WATER CHEMISTRY CONTINUING EDUCATION PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT COURSE 1St Edition
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Reviews Chemie
Angewandte Reviews Chemie International Edition:DOI:10.1002/anie.201711735 Phosphorus FlameRetardants German Edition:DOI:10.1002/ange.201711735 Molecular Firefighting—HowModern Phosphorus Chemistry Can Help Solvethe Challenge of Flame Retardancy Maria M. Velencoso+,Alexander Battig+,Jens C. Markwart+,BernhardSchartel, and Frederik R. Wurm* Keywords: biomacromolecules · flame retardants · nanocomposites · phosphorus · polymers Angewandte Chemie 10450 www.angewandte.org 2018 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim Angew.Chem.Int. Ed. 2018, 57,10450 –10467 Angewandte Reviews Chemie The ubiquity of polymeric materials in daily life comes with an From the Contents increased fire risk, and sustained researchinto efficient flame retard- ants is key to ensuring the safety of the populace and material goods 1. The Challenge of Flame Retardancy—Demands of from accidental fires.Phosphorus,aversatile and effective element for aGood Flame Retardant 10451 use in flame retardants,has the potential to supersede the halogenated variants that are still widely used today:current formulations employ 2. Phosphate Rock—A Finite avariety of modes of action and methods of implementation, as Natural Resource 10454 additives or as reactants,tosolve the task of developing flame- 3. Recent Developments in retarding polymeric materials.Phosphorus-based flame retardants can Reactive Phosphorus act in both the gas and condensed phase during afire.This Review Compounds 10456 investigates howcurrent phosphorus chemistry helps in reducing the flammability of polymers,and addresses the future of sustainable, 4. Recent Developments in Additive Phosphorus efficient, and safe phosphorus-based flame-retardants from renewable Compounds 10458 sources. 5. Modern Trends and the Future of Phosphorus-Based Flame 1. -
Germane Facts About Germanium Sesquioxide: I. Chemistry and Anticancer Properties
THE JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE Volume 10, Number 2, 2004, pp. 337–344 ©Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Germane Facts About Germanium Sesquioxide: I. Chemistry and Anticancer Properties BONNIEJ. KAPLAN, Ph.D., 1 W. WESLEYPARISH, Ph.D., 2 G. MERRILLANDRUS, Ph.D., 2 J. STEVENA. SIMPSON, Ph.D., M.D., 3 and CATHERINEJ. FIELD, Ph.D., R.D. 4 ABSTRACT This paper reviews the history, chemistry, safety, toxicity, and anticancer effects of the organogermanium compound bis (2-carboxyethylgermanium) sesquioxide (CEGS). A companion review follows, discussing the inaccuracies in the scientific record that have prematurely terminated research on clinical uses of CEGS. CEGS is a unique organogermanium compound first made by Mironov and coworkers in Russia and, shortly there- after, popularized by Asai and his colleagues in Japan. Low concentrations of germanium occur in nearly all soils, plants and animal life; natural occurrence of the CEGS form is postulated but not yet demonstrated. The literature demonstrating its anticancer effect is particularly strong: CEGS induces interferon- g (IFN-g), en- hances natural killer cell activity, and inhibits tumor and metastatic growth—effects often detectable after a single oral dose. In addition, oral consumption of CEGS is readily assimilated and rapidly cleared from the body without evidence of toxicity. Given these findings, the absence of human clinical trials of CEGS is un- expected. Possible explanations of why the convincing findings from animal research have not been used to support clinical trials are discussed. Clinical trials on CEGS are recommended. INTRODUCTION bispropionic acid; 3-oxygermylpropionic acid polymer; poly- trans-(2-carboxyethyl) germasesquioxane); proxigerma- n general, dietary supplements are an underinvestigated nium; repagermanium; and Serocion. -
Enhancing the Hardness of Superhard Transition-Metal Borides: Molybdenum-Doped Tungsten Tetraboride † ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Reza Mohammadi,*, Christopher L
Article pubs.acs.org/cm Enhancing the Hardness of Superhard Transition-Metal Borides: Molybdenum-Doped Tungsten Tetraboride † ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Reza Mohammadi,*, Christopher L. Turner, Miao Xie, Michael T. Yeung, Andrew T. Lech, ‡ § ∥ ‡ § ∥ Sarah H. Tolbert, , , and Richard B. Kaner*, , , † Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States ‡ § ∥ Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States ABSTRACT: By creation of solid solutions of the recently explored low- cost superhard boride, tungsten tetraboride (WB4), the hardness can be increased. To illustrate this concept, various concentrations of molybdenum − (Mo) in WB4, that is, W1−xMoxB4 (x = 0.00 0.50), were systematically synthesized by arc melting from the pure elements. The as-synthesized samples were characterized using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) for elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase identification, Vickers microindentation for hardness testing, and thermal gravimetric analysis for determining the thermal stability limit. While the EDS analysis confirmed the elemental purity of the samples, the XRD results indicated that Mo is completely soluble in WB4 over the entire concentration range studied (0−50 at. %) without forming a second phase. When 3 at. % Mo is added to WB4, Vickers hardness values increased by about 15% from 28.1 ± 1.4 to 33.4 ± 0.9 GPa under an applied load of 4.90 N and from 43.3 ± 2.9 to 50.3 ± 3.2 GPa under an applied load of 0.49 N. -
