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Dissertation Greece: Tourism Performance During the Financial Crisis (2009 – 2017)

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Dissertation Greece: Tourism Performance During the Financial Crisis (2009 – 2017) Hellenic Open University Master in Business Administration (MBA) Dissertation Greece: Tourism performance during the financial crisis (2009 – 2017) Bournazou Eleni Supervisor: Persefoni Polychronidou Patras, Greece, July 2018 Theses / Dissertations remain the intellectual property of students (“authors/creators”), but in the context of open access policy they grant to the HOU a non-exclusive license to use the right of reproduction, customisation, public lending, presentation to an audience and digital dissemination thereof internationally, in electronic form and by any means for teaching and research purposes, for no fee and throughout the duration of intellectual property rights. Free access to the full text for studying and reading does not in any way mean that the author/creator shall allocate his/her intellectual property rights, nor shall he/she allow the reproduction, republication, copy, storage, sale, commercial use, transmission, distribution, publication, execution, downloading, uploading, translating, modifying in any way, of any part or summary of the dissertation, without the explicit prior written consent of the author/creator. Creators retain all their moral and property rights. 1 Greece: Tourism performance during the financial crisis (2009 – 2017) Eleni Bournazou Supervising Committee Supervisor: Co-Supervisor: Persefoni Polychronidou Maria Mavri Assistant Professor at Technological Assistant Professor of Quantitative Educational Institute of Central Methods at Department of Business Macedonia Administration of the University of the Aegean 2 “Eleni Bournazou”, “Greece: Tourism performance during the financial crisis (2009-2017)” Acknowledgments After an intensive period of working in the mornings and writing till late in the night for my thesis, I would like to reflect on the people who have supported and helped me so much throughout the last months. First of all I would like to thank my supervisor Ms. Persefoni Polychronidou for guiding me and insisting on submitting my thesis. I would also like to thank Aris Boukoubis for his help, his patience and daily encouragement. To the next achievement! 0 “Eleni Bournazou”, “Greece: Tourism performance during the financial crisis (2009-2017)” Table of Contents Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................... 0 List of Tables ................................................................................................................. 4 List of Figures ................................................................................................................ 5 Glossary ......................................................................................................................... 6 Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 8 Περίληψη ....................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 10 1 Tourism as a product .......................................................................................... 11 1.1 Definitions ................................................................................................................... 11 1.2 Historical Evolution..................................................................................................... 11 1.2.1 Worldwide ........................................................................................................... 11 1.2.2 Greece .................................................................................................................. 14 1.2.2.1 Ancient Greece ............................................................................................ 14 1.2.2.2 Modern Greece ............................................................................................ 14 2 Types of tourism and travel ................................................................................ 18 2.1 Adventure tourism ....................................................................................................... 19 2.1.1 Meaning ............................................................................................................... 19 2.1.2 Adventure Tourism Experiences ......................................................................... 19 2.1.3 Adventure Index .................................................................................................. 20 2.1.4 Motivating Factors ............................................................................................... 22 2.1.5 Activities.............................................................................................................. 23 2.2 Cultural tourism ........................................................................................................... 23 2.2.1 Meaning ............................................................................................................... 23 2.2.2 Importance ........................................................................................................... 25 2.2.3 Three types of identity ......................................................................................... 25 2.2.4 EU level ............................................................................................................... 27 2.3 Ecotourism ................................................................................................................... 29 2.3.1 Meaning ............................................................................................................... 29 2.3.2 A mechanism for sustainable development ......................................................... 29 2.3.3 Cinque Terre: A sustainable tourism project ....................................................... 31 0 “Eleni Bournazou”, “Greece: Tourism performance during the financial crisis (2009-2017)” 2.4 Educational tourism ..................................................................................................... 32 2.4.1 Meaning ............................................................................................................... 32 2.4.2 Mobility ............................................................................................................... 34 2.4.3 Benefits ................................................................................................................ 34 2.4.4 EU level ............................................................................................................... 36 2.5 Health / Medical tourism ............................................................................................. 38 2.5.1 Meaning ............................................................................................................... 38 2.5.2 Top destinations................................................................................................... 39 2.5.3 Economic impact ................................................................................................. 39 2.5.4 EU medical tourism ............................................................................................. 40 2.5.5 Medical Tourism Index ....................................................................................... 43 2.6 Geotourism .................................................................................................................. 44 2.6.1 Meaning ............................................................................................................... 44 2.6.2 Benefits of Geotourism ........................................................................................ 45 2.6.3 How to support Geotourism ................................................................................ 45 2.6.4 Greece: The geological wonders ......................................................................... 46 2.6.5 Arouca declaration ............................................................................................... 46 2.7 Industrial tourism......................................................................................................... 47 2.7.1 Meaning ............................................................................................................... 47 2.7.2 Examples ............................................................................................................. 48 2.7.3 Impact of Industrial Tourism ............................................................................... 48 2.8 Religious tourism......................................................................................................... 48 2.8.1 Meaning ............................................................................................................... 48 2.8.2 Description .......................................................................................................... 49 2.8.3 Traveler profile .................................................................................................... 49 2.9 Rural tourism / Agrotourism ....................................................................................... 50 2.9.1 Meaning ............................................................................................................... 50 2.9.2 Main focus and description ................................................................................
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