The Mongol Empire in China and the Mongolian Influence on Chinese Language
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The Cartographic Steppe: Mapping Environment and Ethnicity in Japan's Imperial Borderlands
The Cartographic Steppe: Mapping Environment and Ethnicity in Japan's Imperial Borderlands The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Christmas, Sakura. 2016. The Cartographic Steppe: Mapping Environment and Ethnicity in Japan's Imperial Borderlands. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33840708 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Cartographic Steppe: Mapping Environment and Ethnicity in Japan’s Imperial Borderlands A dissertation presented by Sakura Marcelle Christmas to The Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts August 2016 © 2016 Sakura Marcelle Christmas All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Ian Jared Miller Sakura Marcelle Christmas The Cartographic Steppe: Mapping Environment and Ethnicity in Japan’s Imperial Borderlands ABSTRACT This dissertation traces one of the origins of the autonomous region system in the People’s Republic of China to the Japanese imperial project by focusing on Inner Mongolia in the 1930s. Here, Japanese technocrats demarcated the borderlands through categories of ethnicity and livelihood. At the center of this endeavor was the perceived problem of nomadic decline: the loss of the region’s deep history of transhumance to Chinese agricultural expansion and capitalist extraction. -
Discussion on the Early History of the Formation of Beijing Mandarin Wei
2017 3rd International Conference on Education and Social Development (ICESD 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-444-8 Discussion on the Early History of the Formation of Beijing Mandarin Wei-Wei LI College of International Exchange, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China [email protected] Keywords: Beijing Mandarin Area, Early History, Ethnic Fusion, Language Contact. Abstract. Beijing Mandarin is more than a thousand year ago Yan Yan dialect, based on the integration of the Central Plains Han and northern ethnic minority language components gradually formed. Beijing Mandarin before the formal formation of a long period of gestation, revealing the Sui and Tang dynasties before the formation of the Beijing Mandarin area early human history, for the understanding of Beijing Mandarin language situation is very important. Introduction In this article, "Beijing Mandarin area" means including Beijing urban and suburban county, Hebei Chengde area, much of the northeast in addition to Liaodong peninsula, and parts of Chifeng, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, the general area (Lin Tao, 1987; Zhang Shifang, 2010). "From the northeast to Beijing, in history, there are two common characteristics: one is the ethnic group for a long time, and second, the population flow, this kind of situation lasted nearly one thousand years, the development of northeast dialect and Beijing dialect is extremely far-reaching influence."[1] Beijing dialect and northeast dialect in one thousand to influence each other, eventually forming a Beijing mandarin, including large areas of the northeast and Beijing area. The formation of Beijing mandarin has experienced a long historical process, is more than one thousand years ago YouYan dialect, on the basis of constantly fusion of han nationality and composition of gradually formed in the northern minority languages. -
2021 Workshop
2021 WORKSHOP: How did I never notice that your username is Santa Claus and mine is reindeer? Produced by Olivia Murton, Kevin Wang, Wonyoung Jang, Jordan Brownstein, Adam Fine, Will Holub-Moorman, Athena Kern, JinAh Kim, Zachary Knecht, Caroline Mao, Christopher Sims, and Will Grossman Packet 13 Tossups 1. The final manuscript of this collection, known as its “Chigi” (“KEE-jee”) form, is discussed in Ernest Wilkins’s book titled The Making of [this collection]. While at his country home in France, the speaker of this collection laments their “sixteenth year of sighs.” A woman in this collection appears along with Love, Chastity, Death, and Fame in the collection Triumphs. Sections titled (*) “In Life” and “In Death” divide this collection, which ends with a poem addressed to the Virgin Mary. This collection was popularized through translations by the Earl of Surrey and Thomas Wyatt. This collection begins, “You who hear the sound in scattered rhymes,” and is about a woman the author met on Good Friday. For 10 points, name this collection of 366 poems by Petrarch dedicated to Laura (“LAO-rah”). ANSWER: Il Canzoniere [or Songbook] <FW, European Literature> 2. A piece in this genre opens with the low strings playing the recurring theme F-sharp, D, C-sharp, D, B, [pause] low F-sharp, which then modulates up by a third every two measures. Sir Donald Tovey referred to a section of a non-Beethoven piece in this genre as “The Great Bassoon Joke” because it includes dueling bassoons playing a “Fox Song”; that piece concludes with a C major maestoso finale section. -
The Social and Cultural Characteristics of Shanxi Ancient Drama Costumes
