DOCSLIB.ORG

Hosts and Guests Revisited: Tourism Issues of the 21St Century

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hosts and Guests Revisited: Tourism Issues of the 21St Century Hosts and Guests Revisited: Tourism Issues of the 21st Century Co-Edited by Valene L. Smith and Maryann Brent Department of Anthropology California State University Chico, CA 95929-0400,USA IUPUI UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 755 W. MICHIGAN STREET INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5195 Hosts and Guests Revisited: Tourism Issues of the 21st Century Copyright © Cognizant Communication Corporation 2001 No pact of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without permission in writing from the publisher. The publisher and the publisher's agents represent that the data provided were formulated with a reasonable standard of care. Except for this representation, the publisher makes no representation or warranties, ex­ pressed or implied. Cognizant Communication Offices: U.S.A. 3 Hartsdale Road, Elmsford, New York 10523-3 701 Australia P.O. Box 352 Cammer<1y, NWS, 2062 . Japan c/o OBS T's Bldg. 3F, 1-38-11 Matsubara, Setagaya-ku,Tokyo library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hosts and guests revisited: tourism issues of the 21st century / coedited by Valene L. Smith and Maryann Brent. p. cm. (Tourism dynamics) Includes bibliographical references (p. ). ISBN Hl82345-28-2 (Hard bound). - ISBN I-882345-29-0 (pbk.) I. Tourism. 2. Tourism - Social aspects. I. Smith, Valene L. II. Brent, Maryann, 1944- ll. Series. Gl55.Al H67 2001 338.4'791-dc21 § 2001042292 Printed in the United States ofAmerica Printing: I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IO Year: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry, and narrow-mindedness, and many of our people need it sorely on these accounts. Broad, wholesome charitable views of men and things cannot be acquired by vegetating in one little corner of the earth all one's lifetime. -Mark Twain, The Innocents Abroad, 1869 Contents Preface xv Introduction 1 Valene L. Smith and Maryann Brent Anthropology and Tourism Indigenous Peoples and the Ethnographic Present The Study ofTourism Economic Growth and Impacts of Tourism "Tourism Needs More Respect":The Statistical Dimension WTO Tourism Satellite Accounts Economic Value Versus Sustainability SECTION 1: STONE AGE TO STAR TREK Chapter 1. Stone Age to Star Trek 15 Valene L. Smith Definitions ofTourism Tourism Elements Tourism Through Time Global Trends Summary Chapter 2. The Scientification of Tourism 28 ]afar Jafari Evolution of Thought on Tourism The Scientification ofTourism Training and Education The Awaiting Future Chapter 3. Secular Ritual: A General Theory of Tourism 42 Nelson H. H. Graburn Tourism: Rituals of Reversal Tourism, Ritual, and Time iii iv Contents The Structure of Ritual and Tourism Entries and Exits The Tourist Experience: Liminality and Communitas Variations on a Theme: Different Strokes for Different Folks Plus t,;a Change, Plus c'est la Meme Chose (The MoreThings Change, the More It's the Same Thing) SECTION 2: NATURE OF TOURISM Chapter 4. The Nature of Tourism 53 Valene L. Smith Tourist Motivations Research Interests Academic Motivational Research Tourist Classifications Tourism in Perspective Case Studies Chapter 5. Gambling Into the 21st Century 69 Charles R Urbanowicz Background Competition The Effect of Communication Technology Sources of Gambling Symptomatic of the Times? Meeting the Competitive Challenge: Las Vegas Conclusions Chapter 6. Pale Skin on Playa del Anywhere: Finnish Tourists in the Liminoid South 80 Tom Seliinniemi Playa del Ingles The Southbound Masses A Diary: Days in Playa del Ingles Ambiguous Places at Curious Times The Liminoid South Conclusions Chapter 7. Time and Space: Atlantic City in 1886 93 Maryann Brent Context Contents v Time: Atlantic City Heyday, 1886 Space: Selected Atlantic City Land Uses in 1886 Discussion