Organic Chemistry. T
View Article Online / Journal Homepage / Table of Contents for this issue i. 369 Organic Chemistry. Nature of the Kolbe Electrochemical Synthesis of Hydrocarbons. FH. FICHTERand EDUARDKRUMMENAUHEH (Helvetica Chim. A cia, 1918, 1, 146-166).-The authors discuss the two theories put forward to explain the' mechanism of the Kolbe hydrocarbon synthesis, and draw the conclusion that the oxidation thsory is more in accord with fact than the theory based on the ionic hypothesis. It is shown that peroxides are produced by electrochemical oxidation, on platinum anodes, of solutions of saturated fatty acids and their salts. Since them peroxides may be produced by the action of hydrogen peroxide on aci6 anhydrides, it is to be assumed that the separation of the anhydride is the first step in the hydrocarbon synthesis. The anhydride is then anodic- ally oxidised, with the formation of a very unstable peroxide. The peroxide is then decomposed by the relatively high tempera- ture of the anode, with the formation of the hydrocarbon, thus: R*CO,Na + (RCO),-0 + 0 + (RCO),*O = 0 + R*R+ 2CO,, or a side reaction may also occur, thus: (R*CO),O=O 4 R-CO,*R + CO,. When th? peroxides are decomposed by heat, there is also a considerable amount of methane produced in addition to the expected hydrocarbon. These considerations are adapted to the formation and decom- position of organic peracids. Organic peracids m:by be prepared by the action of hydrogen peroxide on both acids and anhydrides, consequently the formation of these substances electrolytically on the, anode does not necessarily demand the intermediary formation Published on 01 January 1918. -
Permanent Flame Retardant Finishing of Textiles by the Photochemical Immobilization of Polyphosphazenes
Permanent Flame Retardant Finishing of Textiles by the Photochemical Immobilization of Polyphosphazenes Opwis K. 1, *, Mayer-Gall T. 1,2 , Gutmann J.S. 1,2 1 Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, Adlerstr. 1, Krefeld, Germany 2 University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, D-45117 Essen, Germany *Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] ABSTRACT UV-based grafting processes are appropriate tools to improve the surface properties of textile materials without changing the bulk. Based on our previous investigations on the photochemical immobilization of vinyl phosphonic acid, here, a new photochemical method for a permanent flame retardant finishing of textiles is described using allyl-modified linear polyphosphazenes and derivatives. Exemplarily, we show results on the flame-retardant finishing of cotton and cotton/PET blends with allyl polyphosphazene. We used the terminal allyl group for the photo-induced coupling of allyl polyphosphazene on textile substrates. Using our UV technology 20 to 40 weight percent of the functionalized polyphosphazenes can be fixed covalently to different textile substrates. We observed a slight decrease of the fixed polyphosphazene amount after the first washing cycle indicating the removal of non-bonded molecules. After this initial washing step the add-on is stable. Even after six laundering cycles the modified material withstands various standardized flammability tests. In summary, photochemical treatments allow the permanent surface modification of natural and synthetic fibers by irradiating with UV light in the presence of reactive media. We have successfully demonstrated that these procedures are appropriate for the fixation of flame retardants as well. Polyphosphazene modified textiles show high levels of flame retardant performance even after several textile laundering cycles. -
1 Abietic Acid R Abrasive Silica for Polishing DR Acenaphthene M (LC
