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Diplomarbeit DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „Ὑγίαινε, φίλον ἦτορ!“ Stilistische Untersuchungen zur neugriechischen Epistolographie anhand der Briefe von Konstantinos M. Koumas Verfasserin Anna Ransmayr angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag. phil.) Wien, 2008 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 383 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Byzantinistik und Neogräzistik Betreuerin: Univ. - Prof. Dr. Maria A. Stassinopoulou INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Danksagung ............................................................................................................ 4 Einleitung ............................................................................................................... 5 Abkürzungsverzeichnis ......................................................................................... 8 1. Kurze Geschichte der griechischen Epistolographie ..................................... 9 1.1. Griechische Briefe in Antike und byzantinischer Zeit................................. 9 1.1.1. Antike.................................................................................................... 9 1.1.2. Byzantinische Zeit............................................................................... 10 1.1.3. Brieftheorie und Briefgestaltung......................................................... 11 1.2. Griechische Briefe in der frühen Neuzeit (bis 1821) ................................. 16 1.2.1. Wichtige Epistolographen................................................................... 16 1.2.2. Briefsteller........................................................................................... 17 1.2.3. Schulunterricht .................................................................................... 25 1.2.4. Brieftheorie und Schreibpraxis............................................................ 27 1.3. Zur weiteren Entwicklung der griechischen Epistolographie im 19. Jahrhundert........................................................................................................ 32 2. Die Korrespondenz von Konstantinos Koumas ............................................ 34 2.1. Überblick über Leben und Briefe von Koumas ......................................... 34 2.1.1. Kurze Biographie ................................................................................ 34 2.1.2. Warum wurde Koumas` Korrespondenz nicht gesammelt?................ 39 2.1.3. Überblick über die Briefpartner von Konstantinos Koumas............... 41 2.1.3.1. Die Zeit in Thessalien und der erste Wienaufenthalt ................... 43 2.1.3.2. Die Zeit im Philologischen Gymnasium in Smyrna..................... 47 2.1.3.3. Die Zeit in Deutschland und Österreich (1818-1836).................. 49 2.2. Die von Koumas geschriebenen Briefe nach Kategorien........................... 52 2.2.1. Zur Definition von Briefkategorien..................................................... 52 2.2.2. Beschreibung des Corpus anhand der Kategorien............................... 55 2.2.2.1. Private Briefe................................................................................ 55 2.2.2.2. An eine größere Öffentlichkeit gerichtete Briefe......................... 58 3. Stil und Sprache der Briefe von Konstantinos Koumas .............................. 61 3.1. Koumas’ Briefstil bis 1808 ........................................................................ 61 3.1.1. Briefe an Ioannis Pezaros.................................................................... 62 3.1.2. Briefe an kirchliche Würdenträger...................................................... 64 2 3.1.3. Briefe an Freunde ................................................................................ 68 3.2. Koumas’ Briefstil nach seiner Entscheidung für Korais’ Mittleren Weg .. 71 3.2.1. Briefe an Freunde ................................................................................ 73 3.2.2. Die Briefe an Friedrich Thiersch und König Ludwig ......................... 76 3.2.3. Briefe an höhergestellte Persönlichkeiten ........................................... 80 3.2.4. Briefe an eine größere Öffentlichkeit.................................................. 83 4. Einflüsse auf Koumas’ Briefstil ...................................................................... 89 4.1. Einfluss der traditionellen byzantinischen und postbyzantinischen Epistolographie.................................................................................................. 90 4.2. Der Einfluss des Stils von Korais............................................................... 94 4.3. Der Einfluss der deutschsprachigen Epistolographie............................... 100 4.4. Resümee ................................................................................................... 