Conclusion SECTION 3: CHANGES AND IMPACTS Chapter 8. Tourism Change' and Impacts 107 Valene L. Smith Tourism: Blessing or Blight? Tourist Culture: Bridging the Gap Between Resources and Consumer The 4 H's ofTourism: Habitat, History, Heritage, and Handicrafts Psychographics:The Five Generations Psychographic Evaluation:The Five Generations Looking Ahead Case Studies Chapter 9. Tourism on the Maya Periphery 122 Oriol Pi-Sunyer, R. Brooke Thomas, and Magali Daltabuit The Development of Quintana Roo Mexico and the Price of Progress Tourism Development in Yucatan The Maya and Marginality The Elements of Social Change Conclusions Chapter 10. Power and Ethnicity in "Paradise": Boracay, Philippines 141 Valene L. Smith Filipino Heritage Boracay:The Development of To'llrism Boracay Compared: 1986 and 1996 Power and Ethnicity Tourism Culture and the Prod'uct Life Cycle Conclusions Chapter 11. Wilderness Tourism in Zimbabwe 153 Robin Heath The Resource Base National Parks and SafariAreas Recreational Parks vi Contents Sanctuaries, Botanical Reserves, and Botanical Gardens The Growth of Foreign Tourism to Zimbabwe Tourism Within the Parks and Wildlife Estate Safari Operators and Professional Hunters Wildlife-Based Tourism Benefits for the Rural Economy Pricing Policies and Domestic Tourism Regional Development Conclusions Chapter 12. Pamukkale: Turkish Homestay Tourism 161 Anne Marie Van Broeck Background Methodology Perceptions of the Kaya Family The Entrepreneurial Spirit The Impact on Family Life The Social Position of Women Relationships Between Villagers and Female Tourists Community Bonds Declining Hospitality-Rising Commercialism Changes in Food, Clothing, and Lifestyle Elders and Tourism Tourism as the Cause of Observed Changes Conclusions Chapter 13. Tourism in the Fjords and Mountains of Western Norway 175 Roel Puijk Tourism in the 19th Century Host and Guest Relations Towards a NewTourist Structure Tourist-Related Activities Local Tourist Initiatives Tourism at Finse Conflicts Between Finse and Ulvik Conclusion SECTION 4: SUSTAINABILITY Chapter 14. Sustainability 187 Valene L. Smith Sustainable Tourism Contents vii The Historical Roots of Sustainability Task Forces and Guidelines The Challenge of Sustainability Other Industry Initiatives Ecotourism: Benefits and Costs Heritage Tourism Heritage and Authenticity Heritage Tourism and Indigenous Peoples Conclusion Case Studies Chapter 15. Tourism as a Protective Barrier for Old Order Amish and Mennonite Communities 201 Michael Fagence The Anabaptist Communities Tourism Interest in the Anabaptists Intrusion, Invasion, Exploitation Outcomes of Invasion, Intrusion, Exploitation The Focal Concentrations of Tourist Activity Tourism Planning to Provide Protection Conclusion Chapter 16. Tourism to the Anne Frank House 210 Rudi Hartmann New Challenges in the 1990s The Anne Frank House: From a "Secret Annex" to a Showcase Historic Site Visitors to the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam 1960-1998 Holocaust Memorials: Individual Experiences or Group Fates? Chapter 17. Ethnic Doll Ethics: Tourism Research in Southwest China 217 Margaret Byrne Swain Tourism and the Sani Yi in Yunnan, China Sani Handicraft Production Making Dolls Doll Makers Doll Issues Issues in Indigenous Tourist Arts Ethical Issues Conclusions viii Contents Chapter 18. Marine Tourism and Environmental Management on the Great Barrier Reef 232 Steven Parker Reef Tourism Management Tools Enforcement and Implementation Industry Self-Regulation Research Conclusion Chapter 19. Appropriate Tourism Impact Assessment: A Case Study of Kaniki Point Resort, Palawan, Philippines 242 William J Trousdale Tourism, Impacts, and the Developing World ImpactAssessment:Trends and Opportunities ATIA as a Practical Alternative Using an Active Approach The Kaniki Point Resort Case Study General Impacts and Regional Planning Enhancement, Mitigation, and Management Responses Conclusions Chapter 20. Sustainability and Pilgrimage