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A Dictionary of Names

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A Dictionary of Names A Dictionary of Names Dates are 'A.o.' unless otherwise stated; they also conform to modem usage, not to the elaborate chronological scheme which Ralegh had to construct in the light of the accepted short age of the world (see entry under 'Adam'). The entries on the kings of Israel and Judah are clarified in the table given below, p. 4I5· Abel: 2nd son of Adam (q.v.) Abia: see next entry Abijah: King of Judah (see Table, p. 4I 5) Abraham (21st cent. B.c.?): Hebrew patriarch, led his family from Chaldea to Canaan, then Egypt 'Academics': adherents of Plato's philosophy Achilles: the Greek hero of the Trojan war Adam: according to tradition, the first man (estimated by Ralegh to have been created in 403 I B.c.) Adonis: beloved of Venus, killed by a boar Aelian (3rd cent. or earlier): Roman historian Aemilius Paulus: see Paulus Aemilius Aemilius, Paulus (d. I 529): Italian chronicler of French history Agar: see Hagar Agathocles: tyrant of Syracuse (3I6-304 B.c.) and king (304-289) Agathon (late 5th cent. B.c.): Athenian tragic poet Agesilaus II (445-361 B.c.): Spartan king and general Agricola, G. Julius (37-93): Roman general and statesman Ahab: King of Israel (see Table, p. 41 5), personification of wickedness Ahaz: King of Judah (see Table, p. 4I 5) Ahaziah: King of Israel (see Table, p. 41 5) Ahaziah (also Jehoahaz): King of Judah (see Table, p. 41 5) Alba: see Alva AlbiU:ovanus Pedo ( rst cent.): Roman poet Alcinous: in the Odyssey, king of the Phaeacians Alcuin (c. 73 5-8o4): English scholar Alexander III the Great: King of Macedon (336-323 B.c.) Alexander V: King of Macedon with his brother Antipater (297-294 B.c.) Alva, Duke of (1 508?-83): commander of the Spanish forces in the Nether- lands Amaziah: King of Judah (see Table, p. 4I 5) Ambrose, St (c. 339-97): Bishop of Milan, Doctor of the Church Ammianus Marcellinus (fl. c. 390): Roman soldier and historian 400 THE HISTORY OF THE WORLD Ammon: an Egyptian god, identified by Greeks with Zeus Amphiaraus: mythical Argive hero and seer Anaxagoras (5oo?-428 B.c.): Greek philosopher Anaxandrides (fl. 376-347 B.c.): Greek comic poet Anaximenes of Miletus (6th cent. B.c.): Greek philosopher Anicius: Roman praetor, conqueror of Illyricum ( 168 B.c.) Anjou: French noble family (from 9th cent.) Annibal: see Hannibal Antaeus: son of Neptune, wrestled with Hercules Antigonus I: King of Macedon (306-301 B.c.), initially general under Alexander the Great Antiochus III the Great: King of Syria (223-187 B.c.) Antiochus IV Epiphanes: King of Syria (175-163 B.c.) Anti pater (398 ?-3 19 B.c.): Macedonian general, regent of Macedon Antipater (fl. 125 B.c.): Roman historian An toninus, St: Antonio Pierozzi ( 1 3 9-8 I 4 59), Italian Dominican theologian and chronicler Ant<>nio, Dom (1531-94): claimant to the Portuguese throne (1580) Apocalypsis: i.e., Book of Revelation Apollo: Olympian god of music and poetry Apollonius Dyscolus (fl. 2nd cent.): Alexandrian grammarian Apollonius Rhodius (237?