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Eurasian J. Bio. Chem. Sci.) EJBCS Eurasian Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences (Eurasian J. Bio. Chem. Sci.) Cilt:2 Volume: 1 Year: 2019 e-ISSN 2651-5237 Cilt: 2 Volume: 1 Year: 2019 Published Biannually Corresponding Address Gaziantep University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Gaziantep, Turkey E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] Web: http://dergipark.org.tr/ejbcs Editor in Chief Assoc. Prof. Dr. Muhittin DOĞAN Editor (Associate) Dr. Muhammet DOĞAN Editorial Board Prof. Dr. Ali Tuncay ÖZYILMAZ Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Anna PĘKSA Wrocław University, Poland Prof. Dr. Elif LOLOĞLU Gazi University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Hikmet GEÇKİL İnönü University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Issa SHARİFPOUR Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, Iran Prof. Dr. İsmet YILMAZ İnönü University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Osman GÜLNAZ Cukurova University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Osman Selçuk ALDEMİR Adnan Menderes University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Vladimer TSITSISHVILI Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Georgia Prof. Dr. Zeliha SELAMOĞLU Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Elif ÖZTETİK Eskisehir Technical University, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Erol ATAY Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Şenay UĞUR Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Utku AVCI Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Turkey Dr. Ardalan PASDARAN Shiraz University, Iran. Dr. Eva URGEOVÁ The University of St. Cyril and Methodius of Trnava, Slovakia Dr. Mustafa PEHLİVAN Gaziantep University, Turkey Dr. Viera HORVATHOVA Slovak Medical University, Slovakia Language Editor Dr. Demet DOĞAN Gaziantep University, Turkey Technical Editor Dr. Mustafa SEVİNDİK Owner / Publisher Dr. Muhammet DOĞAN This journal is peer-reviewed and published twice (June, December) a year. All responsibility of the articles belongs to the authors. e-ISSN 2651-5237 Eurasian J. Bio. Chem. Sci. 2(1): 1-6, 2019 Eurasian Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences Journal homepage: www.dergipark.gov.tr/ejbcs Fabrication and Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Gelatin/ Silver Nanoparticle Nanocomposite Materials Ayşen Aktürk1,* , Büşra Cenik1 , Zeliha Aydoğdu1 , Melek Erol Taygun1 , Funda Karbancıoğlu Güler2 , Sadriye Küçükbayrak1 1Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey 2 Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey *Corresponding author : [email protected] Received : 30/09/2018 Orcid No: 0000-0003-2880-2999 Accepted : 04/01/2019 Abstract: In this study, nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles were fabricated by electrospinnining. The blends of polyvinyl alcohol as a synthetic polymer and gelatin as a biopolymer were used to fabricate wound dressing material having antibacterial activity. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis indicated that porous and interconnected nanofibrous structures were obtained for all blend compositions. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the existence of silver nanoparticles in the structures. The chemical changes related to crosslinking and the change of the structure in simulated body fluid were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Antibacterial tests were performed to prove the antibacterial activity. The inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP) results showed that controlled silver ion release was achieved. It was concluded that obtained nanofiber mats could be suitable candidates for wound dressing applications Keywords: Silver Nanoparticles, Polyvinyl alcohol, Gelatin, Electrospinning, Wound Dressing © EJBCS. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction upgraded mechanical properties, degradation stability and improved affinity to the cellular components (Shalumon et Tissue engineering has evolved as a combination of al., 2011). In any case, cytotoxic solvents such as 2,2,2- engineering and life sciences principles to enhance tissue trifluoroethanol, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol, functions decades prior. The main direction of tissue trifluoroacetic acid, formic acid and dimethylformamide are engineering is to develop a suitable scaffold to mimic the generally utilized for their electrospinning (Yang et al., extra cellular matrix (Shalumon et al., 2011). Tissue 2011). engineering provides a variety of techniques for scaffold production of which electrospinning is specifically Among the synthetic polymers mentioned above, PVA is noteworthy (Merkle et al., 2015). As of presently so one of a few situations which electrospun in aqueous numerous natural and synthetic polymers as well as their solutions successfully