Tourism in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal 257 Trevor H.B. Sofield Empowerment Pilgrimage Heritage and Social Identity The UNDP Partnership for Quality Tourism Program The Indigenous Newar Community of Kathmandu Vally Svayambhunath and Changu Narayan Institution Building at Svayambhunath Changu Narayan and the PQTP Decentralization and Dissonance at Changu Narayan SECTION 5: CULTURE BROKERS Chapter 21. The Culture Brokers 275 Valene L. Smith Marginal Men and Women The Culture Brokers Conclusion Contents ix Case Studies Chapter 22. Where Asia Wore a Smile: Lessons of Philippine Tourism Development 283 Linda Richter The Lessons of the Marcos Era: 1965-1986 Learning the Lessons, Picking up the Pieces: Tourism Policy in the Aquino and Ramos Administration Conclusions Chapter 23. Putting "Culture" Into Sustainable Tourism: Negotiating Tourism at Lake Balaton, Hungary 298 JM. Tim Wallace Definig Tourist Destinations: Guests Versus Hosts Negotiating a Definition of a Tourist Destination Lake Balaton:The Hungarian Sea Early History The Beginning of Balaton Tourism From the Adriatic sea to the Hungarian Sea Balaton From the 1980s The Ebb and Flow of Water Quality Issues in Balaton Tourism Tourism in the K.is-Balaton More Cracks in the Negotiation Conclusion: Processing and Sustaining Tourism Chapter 24. The Legend of Robin Hood: Myth, Inauthenticity, and Tourism Development in Nottingham, England 315 Myra Shackley The Legend of Robin Hood Myths and Heritage Tourism Nottingham and Robin Hood Does Authenticity Matter? Chapter 25. European Union Cross-Border Cooperation: A New Tourism Dimension 323 Friedrich M. Zimmermann The Research Team European Union Regional Policy and Tourism Development The Historical Dimension of the Three Borders Area Tourism Attractions Focusing on Culture and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Heart of Ontario Regional Tourism Strategy
    Hamilton Halton Brant Regional Tourism Association (RTO 3) Regional Tourism Strategy Update 2015-2018 November 2014 1 Millier Dickinson Blais: RTO 3 Regional Tourism Strategy Review Final Report Contents 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... 4 2 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 HHBRTA ORGANIZATION 7 2.1.1 DESTINATION VISITOR EXPERIENCE BRANDING 8 2.1.2 PREVIOUS WORK 9 3 SECTOR ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................ 20 3.1 TOURISM – A GLOBAL DRIVER 20 3.1.1 GLOBAL TOURISM TRENDS TO WATCH 21 3.2 THE CANADIAN TOURISM CONTEXT 23 3.2.1 CANADIAN TOURISM MARKETS 24 3.2.2 ABORIGINAL TOURISM IN CANADA 25 3.3 TOURISM IN THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO 26 3.3.1 PROVINCIAL VISITOR TRENDS 27 3.3.2 ONTARIO TOURISM CHALLENGES 28 3.3.3 ARTS AND CULTURE 28 3.4 RTO 3 REGION VISITOR TRENDS 29 3.4.1 TOURISM METRICS BY CENSUS DIVISION 33 3.4.2 NEIGHBOURING RTO COMPARATIVE STATISTICS 36 3.4.3 VISITOR FAMILIARITY AND INTEREST IN ONTARIO’S RTO’S 39 3.5 ACCOMMODATIONS SECTOR REVIEW 41 4 CONSULTATIONS ................................................................................................................ 47 4.1 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS 47 4.1.1 BRANT 47 4.1.2 HALTON 48 4.1.3 HAMILTON 49 4.1.4 SIX NATIONS 50 4.1.5 ACCOMMODATION SECTOR ONLINE SURVEY 51 4.1.6 DESTINATIONS MARKETING ORGANIZATIONS
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Souvenir Purchase As an Important Medium for Sustainable Development in Rural Tourism: the Case Study in Dahu, Mioli County, Taiwan
