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Analysis of the Evolutionary Relationship and Geographical Patterns of Genetically Varied Populations of Diamondback Moth, Plutella Xylostella (L.)

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Analysis of the evolutionary relationship and geographical patterns of genetically varied populations of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.)

by
Shijun You
MSc., The University of British Columbia, 2010
A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in
THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES
(Botany)

THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
(Vancouver)

October 2017
© Shijun You, 2017

Abstract

The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, is well known for its extensive adaptation and distribution, high level of genetic variation and polymorphism, and strong resistance to a broad range of synthetic insecticides. Although understanding of the P. xylostella biology and ecology has been considerably improved, knowledge on the genetic basis of these traits remains surprisingly limited. Based on data generated by different sets of molecular markers, we uncovered the history of evolutionary origin and regional dispersal, identified the patterns of genetic diversity and variation, characterized the demographic history, and revealed natural and human-aided factors that are potentially responsible for contemporary distribution of P. xylostella. These findings rewrite our understanding of this exceptional system, revealing that South America might be a potential origin of P. xylostella, and recently colonized across most parts of the world resulting possibly from intensified human activities. With the data from selected continents, we demonstrated signatures of localized selection associated with environmental adaptation and insecticide resistance of P. xylostella. This work brings us to a better understanding of the regional movement and genetic bases on rapid adaptation and development of agrochemical resistance, and provides a solid foundation for better monitoring and management of this worldwide herbivore and forecast of regional pest status of P. xylostella, by taking a cost-effective response to insecticide resistance and better implementation of biological control programs.

ii

Lay Summary

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is a notorious and globally distributed lepidopteran pest of cruciferous vegetables with extensive adaptation and strong resistance to a broad range of synthetic insecticides. Aiming at better understanding the underlying mechanisms that are responsible for rapid development of resistance to agrochemicals, we investigated the genetic diversity, variation and differentiation of diamondback moth populations in various parts of the world (East Asia and the Americas), by considering the evolutionary relationships and demographic history of the sampled populations. By using different sets of molecular markers, the genetic polymorphism, evolutionary origin, as well as regional patterns of dispersal of diamondback moth were revealed in our target continents. These findings enrich our knowledge about the regional movement and genetic bases on rapid adaptation and development of agrochemical resistance, and provide a solid foundation for better monitoring and management of this worldwide herbivore and forecast of regional pest status.

iii

Preface

Chapter 1 introduces the thesis framework, literature review and research objectives, while Chapter 5 provides the novel findings and potential directions for future research.

For Chapter 2, Shijun You, Fushi Ke, and Dr. Carl Douglas identified the research questions. Shijun You, Fushi Ke, Dr. Liette Vasseur, Dr. Minsheng You and Dr. Carl Douglas designed the research experiments. Shijun You, Fushi Ke, Tiansheng Liu, and Dr. Weiyi He performed the experiments and carried out the data analysis. A version of Chapter 2 has been published (Ke et al, 2013). Shijun You and Fushi Ke wrote most of the manuscript, and all authors contributed to writing the manuscript.

For Chapters 3 & 4, Shijun You, Fushi Ke, Dr. Liette Vasseur, Dr. Geff Gurr, Dr. Minsheng You, and Dr. Carl Douglas identified the research questions and designed the research experiments. Shijun You and Fushi Ke conducted all the research and data analysis. Shijun You was responsible for the text writing.

iv

Table of Contents

Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………..ii Lay Summary……………………………………………………………………………………iii Preface…………………………………………………………………………………………....iv Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………...v List of Tables……………………………………………………………………………………vii List of Figures………………………………………………………………………………….viii List of Abbreviations…………………………………………………………………………….x

Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………...xi

Chapter 1 Introduction……………………………………………….…………………………1

1.1 Biology and ecology..……………………………………..……………………………......1 1.2 Pest status and management……………………………………………………………….3 1.3 Overwintering and migration……...…...………….……………………………………….5 1.4 Population genetics and phylogeography……………………………………….........7
1.4.1 MtDNA-based studies..……...…...…….…………………………………………….9 1.4.2 Microsatellite-based studies……………………………………………...................10