Asian Social Science; Vol. 16, No. 3; 2020 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education The Social and Cultural Characteristics of Shanxi Ancient Drama Costumes XiaoMing Yang1 & XiangMin Hu1 1 College of humanities, Donghua University, Shanghai, China Correspondence: XiaoMing Yang. E-mail: [email protected] Received: January 1, 2020 Accepted: January 13, 2020 Online Published: February 27, 2020 doi:10.5539/ass.v16n3p43 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v16n3p43 Abstract The main research subject of this paper is the costume of Shanxi ancient drama, which is used to decorate the role in the form of drama performing art that spread in Ancient Shanxi. Drama costume is a kind of special performance costume which combines decoration, acting and symbolism. It is quite different from the traditional costume in aesthetic and functional aspects. The social and cultural factors that influence the costume of Shanxi ancient drama mainly include the system and rules of Chinese ancient costume, the subtle influence of Buddhist culture and Taoist culture, as well as the profound influence of loyalty culture. Keywords: social and cultural characteristics, dramatic-costums, ancient, Shanxi Shanxi is located to the west of taihang mountain and the east to the Yellow River. Shanxi is the birthplace of human beings, the cradle of Chinese civilization, and one of the cradles of Chinese dramatic art, known as the cradle of drama. According to statistics, there used to be more than 60 kinds of drama art forms in the ancient history of Shanxi, accounting for more than one sixth of the total drama forms in China. -
Genetic Analysis on Tuoba Xianbei Remains Excavated from Qilang Mountain Cemetery in Qahar Right Wing Middle Banner of Inner Mongolia
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector FEBS Letters 580 (2006) 6242–6246 Genetic analysis on Tuoba Xianbei remains excavated from Qilang Mountain Cemetery in Qahar Right Wing Middle Banner of Inner Mongolia Yu Changchuna,b, Xie Lib, Zhang Xiaoleia, Zhou Huia,c,*, Zhu Honga a Ancient DNA Laboratory, Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China b College of Life Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China c College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China Received 17 July 2006; revised 5 October 2006; accepted 12 October 2006 Available online 20 October 2006 Edited by Takashi Gojobori three southward migrations, and finally founded the Northern Abstract Sixteen sequences of the hypervariable segment I (HVS-I, 16039–16398) in mtDNA control region from ancient Wei Dynasty and controlled the northern region of China Tuoba Xianbei remains excavated from Qilang Mountain (386–534 A.D.). By the time of the Tang Dynasty they had Cemetery were analyzed. In which, 13 haplotypes were found largely merged with Han populace. by 25 polymorphic sites. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide At present, the origin of Tuoba Xianbei ethnic group and its diversity were 0.98 and 0.0189, respectively, and the mean of impacts on modern minorities of northern China are not yet nucleotide number differences was 6.25. Haplogroup analysis clear. It will be very helpful for understanding in the origin, indicates these remains mainly belong to haplogroup C formation and development process of northern minorities of (31.25%) and D (43.75%). -
Prohibition of Jiatou Zaju in the Ming Dynasty and the Portrayal
PROHIBITION OF JIATOU ZAJU IN THE MING DYNASTY AND THE PORTRAYAL OF THE EMPEROR ON STAGE Tian Yuan Tan (Chen Tianyuan) INTRODUCTION: THE TERMS JIATOU AND JIATOU ZAJU Portraying the emperor on stage was not at all uncommon in the Yuan dynasty (1260-1368). This can be gathered from the fact that the emperor role, designated by the term jiatou, is one of the cus- tomary role types in Yuan drama.' According to the Qinglouji (The Green Bower Collection), a valuable collection of short biograph- ical notes on performers in the Yuan dynasty compiled around 1364, jiatou is one of the waijiao (extra roles) in zaju besides the fe- male and male lead roles, clan (female) and mo (male): [These extra role types] include the jiatou, the beauty pining in her boudoir, the bawd, the coquettish young girl, the high official, the poor, the brigand, the government servant, and those categories concerning immortals and Taoist deliver- ance, and family matters.'- The term "jiatou" originally referred to the throne of the emperor which an old eunuch would carry in front of the emperor's carriage on an imperial tour of inspection.' Since jiatou was an important insignia of an imperial tour, the modern Chinese scholar Sun Kaidi suggests that the term "jiatou zaju" must therefore involve at least a certain scene of the emperor going out in a carriage, as found in Act Three of both Hangong qiu (Autumn in the Palace of Han) and Tian Yuan Tan, "Prohibition of Jiatou Zaju in the Ming Dynasty and the Portrayal of the Emperor on Stage," MING STUDIES, 49, pp. -
Khitan Large Script Standard Character