    2009 National Extension Tourism (NET) Conference The use of souvenir purchase as an important medium for sustainable development in rural tourism: The case study in Dahu, Mioli county, Taiwan Tzuhui A. Tseng, Ph. D. Assistant Professor, Department of Regional Studies in Humanity and Social Sciences, National Hsinchu University of Education, Taiwan David Y. Chang, Ph. D. Associate Professor, School of Hotel & Restaurant Management, University of South Florida Ching-Cheng Shen, Ph. D. Associate Professor, The Graduate School of Travel Management, National Kaohsiung Hospitality College Outline • Introduction • Literature review • RhdiResearch design • Result • Conclusion and suggestion Graburn (1977) stated that very few visitors would not bring back anything to showoff their trip after coming back from a vacation. Int r oduction Introduction • Souvenir becomes destination or attraction – Tourists not only come visit for its special local scenery or cultural activity, but sometimes for its spppecial local product as well. – It is a very common custom for Taiwanese tourists to purchase local souvenirs as gifts to bring back to friends and family. • Souvenir bring big economy – Turner and Reisinger (2000) indicated that tourists spent 2/3 of their total cost on shopp in g when t ra ve ling dom esti call y, an d 1/5 o f t he tota l cost w en t in to sh oppin g when traveling internationally. – Shopping is a main or secondary factor for traveling, and is very important to tourists. it often is an important factor for whether a trip is successful. • Niche tourism or Special interest tourism – There are not many related studies on souvenir purchasing in recent years.
    [Show full text]
  • Gifts and Commodities (Second Edition)
    GIFTS AND COMMODITIES Hau BOOKS Executive Editor Giovanni da Col Managing Editor Sean M. Dowdy Editorial Board Anne-Christine Taylor Carlos Fausto Danilyn Rutherford Ilana Gershon Jason Throop Joel Robbins Jonathan Parry Michael Lempert Stephan Palmié www.haubooks.com GIFTS AND COMMODITIES (SECOND EditIon) C. A. Gregory Foreword by Marilyn Strathern New Preface by the Author Hau Books Chicago © 2015 by C. A. Gregory and Hau Books. First Edition © 1982 Academic Press, London. All rights reserved. Cover and layout design: Sheehan Moore Typesetting: Prepress Plus (www.prepressplus.in) ISBN: 978-0-9905050-1-3 LCCN: 2014953483 Hau Books Chicago Distribution Center 11030 S. Langley Chicago, IL 60628 www.haubooks.com Hau Books is marketed and distributed by The University of Chicago Press. www.press.uchicago.edu Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper. For Judy, Polly, and Melanie. Contents Foreword by Marilyn Strathern xi Preface to the first edition xv Preface to the second edition xix Acknowledgments liii Introduction lv PART ONE: CONCEPTS I. THE COmpETING THEOriES 3 Political economy 3 The theory of commodities 3 The theory of gifts 9 Economics 19 The theory of modern goods 19 The theory of traditional goods 22 II. A framEWORK OF ANALYSIS 25 The general relation of production to consumption, distribution, and exchange 26 Marx and Lévi-Strauss on reproduction 26 A simple illustrative example 30 The definition of particular economies 32 viii GIFTS AND COMMODITIES III.FTS GI AND COMMODITIES: CIRCULATION 39 The direct exchange of things 40 The social status of transactors 40 The social status of objects 41 The spatial aspect of exchange 44 The temporal dimension of exchange 46 Value and rank 46 The motivation of transactors 50 The circulation of things 55 Velocity of circulation 55 Roads of gift-debt 57 Production and destruction 59 The circulation of people 62 Work-commodities 62 Work-gifts 62 Women-gifts 63 Classificatory kinship terms and prices 68 Circulation and distribution 69 IV.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Importance of Strong Reciprocity in the Greater Caribbean