1.5 Genomic studies and their utility…………………………………………………...12

1.5.1 Migration…………...………………………………………….………………13 1.5.2 Insecticide resistance………………...….…………………………………….14
1.6 Research objectives……………….……..…………………………………………...15

Chapter 2. Genetic differentiation of the regional Plutella xylostella populations across the

Taiwan Strait based on identification of microsatellite markers…………………..17

2.1 Introduction………………………….……………………………………………….……17 2.2 Materials and methods…………………………………………….…………..................19 2.3 Results……………………………………………………………………………………..28 2.4 Discussion…………………………………………………………………………………36 2.5 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………….…..39

Chapter 3 Herbivore invasion triggers adaptation in a newly associated third trophic level species and shared microbial symbionts, a case study based on phylogeographic analysis of

Plutella xylostella and Cotesia vestalis…………………………………………………………40

v

3.1 Introduction……………..…………………………………………………………………40 3.2 Materials and methods…………………………………………………………………….42 3.3 Results……………………………………………………………..………………………48 3.4 Discussion…………………………………………………………………………………63

Chapter 4 Genetic variability provides insight into geographic patterns and strong adaptation of Plutella xylostella………………………………………………………………..66

4.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………..………………66 4.2 Materials and methods…………………………………………………………………….67 4.3 Results……………………………………………………………………………………..80 4.4 Discussion…………………………………………………………………………………99 4.5 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………….....103

Chapter 5 Conclusion and future directions…………………………………….………….104

5.1 Main findings of this PhD thesis…………………………………………………………104 5.2 Future directions…………………………………………………………………………105

5.2.1 Global phylogeographical study of the diamondback moth………………………105 5.2.2 Analysis of genes associated with local adaptation….……………………………106

5.2.3 Landscape factors shaping P. xylostella’s distribution and migration…………….106

5.2.4 Phylogeographical study on Wolbachia…………………………………………107

Reference…………………………...………………………………………………………….108

vi

List of Tables

Table 2.1 Composition, abundance (number) and frequency of SSRs identified from the P.

xylostella transcriptome.……..……………………………..……………………………………22

Table 2.2 Sampling locations, numbers, and collection date of the Plutella xylostella (Px) specimens from Fujian and Taiwan, in southeast China………………………....………………25

  • Table 2.3 Pairwise differentiation (F ) among the Plutella xylostella populations sampled from
  • ST

different locations across the Taiwan Strait based on uncorrected (a) and corrected (b) allele

frequencies…….…………………………………………………………………………………26

Table 2.4 Characteristics of nine polymorphic SSRs developed in Plutella xylostella …………..29

Table 2.5 Analysis for the selective neutrality of the identified polymorphic SSR loci based

on Ewens–Watterson Test using POPGENE………………………………………………. 31

Table 2.6 Genetic diversity at eight microsatellite loci for the sampled Plutella xylostella

populations across the Taiwan Strait…………………………………………………………….32

Table 2.7 Mutation-scaled population sizes (θ) and migration rates (M) among the Plutella xylostella populations sampled from Fuzhou, Putian, and Yunlin, estimated with Migrate…….35

Table 3.1 Details of Plutella xylostella and Cotesia vestalis samples…………………………...43

Table 3.2 Information of the gene fragments and related primers used in P. xylostella and C.

vestalis……………………………………………………………………………………………45

Table 3.3. Parameters of genetic diversity and demographic history of the P. xylostella and C. vestalis populations based on three mitochondrial genes………………………………………..51

Table 4.1 Sample information…………………………………………………………………...69 Table 4.2 Sequencing statistics………………………………………………………………….71 Table 4.3 Distribution of SNPs across different genomic regions…………………………….....84

Table 4.4 Polymorphism parameters of the P. xylostella in South America (SA) and North

America (NA)……………………………………………………………………………………84 Table 4.5 InterPro-based annotations on preferentially expressed genes in larvae with highly differentiated SNPs in coding regions…………………………………………………………...93

vii

List of Figures

Figure 2.1 Map showing geographic location of the Taiwan Strait (left) and sampling locations

of Plutella xylostella used for this study…………………………………………………………24

Figure 2.2 Population structure plot showing two distinct clusters of the Plutella xylostella populations sampled from nine different locations across the Taiwan Strait……………….34