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N4631 Date: 2014-09-23 Title: Proposal on Encoding Khitan Large Script in UCS Source: China Action: For consideration by JTC1/SC2/WG2 Abstract This document proposed to encode 2218 Khitan Large Script characters in UCS. The document consists of 5 parts: 1. Introduction of Khitan Large Script 2. Encoding of Khitan Large Script 3. Examples of Contemporary Publications 4. Proposal Summary Form 5. Table of Characters 1. Introduction of Khitan Large Script 1.1 Creation and Application of Khitan Large Script The Khitan was one of the northern nomadic nationalities in ancient China, the descendants of Donghu, one of the branches of Xianbei Yuwen tribe, which rose out of Huang and Tu two rivers, today’s Xarmuren river and Laoha river basin. Before the founding of the Khitan, the Khitans experienced the Babu period, the period of Dahe’s tribal alliance and Yaonianshi tribal alliance during the different stages of development. In 907 AD, Yelü Abaoji (avoid name Yi 億, childhood name Chuolizhi 啜里只), the leader of the Khitan united some other nomadic tribes and established the Great Liao. Yelü Abaoji was respected as Emperor King, and made 916 AD as Shen Ce (神 册)first year and Xilouyi as the capital. The Great Liao co-existed in history first with the Five Dynasties（五代）and then with Northern Song Dynasty（北宋）. At its golden age, the territory of the Great Liao extended west to the Jinshan（金山）and Liusha （流沙）, south to central Hebei（河北）, northern Shanxi（山西）, north to Stanovoy Range（外兴安岭）. -
The Transition of Inner Asian Groups in the Central Plain During the Sixteen Kingdoms Period and Northern Dynasties
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2018 Remaking Chineseness: The Transition Of Inner Asian Groups In The Central Plain During The Sixteen Kingdoms Period And Northern Dynasties Fangyi Cheng University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons, and the Asian Studies Commons Recommended Citation Cheng, Fangyi, "Remaking Chineseness: The Transition Of Inner Asian Groups In The Central Plain During The Sixteen Kingdoms Period And Northern Dynasties" (2018). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2781. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2781 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2781 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Remaking Chineseness: The Transition Of Inner Asian Groups In The Central Plain During The Sixteen Kingdoms Period And Northern Dynasties Abstract This dissertation aims to examine the institutional transitions of the Inner Asian groups in the Central Plain during the Sixteen Kingdoms period and Northern Dynasties. Starting with an examination on the origin and development of Sinicization theory in the West and China, the first major chapter of this dissertation argues the Sinicization theory evolves in the intellectual history of modern times. This chapter, in one hand, offers a different explanation on the origin of the Sinicization theory in both China and the West, and their relationships. In the other hand, it incorporates Sinicization theory into the construction of the historical narrative of Chinese Nationality, and argues the theorization of Sinicization attempted by several scholars in the second half of 20th Century. The second and third major chapters build two case studies regarding the transition of the central and local institutions of the Inner Asian polities in the Central Plain, which are the succession system and the local administrative system. -
Shipwreck Evidence and the Maritime Circulation of Medicine Between Iran and China in the 9Th Through 14Th Centuries
The Abode of Water: Shipwreck Evidence and the Maritime Circulation of Medicine Between Iran and China in the 9th Through 14th Centuries by Amanda Respess A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology and History) in the University of Michigan 2020 Doctoral Committee: Professor Kathryn Babayan, Chair Professor Miranda Brown Assistant Professor Jatin Dua Professor Carla Sinopoli, University of New Mexico Amanda Respess [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4616-701X © Amanda Respess 2020 DEDICATION “...for by reason we have comprehended the manufacture and use of ships, so that we have reached unto distant lands divided from us by the seas; by it we have achieved medicine with its many uses to the body.” - al-Rāzī, The Spiritual Physick of Rhazes, Of the Excellence and Praise of Reason “Whoever has emerged victorious participates to this day in the triumphal procession in which the present rulers step over those who are lying prostrate. According to traditional practice, the spoils are carried along in the procession. They are called cultural treasures, and a historical materialist views them with cautious detachment. For without exception the cultural treasures he surveys have an origin which he cannot contemplate without horror. They owe their existence not only to the efforts of the great minds and talents who have created them, but also to the anonymous toil of their contemporaries.” -Walter Benjamin, On the Concept of History For my family. For Khwāja ʻAlāʼ al-Dīn al-Iṣfahānī, whose gravestone in China gave the title to this work. -
Inner Asian States and Empires: Theories and Synthesis