    Journal of Caribbean Archaeology Copyright 2010 ISSN 1524-4776 SOMETHING FOR NOTHING: EXPLORING THE IMPORTANCE OF STRONG RECIPROCITY IN THE GREATER CARIBBEAN Angus A. A. Mol Faculty of Archaeology Leiden University P.O. Box 9515 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands [email protected] Abstract When discussing exchange in the archaeological record, this often entails a prehistory of exchange that is focused on the economic or the political aspect of exchanges. These par- ticular views very often suppose a direct quid-pro-quo attitude to exchanges. Although direct reciprocity was no doubt important for the constitution of pre-Columbian sociality, many other social strategies are available that were at least as important. This article focuses on the possible role of strong reciprocity in pan-Caribbean interactions. This entails that ob- jects and concepts should not be only considered for their value as exchange valuables in an economic or ideological sense, but also from their ability to create material manifestations of social strategies and their resulting relations. This position will be illuminated by a case- study taken from Melanesian ethnography and Caribbean archaeology. Résumé Lorsque l’on traite des échanges dans les travaux archéologiques, il est généralement fait référence à une préhistoire des échanges centrée sur les seuls aspects économiques ou poli- tiques. Ce point de vue implique très souvent une attitude de contrepartie directe dans les échanges. Bien que la réciprocité directe occupât sans doute une place importante dans la constitution de la sociabilité précolombienne, beaucoup d’autres stratégies sociales, au moins aussi importantes, étaient envisageables. Cet article se concentre sur le possible rôle de la réciprocité stricte dans les interactions pan-caribéenne.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism and Place in Treasure Beach, Jamaica: Imagining Paradise and the Alternative. Michael J
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1999 Tourism and Place in Treasure Beach, Jamaica: Imagining Paradise and the Alternative. Michael J. Hawkins Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Hawkins, Michael J., "Tourism and Place in Treasure Beach, Jamaica: Imagining Paradise and the Alternative." (1999). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 7044. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/7044 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bteedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
    [Show full text]
  • Study on Characteristics and Development Countermeasure of Tourist Market in Heilongjiang Province Under the Background Of
    2019 5th International Conference on Economics and Management (ICEM 2019) ISBN: 978-1-60595-634-3 Study on Characteristics and Development Countermeasure of Tourist Market in Heilongjiang Province under the Background of "Internet +" Xiao-Yang LI1,a and Jing YANG1,b 1School of Tourism and Cuisine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China [email protected],[email protected] Keywords: "Internet +", Tourism Market, Characteristic, Development Countermeasures, Heilongjiang Province. Abstract. Across the industry convergence of “the Internet + travel” has become an important path to promote the development of tourism. In the process of tourism development, tourist market in Heilongjiang province has formed a distinct characteristics, strengths and weaknesses are clear. Must foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, give full play to the support and drawing function of the Internet, increase the government's support, in market supervision, marketing, product development, etc, to take positive and effective countermeasures. Introduction At present, people’s dependence on the Internet and mobile terminals is more and more big, consumer behavior has a fundamental change, the Internet consumption becomes one of the main methods of mass consumption. The tourism market is same. 2017 Chinese online travel market deals size is of about 828.6 billion yuan, year-on-year growth is 35%[1]. Practice has proved that the Internet is fully used in tourism, and the industry integration of “Internet + travel”, for the development of tourism and economic development, is of great significance. After unremitting efforts of more than 30 years, the tourism industry in Heilongjiang province achieved rapid progress. In 2017, the total revenue of tourism industry is 190.9 billion yuan, increased by 19.1%[2].