1 abietic acid R abrasive silica for polishing DR acenaphthene M (LC) acenaphthene quinone R acenaphthylene R acetal (see 1,1-diethoxyethane) acetaldehyde M (FC) acetaldehyde-d (CH3CDO) R acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal CH acetaldoxime R acetamide M (LC) acetamidinium chloride R acetamidoacrylic acid 2- NB acetamidobenzaldehyde p- R acetamidobenzenesulfonyl chloride 4- R acetamidodeoxythioglucopyranose triacetate 2- -2- -1- -β-D- 3,4,6- AB acetamidomethylthiazole 2- -4- PB acetanilide M (LC) acetazolamide R acetdimethylamide see dimethylacetamide, N,N- acethydrazide R acetic acid M (solv) acetic anhydride M (FC) acetmethylamide see methylacetamide, N- acetoacetamide R acetoacetanilide R acetoacetic acid, lithium salt R acetobromoglucose -α-D- NB acetohydroxamic acid R acetoin R acetol (hydroxyacetone) R acetonaphthalide (α)R acetone M (solv) acetone ,A.R. M (solv) acetone-d6 RM acetone cyanohydrin R acetonedicarboxylic acid ,dimethyl ester R acetonedicarboxylic acid -1,3- R acetone dimethyl acetal see dimethoxypropane 2,2- acetonitrile M (solv) acetonitrile-d3 RM acetonylacetone see hexanedione 2,5- acetonylbenzylhydroxycoumarin (3-(α- -4- R acetophenone M (LC) acetophenone oxime R acetophenone trimethylsilyl enol ether see phenyltrimethylsilyl... acetoxyacetone (oxopropyl acetate 2-) R acetoxybenzoic acid 4- DS acetoxynaphthoic acid 6- -2- R 2 acetylacetaldehyde dimethylacetal R acetylacetone (pentanedione -2,4-) M (C) acetylbenzonitrile p- R acetylbiphenyl 4- see phenylacetophenone, p- acetyl bromide M (FC) acetylbromothiophene 2- -5- -
The Photochemistry of Some Acyclic Ketones Containing a Silicon Or a Tin Atom
University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Summer 1965 THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF SOME ACYCLIC KETONES CONTAINING A SILICON OR A TIN ATOM PERRY LESTER MAXFIELD Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation MAXFIELD, PERRY LESTER, "THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF SOME ACYCLIC KETONES CONTAINING A SILICON OR A TIN ATOM" (1965). Doctoral Dissertations. 816. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/816 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 6 6-5974 MAXFIELD, Perry Lester, 1933- THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF SOME ACYCLIC KETONES CONTAINING A SILICON OR A TIN ATOM. University of New Hampshire, Ph.D., 1965 Chemistry, organic University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF SOME ACYCLIC KETONES CONTAINING A SILICON OR A TIN ATOM BY PERRY LESTER MAXFIELD B. S., Brigham Young University, 1961 A THESIS Submitted to the University of New Hampshire In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate School Department of Chemistry August, 1964 This thesis has been examined and approved. Date ACKNOWLEDGMENT I wish to express my gratitude to the Department of Chemistry of the University of New Hampshire for the help and guidance which I have received during my stay here. Acknowledg ment is also due the United States Department of Health, Edu cation, and Welfare for a National Defense Education Fellow ship which has been so helpful in financing the three years of study. -
Removal of 2, 4-Dinitrophenol by Ferrate
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2008 Removal Of 2, 4-dinitrophenol By Ferrate Gianna Cooley University of Central Florida Part of the Environmental Engineering Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Cooley, Gianna, "Removal Of 2, 4-dinitrophenol By Ferrate" (2008). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 3619. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/3619 REMOVAL OF 2, 4-DINITROPHENOL BY FERRATE by GIANNA GRIFFITH COOLEY B.S. Loyola Univeristy New Orleans, 2002 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Environmental Engineering in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering in the College of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2008 Major Professor: Debra R. Reinhart © 2008 Gianna Griffith Cooley ii ABSTRACT VI 2- Ferrate (molecular formula, Fe O4 ) has been studied increasingly since the 1970s as a disinfectant and coagulant for domestic wastewater and also as an oxidant for industrial wastewaters (Murmann and Roginson, 1974, Gilbert et al., 1978, Kazama, 1994, Jiang et al., 2002, and Sharmaet al., 2005). This research was performed to explore whether ferrate could possibly be used as chemical treatment for industrial wastewaters from plastic, chemical, dye, soap, and wood stain producing plants that contain 2, 4-Dinitrophenol (DNP). -
Wo 2010/141206 A2
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date 9 December 2010 (09.12.2010) WO 2010/141206 A2 (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every B24D 11/00 (2006.01) B24B 27/06 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, B23D 61/18 (2006.01) B24D 3/00 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, (21) International Application Number: DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, PCT/US2010/035227 HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, (22) International Filing Date: KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, 18 May 2010 (18.05.2010) ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, (25) Filing Language: English SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, (26) Publication Language: English TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (30) Priority Data: 61/184,479 5 June 2009 (05.06.2009) US kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): AP¬ ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, PLIED MATERIALS, INC. -
Underactive Thyroid
