his runic stone in Jelling, where tish legation in Copenhagen wrote in a the word Denmark appears for the first report on the Danes: ‘A few decades of time. The Jelling stones are often regarded material prosperity and the ministrations as Denmark’s birth certificate. of an over-paternal Government seem to have sapped the spirit of a Viking race Viking Age which can point to 1500 years of vigorous During the Viking Age, c. 800-1100, a and independent history’. strong royal power developed, as is The statement contains the official’s demonstrated for instance by several understanding of Denmark’s history and strategically placed circular fortresses of the Danes’ transformation from hardy, impressive size. free-born Vikings to a soft and docile The period was characterised by the breed. He also indicated why things had frequent Viking expeditions which led to The large Jelling stone set up by Harold I gone wrong: material wealth and an over- the conquest of England for a short peri- Bluetooth (d.987). The stone is decorated with protective Government. od in the 11th century and took the pil- an image of Christ, and the runic incription There is no reason to regard the state- laging Vikings as far away as Ireland, announces that it was Harold who united Den- ment as anything other than a worried Northern France and Russia. mark inti one realm and made the Danes Christians. In the foreground is the small Jelling diplomat’s hasty assessment, but he put The Vikings’ long boats brought rich stone set up by Gorm the Old in memory his finger on two characteristic features of booty back to their native country, but of the queen Thyra. -
King Harald Bluetooth the Techie Viking (Not Really, but Sort Of)
King Harald Bluetooth The Techie Viking (Not really, but sort of) By Intel Free Press via Wikimedia Commons Here’s a fun fact: the technology known as Bluetooth was named after a Viking king named Harald Bluetooth. King Harald’s real last name was Gormsson for he was Gorm’s son and a lot of Viking last names were like that. It was also pretty common for Vikings to give their rulers interesting nicknames that described something about that person, such as Ragnar Shaggy-Breeches, Bjorn Ironside, Ivar the Boneless, and Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye. In Harald’s case, one of his front teeth was rotten and looked blue—hence the nickname Bluetooth. King Harald was a pivotal character in Scandinavian and Viking history. He ruled at the tail end of the Viking age, from about 958CE–986CE. The Viking age lasted for about 300 years, from around 800CE—1050CE and was a time when Vikings were at their peak in terms of worldwide exploration and terrorizing Europe. Vikings invaded many areas of Europe, killing, robbing, killing, burning villages, destroying churches, killing more people, and taking Europeans as slaves. They were fierce warriors and famously merciless. 1 © 2018 Reading Is Fundamental • Content created by Simone Ribke King Harald Bluetooth Interestingly, the Vikings weren’t a unified people, nor were they very good at working together. The Vikings were mostly made up of various warring tribes who attacked each other at least as often as they attacked non-Viking Europeans. Most Vikings lived in a region called Scandinavia, which, today, refers to the countries of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. -
{PDF} the Vicious Vikings Ebook Free Download
THE VICIOUS VIKINGS PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Terry Deary,Martin Brown | 144 pages | 07 May 2007 | Scholastic | 9780439944069 | English | London, United Kingdom CRAFT: The Vicious Vikings - Libregamewiki He was killed in a blood feud, which was a very common practice at the time. After Gunnar Hamundarson killed two members of the same family, the entire clan exacted their revenge, and though Gunnar fought well, he was overwhelmed and subsequently killed. One of the more famous Vikings on this list whose exploits the history books can actually support relatively thoroughly, Harald Hardrada, or Harald Sigurdsson as he was born, began warring at the young age of Ultimately, power of the throne and a longing for his harsher homeland called Harald, and he returned to Norway where he seized the throne. Upon the death of the King of England, Harald saw further opportunity to expand his kingdom and invaded the island, facing a formidable foe also vying for the throne of England; William the Conquerer. Harald Hardrada was killed in battle at Stamford Bridge when an arrow pierced his throat, allowing William to seize England, thus changing the course of history. If anything, you have got to give credit to Viking naming practices. Sweyn Forkbeard rebelled against his father in , killing him and taking the throne of Denmark as his own. From there, England became his primary object of affection, raiding the English coasts for nearly a decade before deciding to turn a little more local when be began raiding rival Norway in As a result of his attacks on Norway, Sweyn Forkbeard killed the King of Norway and divided the country, repressing those Norwegians loyal to the former king. -