J Archaeol Res DOI 10.1007/s10814-011-9053-2 Inner Asian States and Empires: Theories and Synthesis J. Daniel Rogers Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC (outside the USA) 2011 Abstract By 200 B.C. a series of expansive polities emerged in Inner Asia that would dominate the history of this region and, at times, a very large portion of Eurasia for the next 2,000 years. The pastoralist polities originating in the steppes have typically been described in world history as ephemeral or derivative of the earlier sedentary agricultural states of China. These polities, however, emerged from local traditions of mobility, multiresource pastoralism, and distributed forms of hierarchy and administrative control that represent important alternative path- ways in the comparative study of early states and empires. The review of evidence from 15 polities illustrates long traditions of political and administrative organi- zation that derive from the steppe, with Bronze Age origins well before 200 B.C. Pastoralist economies from the steppe innovated new forms of political organization and were as capable as those based on agricultural production of supporting the development of complex societies. Keywords Empires Á States Á Inner Asia Á Pastoralism Introduction The early states and empires of Inner Asia played a pivotal role in Eurasian history, with legacies still evident today. Yet, in spite of more than 100 years of scholarly contributions, the region remains a relatively unknown heartland (Di Cosmo 1994; Hanks 2010; Lattimore 1940; Mackinder 1904). As pivotal as the history of Inner Asia is in its own right, it also holds special significance for how we interpret complex societies on a global basis. -
Zaju and Kabuki in English
Zaju and Kabuki in English Directing in the Classical Styles Grant Guangren Shen In , at the National University of Singapore, I directed the first English zaju opera, a genre that has had no known stage productions for the past years. During an -month period from to , I directed Sukeroku: Flower of Edo, the first kabuki play to be performed in English in Asia. In both productions, authenticity was the major criterion: the performative elements identifiable with the genres were meticulously preserved; an effort was made to approximate those for which there were no records; and their probable effects on original audiences were attempted. While indigenous classical theatre attracts attention, it poses practical challenges to the director of the modern stage. Actor Training In my experience, the training of actors is often the biggest challenge, and always the most time-consuming process, in producing Asian theatre. There is initial movement and voice training conducted by singing masters from the genre’s native land, who bring to the production their expertise, which is the result of many years of practice. Their technical know-how is unavailable in any book and adds. They add to the nuances that are vital to the success of the show. After these general sessions, singing masters hold intensive training for the leading roles. When rehearsals go badly, special training has to be devised to work through the problems. The conventional stage of Asian theatre does not allow much leeway for acting problems. You either do it right or do it wrong—and the audience can tell. The freedom to improvise does not pro- vide an escape from acting difficulties either, as it is a benefit of, but not an al- ternative to, the mastery of skills; it is often reserved for stars only. -
Historical Romance and Sixteenth-Century Chinese Cultural Fantasies
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2013 Genre and Empire: Historical Romance and Sixteenth-Century Chinese Cultural Fantasies Yuanfei Wang University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, and the History Commons Recommended Citation Wang, Yuanfei, "Genre and Empire: Historical Romance and Sixteenth-Century Chinese Cultural Fantasies" (2013). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 938. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/938 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/938 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Genre and Empire: Historical Romance and Sixteenth-Century Chinese Cultural Fantasies Abstract Chinese historical romance blossomed and matured in the sixteenth century when the Ming empire was increasingly vulnerable at its borders and its people increasingly curious about exotic cultures. The project analyzes three types of historical romances, i.e., military romances Romance of Northern Song and Romance of the Yang Family Generals on northern Song's campaigns with the Khitans, magic-travel romance Journey to the West about Tang monk Xuanzang's pilgrimage to India, and a hybrid romance Eunuch Sanbao's Voyages on the Indian Ocean relating to Zheng He's maritime journeys and Japanese piracy. The project focuses on the trope of exogamous desire of foreign princesses and undomestic women to marry Chinese and social elite men, and the trope of cannibalism to discuss how the expansionist and fluid imagined community created by the fiction shared between the narrator and the reader convey sentiments of proto-nationalism, imperialism, and pleasure.