Figure 2.3 Neighbor-joining tree based on 1000 bootstraps (A) and Principal Coordinates Analysis (B) of the Plutella xylostella populations sampled from different locations in Fujian and

Taiwan……………………………………………………………………………………………34

Figure 2.4 Regression analysis between the geographic distance (log) and genetic distance (FST/(1-FST)) among the Plutella xylostella populations sampled from different locations in

Fujian province (R2=0.271; P=0.028)……………………………………………………....35

Figure 3.1 The wsp-based phylogenetic tree of Wolbachia using the neighbor-joining algorithm

with 1000 bootstraps………………………...…………………………………………………...49

Figure 3.2 Phylogenetic tree of P. xylostella based on concatenated COI, Cytb and NadhI genes

using maximum likelihood algorithm with 1000 bootstraps…………………………………….54

Figure 3.3 Phylogeny of C. vestalis based on concatenated COI, Cytb and NadhI genes using maximum likelihood algorithm with 1000 bootstraps……………………………………….......55 Figure 3.4 Phylogeny of global C. vestalis samples based on COI gene (545 bp) using maximum likelihood algorithm with 1000 bootstraps……………………………………………………....56 Figure 3.5 Haplotype distribution (a) and network (b) of P. xylostella based on Cytb gene across

the sample locations………………………………………………………………………….......58

Figure 3.6 Haplotype distribution (a) and network (b) of C. vestalis based on concatenated COI, Cytb and NadhI genes (c3m) across the sample locations……………………………………….59

Figure 3.7 Mismatch distribution of P. xylostella and C.vestalis based on concatenated COI, Cytb

and NadhI genes……………………………………………………………………………61

Figure 3.8 Divergence time estimates were based on the COI gene of P. xylostella and

C.vestalis…………………………………………………………………………………………62 Figure 4.1 Locations of the P . x ylostella samples used in this study………….............................68 Figure 4.2 Neighbor-joining tree of the COI-gene for all collected specimens in this study and sequence information from Landry and Hebert (2013)…………………………….....................85

viii

Figure 4.3 Genomic variations of sequenced P . x ylostella populations………………………….86 Figure 4.4 SNP saturation curve based on independent samplings from sampled P . x ylostella individuals collected in North America (A) and South America (B)…………………………….87 Figure 4.5 Genome-wide distribution of the minor allele frequency in the NA and SA colonies of

P. x ylostella………………………………………………………………………………………88

Figure 4.6 Linkage-disequilibrium patterns against physical distance (bp) based on the P . xylostella genome-wide SNPs from NA and SA………………………………………………...88 Figure 4.7 The phylogenetic tree constructed using neighbor-joining algorithm based on the

genome-wide SNPs of P . x ylostella……………………………………………………………...89

Figure 4.8 The phylogenetic tree constructed using NJ algorithm based on mitochondrial

genome-wide SNPs of P . x ylostella………………………………………..…………………….90

Figure 4.9 Genetic structure of P . x ylostella populations from North America and South

America…………………………………………………………………………………………..91 Figure 4.10 Distribution of two dominant haplotypes (represented as yellow and blue-green, respectively) of mitochondrial gene COI……………..……………………………………….....91

Figure 4.11 Demographic history of the P. xylostella colonies in the Americas inferred by

SMC++…………………………………………………………………………………………...92

Figure 4.12 Demographic history of the P. xylostella in the Americas predicted with a pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent (PSMC) model………………………………………….......92

Figure 4.13 Signals of local adaptation associated with olfactory reception…….........................96

Figure 4.14 FST statistics presented in a 40kb window between North American populations and South America populations for three selected genes (A: CCG003485.1; B: CCG007339.1, and C: CCG006292.1) with nonsynonymous mutations that cause significant change to protein

structure…………………………………………………………………………………………..97 Figure 4.15 Homology models of DBM P450 enzymes CYP12A2 (CCG003485.1), CYP9F2 (CCG007339.1), and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B15 (CCG006292.1)…………….98

ix

List of Abbreviations

DBM

Bt

Diamondback moth

Bacillus thuringiensis

  • IPM
  • Integrated pest management

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms Amplified fragment length polymorphisms Simple sequence repeats
RFLP AFLP SSR mtDNA AGE