King Harald Bluetooth the Techie Viking (Not Really, but Sort Of)
King Harald Bluetooth The Techie Viking (Not really, but sort of) By Intel Free Press via Wikimedia Commons Here’s a fun fact: the technology we know as Bluetooth was named after a Viking king called Harald Bluetooth. King Harald’s real last name was Gormsson for he was Gorm’s son and a lot of Viking last names were like that. It was also pretty common for Vikings to give their rulers interesting nicknames that described something about that person, such as Ragnar Shaggy-Breeches, Bjorn Ironside, Ivar the Boneless, and Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye. In Harald’s case, one of his front teeth was rotten and looked blue— hence the nickname Bluetooth. King Harald was a pivotal character in Scandinavian and Viking history who ruled from about 958CE–986CE, which was at the tail end of the Viking Age. The Viking Age lasted for about 300 years, from around 800CE—1050CE and was a time when Vikings were at their peak in terms of worldwide exploration and European terrorization. Vikings were fierce and famously merciless warriors that invaded many areas of Europe, killing, robbing, killing, burning villages, destroying churches, killing more people, and taking Europeans as slaves. 1 © 2018 Reading Is Fundamental • Content created by Simone Ribke King Harald Bluetooth Interestingly, the Vikings weren’t a unified people, nor were they very good at working together. The Vikings were mostly made up of various warring tribes who attacked each other at least as often as they attacked non-Viking Europeans. Most Vikings lived in a region called Scandinavia, which, today, refers to the countries of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. -
RESEARCH ARTICLE the Danish Runestones – When and Where? Lisbeth M
Danish Journal of Archaeology, 2014 Vol. 3, No. 2, 164–174, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21662282.2015.1104905 RESEARCH ARTICLE The Danish runestones – when and where? Lisbeth M. Imer* The National Museum of Denmark, Frederiksholms Kanal 12, DK – 1220 Copenhagen K, Denmark (Received 6 Febuary 2015; accepted 24 September 2015) This article concerns the dating and distribution of Danish runestones from the eighth to the eleventh centuries. On the basis of both old and more recent investigations, the runestones are divided into five chronological periods each with their own characteristics and according to typological features regarding runes, language, style, and ornament. The majority of Danish runestones were erected within two generations after the conversion around AD 970–1020/25 and probably as a result of the stress and societal changes in connection with the advent of Christianity. The geographical distribution changed dramati- cally during the 400 year long runestone period and was probably due to the changing political situation. In the eighth and ninth centuries, runestones were mainly erected on Fyn, Sjælland, and Skåne. Runestones were almost exclusively erected in Jutland in the tenth century before the conversion and in the decades around the year 1000, runestones were erected in the north-eastern parts of Jutland and along the coast in Skåne. The runestone fashion died out in most parts of Denmark during the eleventh century, although on Bornholm the tradition began in the early eleventh century and came to an end within a few -
Rune Stones Create a Political Landscape
65 Minoru Ozawa Rune Stones Create a Political Landscape Towards a Methodology for the Application of Runology to Scandinavian Political History in the Late Viking Age: Part 21 Minoru OZAWA 4. Differences between rune stones 4.1. Why did the Scandinavians create different sorts of stones? Before proceeding any further in our discussion, it is worth considering two very famous runes stones: the so-called ‘Jelling stones’ (Fig 11), comprising a smaller stone, erected by Gorm the Old (–958), and a larger one, erected by Harald Bluetooth (–987).2 The two stones have in common the fact that they were raised by (successive) Jelling kings, but otherwise there are many differences between them. Consider, for example, the text inscribed upon them. The first, by King Gorm, reads: King Gorm made this monument in memory of his wife Thyre, Denmark’s adornment3 The second stone reads: King Harald commanded this monument to be made in memory of his father Gorm and his mother Thyre. That Harald won the whole of Denmark and 1 This article is the second part of a two part article which began with M. OZAWA, “Rune stones create a political landscape: towards a methodology for the application of runology to Scandinavian political history in the late Viking Age: Part 1”, published in HERSETEC: Journal of Hermeneutic Study and Education of Textual Configuration 1–1 (2007), pp. 43–62. 2 For a general bibliography of Gorm and Harald, see OZAWA, “Rune stones Part 1”, p. 44 n. 24. Recently Klaus Randsborg has published an interesting article about the Jelling dynasty, entitled “King’s Jelling. -
Contextualising the Jelling Rune Stones