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Cartography in Papua New Guinea
    12 · Traditional Cartography in Papua New Guinea ERIC KLINE SILVERMAN SOCIAL LIFE, COSMOLOGY, AND rather of social conventions such as gift exchanges that POLITICS IN MELANESIA enable people to continually forge and negotiate rela­ tionships and alliances. Gift exchange, first studied by The cultural diversity of Melanesia in the southwestern Marcel Mauss, is the basis for the constitution of tradi­ Pacific Ocean is astounding. Regional generalizations are tional or prestate societies in particular. 1 Guided by the bound to falter: some sociocultural exception to any principle of reciprocity, gift exchange refers to the moral posited rule will almost assuredly exist. Nevertheless, it is obligation to give, to receive, and to give back various ob­ possible at least to sketch some common, nearly pan­ jects such as food, tobacco, and valuables as well as labor Melanesian social and cultural parameters. Since all in­ and services. As a result, people are enmeshed in a web of digenous representations of space in Melanesia are the obligations whereby they are constantly giving and re­ product or the reflection of social life, this brief discus­ ceiving, thus holding the society together. All societies in sion will provide a necessary context for understanding Melanesia are at some level a group of people who speak the social generation of local modes of cartography. a common language, share the same culture, and form a The peoples of the first migration from Southeast Asia moral community united by gift exchange. spread into New Guinea, the larger islands off New However, there are other foundations of societies in Guinea, and Australia, which at that time were connected Melanesia, and although these vary greatly, they can be by a land bridge (fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Industrial Complexes and Their Role in Industrial Tourism – Example of Conversion
    DOI: 10.1515/gse-2016-0008 45 INDUSTRIAL COMPLEXES AND THEIR ROLE IN INDUSTRIAL TOURISM – EXAMPLE OF CONVERSION Martin Klempa, Petr Bujok, Michal Porzer, Petr Skupien Institute of Geological Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract Sustainable tourism development meets the needs of present tourists and host regions while protecting and increasing its possibilities for the future. It should lead to management of all resources, so as to meet economic, social and aesthetic needs while maintaining cultural integrity, the most important ecological processes, biological diversity and the processes that make life possible. Sustainable tourism products are products that work in accordance with the local environment, society and culture so that the environment, society and culture can benefit and not to become the victims of tourism development. At present, luckily, it is possible to observe, in a wide range of tourist activities and especially in industrialized countries, also increasing interest in so-called industrial tourism aimed at exploring technical monuments. This form of tourism was initially the domain of narrow range of technically-based supporters, but gradually becomes more attractive to the broader public. This article deals with the development and transformation of tourism in the Czech Republic on an example of the Podluzi region and one of its centres – the town of Hodonin. From the tourist activities in the region those specifically attractive ones should be mentioned, which are wine and folklore tourism in close connection with gastronomical tourism and then increasingly popular cycling and water tourism.
    [Show full text]
  • Timeline of Our Mysterious World.Pdf
    Our Mysterious World--a collection of weirdness http://www.geocities.com/nmdecke/MysteriousWorld.html (1 of 455)11/10/2007 12:44:11 AM Our Mysterious World--a collection of weirdness This is a timeline of weird and "Art Bell-ish" events and happenings that I have been collecting off the internet for a while. Yes, many of the entries contradict each other, and others are most likely patent lies, but all of these are in the public literature and you can sort them out for yourselves… Due to some positive notes from readers, I have decided to start updating this list after about a year of ignoring it. I will be adding new stuff bit by bit, with the latest batch on August 1, 2007. Go back to my homepage for more good stuff, please and thank you. Any comments or additions? Send them to me at [email protected] Alpha and Omega Immanentizing of the Eschaton. Whatever the hell that means… 75,000,000 BC Xenu ordered nuking of earth (Per Scientology). Radioactive dust still in geologic strata in the areas of the American southwestern deserts, African deserts, and Gobi desert. Geologists can't explain the "fused green glass" that has been found in such sites as Pierrelatte in Gabon, the Euphrates Valley, the Sahara Desert, the Gobi Desert, Iraq, the Mojave Desert, Scotland, the Old and Middle Kingdoms of Egypt, and south-central Turkey. From the same time period, scientists have found a number of uranium deposits that appear to have been mined or depleted in antiquity.