106 ANHANG ........................................................................................................... 108 1. Zusammenstellung eines Corpus der Briefe von Konstantinos Koumas ......................................................................................................................... 108 2. Statistik zum Briefcorpus von Konstantinos Koumas ........................... 110 2.1. Briefe an Konstantinos Koumas nach Absendern................................ 110 2.2. Briefe von Konstantinos Koumas......................................................... 111 2.2.1. Briefe von Konstantinos Koumas nach Empfängern .................... 112 2.3. Orte....................................................................................................... 113 2.4. Zeitliche Verteilung der Briefe von und an Koumas (1793-1836) ...... 116 2.5. Die Briefe der Korrespondenz von Konstantinos Koumas nach Themen ..................................................................................................................... 117 2.5.1. Die gesamte Korrespondenz.......................................................... 117 2.5.2. Die von Konstantinos Koumas geschriebenen Briefe................... 119 3. Regesten...................................................................................................... 121 LITERATURVERZEICHNIS ......................................................................... 198 1. Unveröffentlichte Quellen........................................................................... 198 2. Quelleneditionen und Literatur vor 1900 .................................................... 198 3. Sekundärliteratur ......................................................................................... 206 4. Verwendete Internet-Seiten......................................................................... 214 Zusammenfassung ............................................................................................. 215 Abstract .............................................................................................................. 217 Lebenslauf .......................................................................................................... 219 3 Danksagung Mein ganz besonderer Dank gilt meiner Betreuerin Frau Prof. Maria A. Stassinopoulou, die mir nicht nur jederzeit mit Rat und Tat zur Seite stand und mir Quellenmaterial und Notizen aus ihrem privaten Fundus zur Verfügung stellte, sondern auch den Fortgang meiner Arbeit stets mit wertvollen Anregungen und Denkanstössen begleitete. Herr Kostas Lappas von der Akademie Athen empfing mich freundlich und war gerne bereit mir bei der Quellensuche zu helfen. Weiters bedanke ich mich bei Prof. Alexis Politis von der Universität Kreta, der mir bei der Literatursuche zur ersten Beschäftigung mit dem Thema Koumas behilflich war. Herrn Emmanouil Fragkiskos danke ich für die Informationen zur Überlieferung der Briefe von Korais, die er mir freundlicherweise gab. Meiner Freundin Nathalie Soursos möchte ich herzlich für die Mühe danken, mir „vergessene Briefe“ aus der Gennadius-Bibliothek in Athen zu kopieren und zu schicken. Zu guter Letzt danke ich meiner Familie, die mich immer in allen meinen Entscheidungen unterstützt und bestärkt hat. 4 Einleitung Vorliegende Diplomarbeit befasst sich mit dem Thema der griechischen Epistolographie, und zwar anhand des konkreten Falles der Briefe des neugriechischen Gelehrten Konstantinos M. Koumas. Zu Beginn meiner Beschäftigung mit der griechischen Epistolographie stand eine Lehrveranstaltung mit dem Titel „Kulturgeschichte des byzantinischen Briefes“ bei Dr. Michael Grünbart im Wintersemester 2003, bei der ich vieles gelernt habe, das mir für diese Arbeit von Nutzen war. Mein Interesse für die neugriechische Aufklärung wurde in zwei Lehrveranstaltungen zum Thema bei Prof. Dr. Maria A. Stassinopoulou im Wintersemester 2005 geweckt, woraus schließlich die Entscheidung hervorging, mich in meiner Diplomarbeit mit einem Thema aus diesem Bereich, nämlich der Person von Konstantinos Koumas, zu befassen. Ich hatte es mir zum Ziel gesetzt, die gesamte erhaltene Korrespondenz von Koumas zu sammeln und stilistisch zu untersuchen, was im Rahmen einer Magisterarbeit möglich ist, da Koumas` Briefe nicht systematisch gesammelt wurden und seine Korrespondenz daher im Vergleich zu anderen griechischen Gelehrten der Zeit wie Korais oder Oikonomos einen geringen Umfang besitzt. Im Rahmen des Seminars „Neugriechische Epistolographie“ bei Prof. Dr. Maria A. Stassinopoulou im Sommersemester 2007 begann ich mit der systematischen Sammlung und Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials, wobei ich zur besseren Organisation der Informationen mit einer Filemaker-Datenbank arbeitete, die es mir ermöglicht, die Briefe nach verschiedenen
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