In the shadow of the son: contextualising the Jelling rune stones Minoru Ozawa Introduction Today we can see two rune stones in the churchyard of Jelling, near Vejle, a modern city situated in the midst of Jutlandic peninsula in Denmark. The smaller stone was erected by a Danish king, Gorm the Old ( -958), while the larger one was erected by his son and successor, King Harald Bluetooth (-987). These two rune stones are among the most famous of more than 2500 examples of rune stones in all Scandinavia, and are at least among the most impres- sive of all the Danish examples in two ways. One way in which Harald’s stone impresses the onlooker is because of the magnificent images drawn on two faces of the stone: the “Jelling beast” and the crucified Christ. The other reason is that these two stones are among the very few examples that can be testified by their inscriptions to have been raised by kings of the Danes. Historiography has been accumulating on these two Jelling stones since the time of the 16th-century antiquarians Henrik Rantzau, in Holstein, Ole Worm in Denmark and Johannes Bureus in Sweden, amongst others (Jaffé 1937). The 19th century saw the foundation of modern scholarship on the rune stones, and a significant number of scholars emerged who were interested in the Danish Viking Age, including runologists, historians and archaeologists. Such scholars were, and continue to be, interested in expressing their ideas about the Jelling stones in articles and books. The bibliography of scholarship on the Jelling stones, which is accessible on the website of the Danish archaeological periodical Skalk, confirms the breadth and depth of the scholarly interest in the study of the Jelling stones. -
Fairy Tale Denmark
FAIRY TALE DENMARK Day 1: ARRIVE COPENHAGEN Arrive to your hotel in Copenhagen city centre on own. The capital is full of attractions, most of them located within walking distance in the city centre. We recommend a visit to the Tivoli Gardens (not open all year), the Amalienborg Palace, the Christiansborg Palace (Danish Parliament), the Gefion Fountain, the old harbour ‘Nyhavn’, the Little Mermaid, the Round Tower, the museum of Carlsberg or one of the many other museums of art, culture, history and design. Also remember time to enjoy the pedestrian shopping streets of Strøget and surroundings. Accommodation at 3 star+ class hotel in Copenhagen, centrally located Day 2: COPENHAGEN – ODENSE (168KM) Breakfast at the hotel. Pick up rental car in the city centre. Departure from Copenhagen westward through farming countryside and small villages, some of which were founded by Vikings more than a thousand years ago. Upon arrival in Roskilde - until 1417, the capital of Denmark – we recommend a visit to the the twin-spired Roskilde Cathedral. The construction of the cathedral was commenced during the 12th century and additions have been made through the ages, in different architectural styles. The cathedral is the traditional burial place of Danish monarchs and contains more than 40 royal graves. Continue from Roskilde to Halskov from where you will drive over one of the world’s largest suspension bridges constructed off-shore and arrive on the island of Funen. Continue to Odense, Denmark’s third largest city and Hans Christian Andersen’s home town. We recommend a visit to the home he grew up in, the Hans Christian Andersen Home. -
Historical Dictionary of the Vikings
112722 pb cover 11/7/03 3:48 PM Page 1 Holman History • Ancient • General Historical Dictionaries of Ancient Civilizations and Historical Eras, No. 11 Rarely has an era evoked the same sense of adventure as the Viking age. For more than three centuries, small but intrepid bands of Scandinavians used Historical longships to launch lightning raids on their European neighbors to colonize new lands in the east and west and exchange furs for wine, spices, and silver. Dictionary Historical Significant changes also occurred at home, as the local kings extended their power, Norse paganism lost ground to Christianity, and new towns and ports Dictionary thrived as a result of increased contact with the world. And this new world was amazingly vast, stretching over the British Isles, much of continental Europe, into the far reaches of Russia and the Middle East, and to an undetermined extent, even North America. of the There were so many expeditions, under so many leaders, to so many places, and for so many purposes that it is difficult to track events. Moreover, much of the information is shrouded in mystery because few archaeological remains Vikings and even fewer written documents corroborate the sagas. This Historical Dictionary of the Vikings helps fill the void by providing information on major historical figures, important battles and treaties, key works, and archae- ological finds. This dictionary not only presents the big picture, but also examines the everday aspects of how people lived and worked. A chronology, detailed and annotated bibliographies for different themes and geographical locations, and an introduction discussing the major events and developments of the Viking age are also included.