    [Show full text]
  • Industrial Tourism Development in Cities: Towards a Framework
    Chapter 1 Industrial Tourism Development in Cities: Towards a Framework 1 Introduction Industrial tourism is a type of tourism which involves visits to operational companies and industrial heritage; it offers visitors an experience with regard to products, production processes, applications, and historical backgrounds. More than 100 years ago public and private organisations already started to organise industrial tourism visits. Historic examples include visits to French wineries and chocolate factories, to Greek and Maltese lace-producers and to Dutch cheese producers. In Paris, tourists and residents had the opportunity to choose among various tours back in 1900. The tours on offer ranged from visits of textile-factories to tours of mortuaries and slaughterhouses. Furthermore, also a visit to a tobacco factory, the stock exchange, the parliament and the court of justice were possible. There is also evidence from the United States that industrial tourism has actually a long history; a good example is the Jack Daniel’s distillery in Tennessee which began to offer factory tours back in 1866, the year when the company started operating (Frew, 2000). Industrial tourism offers opportunities for individual firms, but also for cities. Particularly for cities with a considerable industrial base, industrial tourism comprises interesting possibilities to strengthen the economic structure (direct and indirect employment) and to increase the supply of tourist products. For such cities industrial tourism is a potential growth sector that matches with their identity: the sector offers opportunities to strengthen their distinctiveness and image, notably by building on their existing assets. Many cities, however, have the assets to develop industrial tourism but fail to capitalise on them.
    [Show full text]
  • Talking About Color and Taste on the Trobriand Islands
    Senses & Society VOLUME 6, ISSUE 1 REPRINTS AVAILABLE PHOTOCOPYING © BERG 2011 PP 48–56 DIRECTLY FROM THE PERMITTED BY PRINTED IN THE UK PUBLISHERS LICENSE ONLY Talking about Color and Taste on the Trobriand Islands: A Diachronic Study Gunter Senft ABSTRACT How stable is the lexicon for Gunter Senft is a Senior Research Fellow at the perceptual experiences? This article presents Max Planck Institute results on how the Trobriand Islanders of for Psycholinguistics, Papua New Guinea talk about color and The Netherlands, and Extraordinary Professor taste and whether this has changed over of General Linguistics the years. Comparing the results of research at the University of on color terms conducted in 1983 with data Cologne, Germany. collected in 2008 revealed that many English [email protected] color terms have been integrated into the Kilivila lexicon. Members of the younger generation with school education have DOI: 10.2752/174589311X12893982233713 been the agents of this language change. However, today not all English color terms are produced correctly according to English lexical semantics. The traditional Kilivila color terms bwabwau ‘black,’ pupwakau Senses & Society ‘white,’ and bweyani ‘red’ are not affected by this change, probably because of the cultural importance of the art of coloring 48 Talking about Color and Taste on the Trobriand Islands canoes, big yams houses, and bodies. Comparing the 1983 data on taste vocabulary with the results of my 2008 research revealed no substantial change. The conservatism of the Trobriand Islanders’ taste vocabulary may be related to the conservatism of their palate. Moreover, they are more interested in displaying and exchanging food than in savoring it.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT KC, BIRENDRA. Examining Networks, Social Capital
    ABSTRACT KC, BIRENDRA. Examining Networks, Social Capital, and Social Influence among Wildlife Tourism Microentrepreneurs in Coastal North Carolina. (Under the direction of Duarte B. Morais). Social networks are an important element of entrepreneurship because entrepreneurs consistently rely on those networks to access ideas, information, and resources to facilitate the entrepreneurial process. Social capital is defined as the collective linkages inside social networks and the value of all the tangible and intangible resources embedded in those networks. Extensive social capital is argued to have significant positive impact on entrepreneurial success, in part because dimensions of cognitive social capital, such as trust, reciprocity, and togetherness are expected to enhance cooperation among network ties. Moreover, network structures themselves foster the development of different forms of social capital (i.e., bonding and bridging). The literature on small-scale tourism enterprises is limited, although they are prevalent globally and often touted as a critical strategy for natural resource-rich communities to pursue endogenous economic development. This study was carried out in North Carolina’s Pamlico Sound region, a region with rich wildlife resources yet with high economic disparity, to examine the network developed among local wildlife tourism (WT) microentrepreneurs. Specifically, this study examined the WT microentrepreneurs’ network structure based on the types of support exchanged with each other; the forms of bonding or bridging network structure and key influencers within the network; the extent and type of network ties (strong versus weak ties) developed among them; the process they use to form and nurture those ties; and the effect of social influence on trust, reciprocity, and togetherness exerted through network structure.
    [Show full text]