AMOVA

HWE

SNPs

COI

Mitochondrial DNA

Agarose gel electrophoresis Analyses of molecular variance Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Single nucleotide polymorphisms

Cytochrome c oxidase I
Cytb NadhI NJ
Cytochrome b NADH dehydrogenase subunit I Neighbor-joining

  • ML
  • Maximum likelihood

  • AIC
  • Akaike Information Criterion

Time to the most recent common ancestor

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane Linkage disequilibrium

TMRCA DDT

LD MAF PSMC

NA

Minor allele frequency Pairwise sequential Markovian coalescence

North America

  • SA
  • South America

ABC GSTs COEs
ATP-binding cassette Glutathione S-transferases Carboxylesterases

x

Acknowledgements

I sincerely express my tremendous appreciation to those who have encouraged, guided and supported me throughout my life and studies. To my previous supervisor, Dr. Carl Douglas, who tragically passed away in July 2016 during a mountaineering trip, thanks for your considerate and continued efforts to establish a social and studying relationship that is energized by curiosity and all things abstract. Thanks to my current supervisor, Dr. Yuelin Zhang, for your considerate care. Thanks to my co-supervisor, Dr. Murray Isman, for your great and kind help and support over the past years. Thanks to my previous committee members, Dr. Judy Myers and Dr. Greg Crutsinger, and my current committee members, Dr. Loren Rieseberg and Dr. Wayne Maddison, for your kind care and efforts through my research and writing processes.

I would like to thank Dr. Liette Vasseur, Dr. Geoff Gurr, and Dr. Simon Baxter who kindly helped me a lot during the project implementation and manuscript development. I am also grateful to Mr. Fushi Ke for his cooperation in data analysis and knowledge sharing. My special thanks would go to Dr. Hugo Cedar, Dr. Mark Goettel, Dr. Liette vasseur, Dr. Gefu wang-Priski, Dr. Qisheng Song, Dr. Songqing Wu, Dr. Miao Xie and Dr. Lijun Cai for their considerable helps with collection of the P. sylostella specimens.

Thank you to all the members of Douglas Lab past and present for your encouragements, support, comments and hours of sharing your knowledge and life experience. Thank you to all people in the Department of Botany, especially previous head Dr. Lacey Samuels and current head Dr. Sean Graham, for the kind concern for my study, as well as previous graduate coordinator Veronica Oxtoby and current graduate coordinator Alice Liou, for the thoughtful help over the past years.

I also want to thank all my families and friends for their endless support, especially to my dear parents, my wife, my lovely daughter, and my mother-in-law.

Thanks to the China Scholarship Council for providing the stipend for my PhD program. xi

Chapter 1 Introduction

The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is considered to be the most destructive and globally distributed lepidopteran agricultural pest of Brassica vegetables (Talekar and Shelton, 1993; Sarfraz et al, 2005). It was recently estimated that this pest causes a total of 4-5 billion dollars associated with damage and management worldwide per year (Zaluchi, 2012; Furlong, et al., 2013). The absence of effective natural enemies and broad resistance to various insecticides are thought to be the principal causes for frequent outbreaks of P. x ylostella in many parts of the world (Lim, 1986; Talekar and Shelton, 1993; Li et al., 2016). With the conspicuous features of broad distribution, rapid development of insecticide resistance, and a hostplant range including many economically important food crops such as rapeseed, cauliflower and cabbage, P . x ylostella has been receiving a great deal of scientific and public attention. This is well reflected by the organization of the Working Group on Diamondback Moth, a regular series of international workshops on its biology and management since 1985, and a large body of research publications with three reviews published in the top entomology journal, the Annual Review of Entomology (Talekar and Shelton, 1993; Furlong et al., 2013; Li et al., 2016).

1.1 Biology and ecology

Life history

The practical importance of P . x ylostella is clear by its relatively short life cycle potentially producing many generations a year, varying and mainly determined by temperature (Li et al., 2016). P . x ylostella can develop and reproduce over a broad range of temperatures, between 8 - 33℃, with the highest survival and fecundity at 25℃ (Dan, 1995). The annual number of generations per year tends to increase from north to south, with 2 - 4 generations in northeast China and the northern United States (Zhou et al., 2013; Philips et al., 2014), and more than 20 generations in tropical regions where crucifers are grown throughout the year (Talekar and Shelton, 1993; Lin et al., 2013).