to achieve nanofibrous mats with mixtures have been attempted in this case. A wide robust mechanical properties. As a semi-crystalline, assortment of polymers are utilized in creating scaffolds biocompatible, non-toxic, hydrophilic polymer which has using poly (vinyl alcohol), poly(ethyl oxide), poly(lactic well chemical and thermal stability with incredible acid), poly(glycolic acid), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), electrospinnability, it is one of the appropriate polymers that poly(caprolactone), or natural ones such as collagen, are readily mixed with natural polymers and crosslinked to gelatin, silk, chitin, chitosan, alginate, hyaluronic acid form hydrogels (Fathollahipour et al., 2015; Yang et al., which are natural extracellular matrix (ECM) analogs, due 2011). However, due to inadequate cell recognition sites, to their non-toxicity, improved biocompatibility, cell the bioactivity of PVA is significantly limited (Yang et al., attachment and proliferation ability. In addition, polymers 2011). Having natural plenitude, excellent biocompatibility containing nanoparticles, and even metals and ceramics are and inalienable biodegradability in physiological situations, used to increase cell migration and proliferation (Linh et al., gelatin (GE) has been broadly utilized and contemplated 2010; Shalumon et al., 2011; Yang et al., 2011). Since the with respect to numerous biomedical applications, such as utilize of natural polymers have certain drawbacks like low surgical treatments, bone, skin and cartilage tissue stability, poisonous degradation products which can be engineering, wound or burn dressings (Rujitanaroj et al., destructive to the cells, the natural polymers are regularly 2008; Yang et al., 2011). By combining the advantages of mixed with synthetic polymers. Moreover this have PVA and GE, PVA /GE hybrid scaffolds are expected to A. Aktürk et al. Eurasian J. Bio. Chem. Sci. 2(1): 1-6, 2019 have robust mechanical properties and biocompatibility, 2.4 Antibacterial activity while promising cell adhesion and biodegradability The antibacterial activity of the silver-containing nanofiber properties are achieved. Moreover, pure gelatin nanofibrous mats against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, scaffolds are too delicate to ever be dealt with in practice. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 were investigated by For this reason, hybridization of PVA with gelatin will disk diffusion method. Neat PVA/GE nanofiber mats were significantly increase the flexibility of gelatinous scaffolds utilized as controls. Nanofiber mats were cut into disc with (Yang et al., 2011). The scaffold material in our study is a diameter of 30 mm and the crosslinking process was applied mixture of a PVA and a GE nanofiber obtained by one-step on them. Crosslinked nanofiber mats were sterilized under electrospinning as a wound dressing material. UV light for 2 hours (each for 1 hour). The bacteria were Various investigations have been carried out with silver grown in TSB by incubation for 24 hours at 37 ° C. Then, salts and silver compounds showing them as promising bacterial concentrations of E. coli and S. aureus were set at materials for wound management. With regard to the 106 CFU / mL and at that point 100 μL of this bacterial antimicrobial action, Ag salts and Ag compounds have been suspension was spread to the TSA. Sterilized nanofiber utilized as wound treatments in various physical shapes, mats were put on the inoculated TSA. After incubation at such as beads, gels, films and fibers (Chun et al., 2010). For 37 °C for 24 hours, the antibacterial properties of the this reason, Ag NPs / polymer composites, which function nanofiber mats were assessed by the formation of inhibition as a bactericide, have been applied to complicated cases of zones around the nanofiber mats diameter on each infected burns, purulent wounds and wound healing matrix inoculated plate. All analyzes were performed in triplicate (Nguyen et al., 2010). In this study, microwave-assisted for each nanofiber mat. synthesis was performed to obtain soluble starch coated 2.4 Characterization of nanocomposite fiber mats silver nanoparticles as colloidal solution and at that point this solution was blended with PVA/GE polymer solution to The surface morphology and microstructure of the fabricate a novel wound dressing material displaying nanocomposite fiber mats before and after immersion in antibacterial activity. SBF were observed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Before the observation, the surfaces of scaffolds 2. Materials and Method were sputter coated (SC7620 sputter coater, Quorum 2.1 Materials Technologies Ltd, United Kingdom) with platinum for 120 s. For each experiment, the average fiber diameter and its Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, 95.5-96.5 % hydrolyzed, 85000- standard deviation were analyzed by the
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