Underactive Thyroid PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Thu, 21 Jun 2012 14:27:58 UTC Contents Articles Thyroid 1 Hypothyroidism 14 Nutrition 22 B vitamins 47 Vitamin E 53 Iodine 60 Selenium 75 Omega-6 fatty acid 90 Borage 94 Tyrosine 97 Phytotherapy 103 Fucus vesiculosus 107 Commiphora wightii 110 Nori 112 Desiccated thyroid extract 116 References Article Sources and Contributors 121 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 124 Article Licenses License 126 Thyroid 1 Thyroid thyroid Thyroid and parathyroid. Latin glandula thyroidea [1] Gray's subject #272 1269 System Endocrine system Precursor Thyroid diverticulum (an extension of endoderm into 2nd Branchial arch) [2] MeSH Thyroid+Gland [3] Dorlands/Elsevier Thyroid gland The thyroid gland or simply, the thyroid /ˈθaɪrɔɪd/, in vertebrate anatomy, is one of the largest endocrine glands. The thyroid gland is found in the neck, below the thyroid cartilage (which forms the laryngeal prominence, or "Adam's apple"). The isthmus (the bridge between the two lobes of the thyroid) is located inferior to the cricoid cartilage. The thyroid gland controls how quickly the body uses energy, makes proteins, and controls how sensitive the body is to other hormones. It participates in these processes by producing thyroid hormones, the principal ones being triiodothyronine (T ) and thyroxine which can sometimes be referred to as tetraiodothyronine (T ). These hormones 3 4 regulate the rate of metabolism and affect the growth and rate of function of many other systems in the body. T and 3 T are synthesized from both iodine and tyrosine. -
Physical Sciences Applications 09:00 - 12:00 Thursday, 26Th November, 2020 Track Physical Sciences Applications Presentation Type Oral Presentation
Physical Sciences Applications 09:00 - 12:00 Thursday, 26th November, 2020 Track Physical Sciences Applications Presentation type Oral Presentation 09:00 - 09:15 192 Quantifying ordering phenomena in lanthanum barium ferrate at the atomic scale Judith Lammer1, Christian Berger2, Stefan Löffler3, Daniel Knez1, Paolo Longo4, Edith Bucher2, Gerald Kothleitner1, Andreas Egger2, Rotraut Merkle5, Werner Sitte2, Joachim Maier5, Werner Grogger1 1Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis (FELMI), Graz University of Technology & Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy (ZFE), Graz, Austria. 2Chair of Physical Chemistry, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Leoben, Austria. 3University Service Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy (USTEM), TU Wien, Vienna, Austria. 4Gatan Inc., Pleasanton, USA. 5Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany Abstract Text Within this abstract we present a high-resolution chemical analysis of the second order Ruddlesden-Popper phase Ba1.1La1.9Fe2O7 using EDX and EELS in STEM, as well as simulations for quantifying the lanthanum and barium concentration on each atom column. Lanthanum barium ferrates have auspicious properties as triple conducting oxides (proton-, oxygen ion- and electron-conducting) and therefore are promising new materials for future applications in protonic ceramic fuel cells, electrolyser cells or membranes for hydrogen separation [1]. However, mass and charge transport as well as defect chemistry are only partially understood at this point. These properties are influenced by the -
The Measurements of Boron Concentration Rate in Water Using Curcumin Method and Ssntds Techniques
Available online a t www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Pelagia Research Library Advances in Applied Science Research, 2013, 4(1):105-112 ISSN: 0976-8610 CODEN (USA): AASRFC The measurements of boron concentration rate in water using curcumin method and SSNTDs Techniques *Thaer. M. Salman and Muntadher. A. Qasim Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT A technical method has been used two sets of experimental works in the measurements of Boron concentrations in water. The first measurement is by using curcumin method and the second is the passive method by using the solid state nuclear track detectors, CR39. Tap water in the governorate, has a very low Boron concentration 0.355 ppm atAl-Bedeah river, Al-Jzeera AlOula, did show a Boron level as high as 7.405 ppm at east governorate, while the waters have Boron level ranging between 7.785mg/l and 0.638 mg/l in curcumin method .A conclusion has been made, that Basra governorate tap water is safe as far as Boron concentration is concerned , while the rivers waters should be avoided. The high concentration tells us that pollutant in this part of city is larger than the other parts. Samples of water were collected during April 2011, from all locations in Basra City. Keywords : Neutron Source, Boron, Curcumin, SSNTD, Drinking water. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) of different materials are i mportant for investigations in basic science and tech nology [1] .Among such applications, SSNTDs are widely used in radiation protection and environmental radiation monitoring .