P. x ylostella adults become active at dusk, when most mating and oviposition occurs (Harcourt, 1957). Egg development varies with temperature, ranging from 2 to 20 days (Harcourt, 1957; Liu

1

et al., 2002). Damage to hosts is exclusively produced by larval feeding. The larval stage of P . xylostella includes four instars and generally requires 2 - 4 weeks to complete (Harcourt, 1957; Liu et al., 2002). When the fourth instar completes feeding, it constructs a loose silken cocoon on the leaf surface where it spends a two day period of quiescence before entering into the formal pupal stage. The duration of the pupal period is temperature-dependent as well, ranging from 5 to 15 days (Harcourt, 1957; Hoy, 1988).

P. x ylostella has a high reproductive potential, which is one of the factors making it difficult to control. Female adults start laying eggs soon after mating, and oviposition lasts for a period of 4 - 12 days with a single female depositing up to 350 eggs with an average of 150 eggs (Harcourt, 1957). The optimal temperature for oviposition, with the peak number of eggs laid, ranges from 20 - 25℃ (Liu et al. 2002). Oviposition was observed to mostly occur at night, and is correlated with light intensity and the time of illumination (Harcourt, 1966; Ke and Fang, 1980). Adults are able to feed on nectar as their supplementary food after eclosion. Both life-span and fecundity of adults are correlated with nutritional quality (Ke and Fang, 1980; Talekar and Shelton, 1993).

Natural enemies

A total of 90 species of parasitoids have been documented for P . x ylostella, with hymenopterans most commonly observed in fields by attacking larvae (Goodwin, 1979; Philips et al., 2014). The most predominant larval parasitoids are from the genera Diadegma and Cotesia (Lim 1986). In

South America, Diadegma insulare, D. leontiniae, and Apanteles piceotrichosus are the dominant species; while Diadegma insulare, Microplites plutellae, and Oomyzus sokolowskii are

most frequently found with high parasitism rates in North America. Across farmlands in Asia,

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    Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW Animal Science No 52 Warsaw 2013 Contents BRZOZOWSKI M., STRZEMECKI P. GŁOGOWSKI R., DZIERŻANOWSKA- Estimation the effectiveness of probiot- -GÓRYŃ D., RAK K. The effect of di- ics as a factor infl uencing the results of etary fat source on feed digestibility in fattening rabbits 7 chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) 23 DAMAZIAK K., RIEDEL J., MICHAL- GRODZIK M. Changes in glioblastoma CZUK M., KUREK A. Comparison of multiforme ultrastructure after diamond the laying and egg weight of laying hens nanoparticles treatment. Experimental in two types of cages 13 model in ovo 29 JARMUŁ-PIETRASZCZYK J., GÓR- ŁOJEK J., ŁOJEK A., SOBORSKA J. SKA K., KAMIONEK M., ZAWIT- Effect of classic massage therapy on the KOWSKI J. The occurrence of ento- heart rate of horses working in hippo- mopathogenic fungi in the Chojnowski therapy. Case study 105 Landscape Park in Poland 37 ŁUKASIEWICZ M., MROCZEK- KAMASZEWSKI M., OSTASZEW- -SOSNOWSKA N., WNUK A., KAMA- SKA T. The effect of feeding on ami- SZEWSKI M., ADAMEK D., TARASE- nopeptidase and non-specifi c esterase WICZ L., ŽUFFA P., NIEMIEC J. Histo- activity in the digestive system of pike- logical profi le of breast and leg muscles -perch (Sander lucioperca L.) 49 of Silkies chickens and of slow-growing KNIŻEWSKA W., REKIEL A. Changes Hubbard JA 957 broilers 113 in the size of population of the European MADRAS-MAJEWSKA B., OCHNIO L., wild boar Sus scrofa L. in the selected OCHNIO M., ŚCIEGOSZ J. Comparison voivodeships in Poland during the years of components and number of Nosema sp.
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    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins Jahr/Year: 2005 Band/Volume: 30_2005 Autor(en)/Author(s): Gershenson Zlata, Pavlicek Tomáš, Nevo Eviatar Artikel/Article: Genera Paraswammerdamia Friese and Eidophasia Stephens recorded in Israel (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidae, Plutellidae) 85-88 Mitt. internat. entomol. Ver. Frankfurt a.M. ISSN 1019-2808 Band 30 . Heft 3/4 Seiten 85 - 88 11. November 2005 Genera Paraswammerdamia Friese and Eidophasia Stephens recorded in Israel (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidae, Plutellidae) Zlata GERSHENSON, Tomáš PAVLÍČEK & Eviatar NEVO Abstract: Two species of moths belonging to the families Yponomeutidae and Plutellidae were newly recorded in Israel: Paraswammerdamia conspersella (Tengström) and Eidophasia messingiella (Fischer v. Röeslerstamm). The first species was believed to be present in central and northern Europe only, whereas the second one is known also from Europe, the Caucasus, the Trans-Caucasus, and Asia Minor. Zusammenfassung: Zwei Schmetterlingsarten, die den Familien Ypono- meutidae und Plutellidae angehören, wurden erstmals in Israel festge- stellt: Paraswammerdamia conspersella (Tengström) und Eidophasia messingiella (Fischer v. Röeslerstamm). Von der ersten Art wurde ange- nommen, dass sie nur in Zentral- und Nord-Europa vorkomme, während die zweite auch von Europa, dem Kaukasus, dem Transkaukasus und Kleinasien bekannt ist. Key words: Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae, Plutellidae, Paraswammer- damia , Eidophasia, Israel Introduction Yponomeutoid moths represent a worldwide distributed phyto- phagous group which occurs in very different landscapes such as forests, steppes, mountains, lowlands, deserts, and agricultural coenoses and which is trophically connected to 23 plant families (GERSHENSON & ULENBERG 1998). In spite of the ecological significance of this group, the fauna of the superfamily Yponomeutoidea of Israel has been insuf- ficiently known until recent time.
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    Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring Within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘I: Synthesis Report

    Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Prepared by Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Hawaii Biological Survey Bishop Museum Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817 USA Prepared for EKNA Services Inc. 615 Pi‘ikoi Street, Suite 300 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96814 and State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation, Airports Division Bishop Museum Technical Report 58 Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Bishop Museum Press 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, Hawai‘i Copyright 2012 Bishop Museum All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America ISSN 1085-455X Contribution No. 2012 001 to the Hawaii Biological Survey COVER Adult male Hawaiian long-horned wood-borer, Plagithmysus kahului, on its host plant Chenopodium oahuense. This species is endemic to lowland Maui and was discovered during the arthropod surveys. Photograph by Forest and Kim Starr, Makawao, Maui. Used with permission. Hawaii Biological Report on Monitoring Arthropods within Kahului Airport Environs, Synthesis TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents …………….......................................................……………...........……………..…..….i. Executive Summary …….....................................................…………………...........……………..…..….1 Introduction ..................................................................………………………...........……………..…..….4
  • Checklist of Texas Lepidoptera Knudson & Bordelon, Jan 2018 Texas Lepidoptera Survey

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    1 Checklist of Texas Lepidoptera Knudson & Bordelon, Jan 2018 Texas Lepidoptera Survey ERIOCRANIOIDEA TISCHERIOIDEA ERIOCRANIIDAE TISCHERIIDAE Dyseriocrania griseocapitella (Wlsm.) Eriocraniella mediabulla Davis Coptotriche citripennella (Clem.) Eriocraniella platyptera Davis Coptotriche concolor (Zell.) Coptotriche purinosella (Cham.) Coptotriche clemensella (Cham). Coptotriche sulphurea (F&B) NEPTICULOIDEA Coptotriche zelleriella (Clem.) Tischeria quercitella Clem. NEPTICULIDAE Coptotriche malifoliella (Clem.) Coptotriche crataegifoliae (Braun) Ectoedemia platanella (Clem.) Coptotriche roseticola (F&B) Ectoedemia rubifoliella (Clem.) Coptotriche aenea (F&B) Ectoedemia ulmella (Braun) Asterotriche solidaginifoliella (Clem.) Ectoedemia obrutella (Zell.) Asterotriche heliopsisella (Cham.) Ectoedemia grandisella (Cham.) Asterotriche ambrosiaeella (Cham.) Nepticula macrocarpae Free. Asterotriche helianthi (F&B) Stigmella scintillans (Braun) Asterotriche heteroterae (F&B) Stigmella rhoifoliella (Braun) Asterotriche longeciliata (F&B) Stigmella rhamnicola (Braun) Asterotriche omissa (Braun) Stigmella villosella (Clem.) Asterotriche pulvella (Cham.) Stigmella apicialbella (Cham.) Stigmella populetorum (F&B) Stigmella saginella (Clem.) INCURVARIOIDEA Stigmella nigriverticella (Cham.) Stigmella flavipedella (Braun) PRODOXIDAE Stigmella ostryaefoliella (Clem.) Stigmella myricafoliella (Busck) Tegeticula yuccasella (Riley) Stigmella juglandifoliella (Clem.) Tegeticula baccatella Pellmyr Stigmella unifasciella (Cham.) Tegeticula carnerosanella Pellmyr
  • Desktop Biodiversity Report