-186 B.c.): Greek epic poet and grammarian Apollonius of Tyana (1st cent.): Greek Neopythagorean philosopher Appian (2nd cent.): Roman historian from Alexandria Apuleius (2nd cent.): Roman philosopher and rhetorician Aquinas: see Thomas A. Aratus of Sicyon: strategos of the Achrean League from 245 B.c. Aratus of Soli (c. 3 I 5-c. 245 B.c.): Greek physician and poet, quoted by St Paul (Acts 17 .28) Arianus: see Arrian Arias Montanus, Benedictus (1 527-98): Spanish theologian and Orientalist Aridaeus: see Arrhidaeus Ariobarzanes II: King ofPontus (363-337 B.c.) Ariovistus (fl. 7 I?-5 8 B.c.): Germanic tribal chief Aristobulus (4th cent. B.c.): Greek historian of Alexander's campaigns Aristotle (384-322 B.c.): Greek philosopher Armagnac: noble French house (from 1oth cent.) Armaignac: see previous entry Arminius, Jacobus (rs6o-16o9): Dutch anti-Calvinist theologian Arnobius (fl. 300): Christian apologist Arrhidaeus: Macedonian general, regent after death of Perdiccas (q.v.) Arrian (fl. 2nd cent.): Greek historian and biographer of Alexander the Great Artabazus: Persian general-under Darius III (q.v.) Artaxerxes II Mnemon: King of Persia (404-3 59 B.c.) Artemisia: regent of Halicarnassus, ally of Xerxes at Salamis Asclepius: god of medicine Asdrubal: see Hasdrubal Astraea: goddess of justice DICTIONARY OF NAMES 401 Atabalipa (Atahualpa): last Inca king of Peru (I 525-33) Athaliah: Queen of Judah (see Table, p. 4I 5), daughter of Ahab and Jezebel (q.v.) Athenaeus (late 2ndjearly 3rd cent.): Greek scholar Atossa: wife of Darius I, mother of Xerxes I (q.v.) Attalus II Philadelphus: King of Pergamum (I6o?-38 B.c.), brother of Eumenes II (q.v.) Augustine, St (3 54-430): the greatest theologian of the early Latin Church Augustus: Ist Roman emperor (27 B.c.-A.D. I4) Aventinus, Johannes (I477-I 534): Bavarian historian Avicenna (980-I037): Arabian philosopher Bacchus (Dionysus): Olympian god of wine and revelry, son of Jupiter and Semele Bacon, Sir Francis (I 56I-I626): philosopher and essayist Bajazet I: Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (I 389-I403), captured by Timur (q.v.) Bardisanists: Gnostic dualists (?), disciples of the Syrian Bardesanes (I 54- 222) Baruch: a book of the Apocrypha Basil the Great, St (c. 330-79): Bishop of Caesarea, Father of the Church Bathsheba: mistress and then wife of David (q.v.), mother of Solomon (q.v.) Becanus, Martinus (I55o-I624): Jesuit from Brabant, theologian and exegete Bede, St (c. 67 3-7 35): English scholar, 'Father of English History' Bel: i.e., Baal, a great Babylonian deity Belisarius (505 ?-65): general of the Eastern Roman Empire Bellay, Guillaume du, seigneur de Langey (I49I-I543): French soldier, diplomat, author Bellisarius: see Belisarius Ben Sira: the au thor of Ecclesiasticus Bernard, St ( Io9o-I I 53): Abbot of Clairvaux, theologian and mystic Berosus (3rd cent. B.c.): Babylonian historian Bessus: satrap under Darius III (q.v.) Bevis of Southampton, Sir: hero of a medieval tale, avenged his father's murder Beza, Theodore (I 5I9-I6o8): French Calvinist theologian Black Prince: see Edward Boethius (c. 48o-c. 524): Roman philosopher and statesman Buchanus=Buchanan, George (I506-82): Scottish historian and scholar Bunting, Heinrich (I 54 5-I 6o6): German theologian and chronologer Busiris: son of Neptune, mythical king of Egypt Cabalists: adherents of the cabala, the occult Jewish philosophy Caesar, G. Julius: Roman dictator (49-44 B.c.) Cain: eldest son of Adam and Eve Cajetan, Tomasso de Vio (I470-1534): Italian-Spanish cardinal and theologian Caligula: Roman emperor (37-4I) Calisthenes : see Callisthenes SWR 0 402 THE HISTORY OF THE WORLD Callicrates (d. 149 B.c.): general of the Achaean League Callisthenes (360?