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Phytoplankton in the Coastal Waters of Russky Island, Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan Olga G

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Phytoplankton in the Coastal Waters of Russky Island, Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan Olga G Botanica Pacifica. A journal of plant science and conservation. 2019. 8(1): 133–141 DOI: 10.17581/bp.2019.08112 Phytoplankton in the Coastal Waters of Russky Island, Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan Olga G. Shevchenko1,2*, Anna A. Ponomareva1, Maria A. Shulgina1 & Tatiana Yu. Orlova1 Olga G. Shevchenko1,2* ABSTRACT e-mail: [email protected] The article presents an annotated list of microalgal species in the coastal waters Anna A. Ponomareva1 off Russky Island (Sea of Japan) based on original and literature data. A total of e-mail: [email protected] 254 taxa of microalgae from ten classes are identified. Descriptions and photo- Maria A. Shulgina1 graphic illustrations are provided for the diatom species of the genus Skeletonema e-mail: [email protected] and prymnesiophyta Pseudohaptolina sorokinii, which are rare in the seas of Russia. Information on 20 species of potentially toxic microalgae observed in the study Tatiana Yu. Orlova1 area is also provided. e-mail: [email protected] Keywords: marine, phytoplankton, flora, ecology, Russky Island, Sea of Japan РЕЗЮМЕ 1 National Scientific Center of Marine Biology FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia Шевченко О.Г., Пономарева А.А., Шульгина М.А., Орлова Т.Ю. Фи- 2 топланктон прибрежных вод острова Русский, залив Петра Великого, Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries Японское море. В работе представлен аннотированный список микрово- University, Vladivostok, Russia дорослей прибрежных вод острова Русский (Японское море), составленный на основе оригинальных сведений и данных литературы. Обнаружено 254 таксона микроводорослей, относящихся 10 классам. Приведены описания * corresponding author и даны фототаблицы редких для морей России видов диатомовых рода Skeletonema и примнезиофитовой водоросли Pseudohaptolina sorokinii. Включе- ны сведения о 20 видах потенциально токсичных микроводорослей. Данная Manuscript received: 28.06.2018 работа содержит сведения о составе фитопланктона исследованной аквато- Review completed: 15.03.2019 рии до начала ее активной эксплуатации. Accepted for publication: 18.03.2019 Published online: 19.03.2019 Ключевые слова: морской фитопланктон, флора, экология, остров Русский, Японское море Russky Island is located in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea The purpose of our study was to summarize the data on of Japan, near the southern tip of the Muravyov-Amursky the long-term research of phytoplankton from the coastal wa- Pe ninsula. The island is washed by the waters of Amur Bay ters of Russky Island, as well as to compile a floral list with in the west and Ussuri Bay (both are smaller subordinate quani t tative characteristics of each taxon for different seasons. bays in Peter the Great Bay) in the east and in the south. The bays are connected by the Eastern Bosphorus Strait bor de- MATERIAL AND METHODS ring Russky Island in the north. Amur Bay is one of the Environmental conditions of the study area most studied areas of the northwestern Sea of Japan. More The climatic conditions of the northwestern part of than 30 papers dealing with the research of phytoplankton Russky Island differ from those in its southeastern part from Amur Bay have been published since the beginning facing the open sea. During the summer monsoon period of the last century. The results of an almost hundred-year- the southeastern part of the island is often exposed to fogs long study of microalgal flora in this bay are summarized and colder than the northwest part. Most precipitation by Orlova et al. (2009). The phytoplankton of Ussuri Bay falls in summer. The mean air temperature ranges from is significantly less studied; there are only two publications 0°C to -12°C in winter and from 14°C to 21°C in summer. pro viding data on investigation of microalgae from this bay During winter, the temperature of the coastal waters off (Seli na 1988, Begun 2004). the island falls down to -1.9°C; the water reaches its highest Species composition and abundance of phytoplankton temperature, up to 25°C, in August. Freeze-up usually are widely used for the assessments of the human impact begins in mid December; the coastal strip of the sea off on water areas and may serve as ecosystem indicators due Russky Island is covered with ice up to 1 m and more thick to the ability of microalgae to promptly respond to changes until the middle of March. in the aquatic environment (Cloern & Jassby 2010). The up- Data sampling and analysis coming necessity to evaluate the anthropogenic pressures on the coastal waters off Russky Island makes inventorying Phytoplankton was sampled in the coastal waters of the flora of this water area timely and relevant. Us suri Bay and Peter the Great Bay around Russky Island ©Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS. 2019 133 Shevchenko et al. (Fig. 1, Table 1). In 2007 and 