    Desktop Biodiversity Report

    Desktop Biodiversity Report Lindfield Rural and Urban Parishes ESD/14/65 Prepared for Terry Oliver 10th February 2014 This report is not to be passed on to third parties without prior permission of the Sussex Biodiversity Record Centre. Please be aware that printing maps from this report requires an appropriate OS licence. Sussex Biodiversity Record Centre report regarding land at Lindfield Rural and Urban Parishes 10/02/2014 Prepared for Terry Oliver ESD/14/65 The following information is enclosed within this report: Maps Sussex Protected Species Register Sussex Bat Inventory Sussex Bird Inventory UK BAP Species Inventory Sussex Rare Species Inventory Sussex Invasive Alien Species Full Species List Environmental Survey Directory SNCI L61 - Waspbourne Wood; M08 - Costells, Henfield & Nashgill Woods; M10 - Scaynes Hill Common; M18 - Walstead Cemetery; M25 - Scrase Valley Local Nature Reserve; M49 - Wickham Woods. SSSI Chailey Common. Other Designations/Ownership Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty; Environmental Stewardship Agreement; Local Nature Reserve; Notable Road Verge; Woodland Trust Site. Habitats Ancient tree; Ancient woodland; Coastal and floodplain grazing marsh; Ghyll woodland; Traditional orchard. Important information regarding this report It must not be assumed that this report contains the definitive species information for the site concerned. The species data held by the Sussex Biodiversity Record Centre (SxBRC) is collated from the biological recording community in Sussex. However, there are many areas of Sussex where the records held are limited, either spatially or taxonomically. A desktop biodiversity report from the SxBRC will give the user a clear indication of what biological recording has taken place within the area of their enquiry.
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    Microlepidoptera.hu Redigit: Fazekas Imre 5 2012 Microlepidoptera.hu A magyar Microlepidoptera kutatások hírei Hungarian Microlepidoptera News A journal focussed on Hungarian Microlepidopterology Kiadó—Publisher: Regiograf Intézet – Regiograf Institute Szerkesztő – Editor: Fazekas Imre, e‐mail: [email protected] Társszerkesztők – Co‐editors: Pastorális Gábor, e‐mail: [email protected]; Szeőke Kálmán, e‐mail: [email protected] HU ISSN 2062–6738 Microlepidoptera.hu 5: 1–146. http://www.microlepidoptera.hu 2012.12.20. Tartalom – Contents Elterjedés, biológia, Magyarország – Distribution, biology, Hungary Buschmann F.: Kiegészítő adatok Magyarország Zygaenidae faunájához – Additional data Zygaenidae fauna of Hungary (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) ............................... 3–7 Buschmann F.: Két új Tineidae faj Magyarországról – Two new Tineidae from Hungary (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) ......................................................... 9–12 Buschmann F.: Új adatok az Asalebria geminella (Eversmann, 1844) magyarországi előfordulásához – New data Asalebria geminella (Eversmann, 1844) the occurrence of Hungary (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Phycitinae) .................................................................................................. 13–18 Fazekas I.: Adatok Magyarország Pterophoridae faunájának ismeretéhez (12.) Capperia, Gillmeria és Stenoptila fajok új adatai – Data to knowledge of Hungary Pterophoridae Fauna, No. 12. New occurrence of Capperia, Gillmeria and Stenoptilia species (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae) ……………………….