-328? B.c.): Greek philosopher and historian with Alex- ander Calvin, John (1 509-64): French Reformer and theologian Canute II the Great: King of England (Ioi6-35) and Denmark (IOI8-35) Carion, Johann (I499-I538): German scholar and chronicler Casaubon, Isaac (I559-I6I4): Swiss classical scholar Cassander: King of Macedon (3I6-297 B.c.) Cato, Marcus Porcius (234-I49 B.c.): Roman statesman Catullus (84-54 B.c.): Roman lyric poet Cecil, Sir Robert, ISt Earl of Salisbury (I 563-I6I2): Secretary of State to Elizabeth I and James I Ceres (Demeter): Olympian goddess of agriculture 'Chaldean Paraphrast': i.e., commentator on Bible in Aramaic (Targum) Cham: see Ham Charlemagne: Charles I the Great, King of the Franks (768-8I4) and Emperor of the West (8oo-8I4) Charles V: Holy Roman Emperor (I 5 I9-56), and King of Spain as Charles I (ISI6-s6) Charles VIII: King of France (I483-98) Charles the Great: see Charlemagne Charron, Pierre (IS4I-I6o3): French philosopher and theologian Chrysippus of Soli (c. 280-207 B.c.): Stoic, continued work of Cleanthes (q.v.) Chrysostom: see John C. Cicero (Io6-43 B.c.): Roman orator, philosopher and statesman Claudian (d. c. 395): Latin poet Claudius 1: Roman Emperor (9 B.c.-A.D. 54) Cleanthes of Assos (33I-232 B.c.): Stoic, pupil ofZeno (q.v.) Cleon (d. 422 B.c.): Athenian demagogue during the Peloponnesian War Cleopatra 1: wife of Ptolemy V (q.v.) Clitus (d. 328 B.c.): commander under Alexander the Great, killed by him Clitus (d. 3 I 8 B.c.): commander under Alexander the Great, defeated by Antigonus Clytus: see previous en tries Codrus: last king of Athens, said to have reigned c. Io68 B.c. Coke, Sir Edward (I 5 52-I 6 34) : Lord Chief Justice, writer on law Coligni or Coligny, Gaspar de (I 5 I9-72): French admiral, leader of Hugue- nots Comestor: see Peter C. Comines, Philip de (I447?-I5II?): French chronicler Constantine the Great: Roman Emperor (306-337) Cornutus, Lucius Annaeus (Ist cent.): Roman Stoic philosopher Cotys (d. c. 3 56 B.c.): King of Thrace Craterus (d. 32I B.c.): Macedonian general, ruled with Antipater, killed by Eumenes (q.v.) Cratippus (4th cent. B.c.): Greek historian Ctesias (5th cent. B.c.): Greek historian of Persia DICTIONARY OF NAMES Cumaean Sybil: prophetess from whom Rome's last king bought oracular utterances Curtius Rufus (fl. Ist cent.): Latin biographer of Alexander the Great Cusanus: see Nicholas of Cusa Cybele: the goddess of nature; sometimes 'the mother of the gods' Rhea Cyprian, St (d. 2 58): Bishop of Carthage, pastoral theologian Cyril, St (376-444-): Archbishop of Alexandria, Father of the Church Cyrus the Great: King of Persia (55o-529 B.c.), founder of Persian Empire Cyrus the Younger (c. 4-24--4-01 B.c.): Persian satrap whose defeat occasioned retreat of Xenophon (q.v.) Daedalus: mythical inventor, built Labyrinth for Minos (q.v.) Dagon: a Philistine deity Damascene: see John of Damascus Danaeus (Daneau), Lambertus (153~5): French divine and theologian Danett, Thomas (fl.
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