2008, sampling was conducted Microalgae were identified under a light microscope with the research vessel Larga; in 2012–2015, sampling was Olym pus BX 41 (LM). The fine structure of valves was carried out by the research team of the Primorsky Aquarium, examined with a transmission electron microscope JEM- Branch of the National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 100 JEOL S (TEM) and a scanning electron microscope Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Carl Zeiss Leo 430 (SEM). Material for TEM was prepared (NSCMB FEB RAS), at the monitoring stations. In winter, according to the standard procedure (Hasle & Fryxell 1970, phytoplankton was sampled through a hole drilled in the sea Shevchenko & Ponomareva 2015). Algae were considered ice. Samples were taken with a 5-liter Niskin bottle from the to be blooming at concentrations exceeding 106 cells/L surface horizon. One liter of the sample was fixed with Uter- (Colijn 1992). möhl’s solution and concentrated by sedimentation (Uter- In this article we use the taxonomic classification pro- möhl 1958, Sukhanova 1983). The material was exa mined in posed by Guiry & Guiry (2012). Species within the classes a Nageotte counting chamber with a volume of 0.05 mL. A are alphabetically ordered (Table 2). The synonymy given total of 497 phytoplankton samples were studied. here reflects all nomenclatural changes made since 2008. RESULTS The original studies resulted in an annotated listo of phy t plan kton from the coastal waters of Russky Island. The list provides information on 254 species and intraspecific ta xa of microalgae from ten classes (Table 2). The highest spe cies diversity was recorded for Bacillariophyceae (133 spe cies and 5 intraspecific taxa) and Dinophyceae (109). Other clas ses were represented by smal- ler numbers of species: Eug le noidea, 4; Dic- tyo chophyceae, 4; Chlorophyceae, 3; Cryp to- phy ceae, 2; Cyanophyceae, 2; Chrysophyceae, 1; Eb rio phyceae, 1; and Prymnesiophyceae, 1 spe cies. Among dia toms, the genus Chaetoceros was the richest in species (39 spe cies and intra- specific taxa); among dinoflagellates, the ge nus Protoperidinium had the greatest variety of species (32 species). During the study period, such species of plank tonic mic ro algae as Pseudohaptolina sorokinii of the Prymnesiophycea and diatoms of the genus Ske letonema, which are rare in the seas of Russia, were recorded. When exa mi ning colonies of Skeletonema with electron mic ro- scopy, we iden ti fied S. cos ta tum, S. dohrnii, S. gre­ thae, S. japonicum and S. marinoi (Figs 2, 3). The ar ticle provides desc riptions of the species of the genus Skeletonema and Pseudohaptolina sorokinii Figure 1 Map of phytoplankton sampling stations off Russky Island. Stations from the study area. in Eastern Bosphorus Strait are indicated by circles; in Ussuri Bay, by squares Table 1. Characteristics of the material collected. Quantity Area Date of sampling Longitude, E Latitude, N stations samples 08.02.2007–28.02.2007 12 16 131°53’55»–131°56’03» 43°01’40»–43°03’25» Eastern 13.04.2007 2 2 131°52’34»–131°55’36» 43°02’38»–43°04’08» Bosphorus 03.05.2007 6 8 131°54’25»–131°57’22» 43°01’36»–43°03’53» Strait 02.09.2008; 04.09.2008 9 21 131°51’13»–131°56’38» 43°01’57»–43°03’39» 14.12.2012–17.11.2015 2 335 131º54’20»–131º55’51» 43º00’27»–43º01’50» 20.02.2007 3 3 131°56’15»–131°56’28» 43°00’17»–43°01’10» 13.04.2007 8 8 131°45’17»–131°56’14» 42°55’46»–43°00’55» Ussuri Bay 03.05.2007 12 16 131°53’07»–131°59’15» 42°55’42»–43°01’10» 03.09.2008–04.09.2008 17 39 131°54’53»–131°59’03» 42°55’42»–43°01’10» 26.03.2013–20.10.2015 1 49 131°56’12»–131°56’14» 44°00’54»–44°00’55» 134 Botanica Pacifica. A journal of plant science and conservation. 2019. 8(1): 133–141 Phytoplankton in the Coastal Waters of Russky Island, Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Cleve, 1873 (Fig. 2: A, B) the ring of the fultoportula processes in intercalary and ter- Description. Cells cylindrical, 9–12 µm in diameter, mi nal valves. joined into colonies by long straight fultoportula processes. Distribution. Its distribution in the World Ocean needs Valves circular, slightly convex in the center, strongly si- to be clarified. The species is reliably reported from along li cified. Each fultoportula process with a large pore at its the coast of Hong Kong Island (Greville 1866), Northern base. The intercalary fultoportula processes differ in shape Queens land (Australia); in the Atlantic Ocean it occurs in from the terminal ones. The rimoportula is located inside the coastal waters of the USA, Uruguay, Brazil (Sarno et al. Figure 2 Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Cleve, 1873: A – fragment of colony, B – intercalary cells, large pore at the base of fultoportula process (arrowhead); Skeletonema dohrnii Sarno et Kooistra 2005: C – general appearance of colony, D – terminal valve, rimoportula process located close to valve center, E – two intercalary valves, shape of fultoportula processes; Skeletonema grethae Zingone et Sarno 2005: F – colony of cells, G – intercalary valve, rimoportula process (arrowhead), H –adjacent valves, linkage of fultoportula processes.
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