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Περίληψη : Γενικές Πληροφορίες Area: 84.069 Km2 IΔΡΥΜA ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ Συγγραφή : Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Κέκου Εύα , Σπυροπούλου Βάσω Μετάφραση : Easthope Christine , Easthope Christine , Ντοβλέτης Ονούφριος (23/3/2007) Για παραπομπή : Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Κέκου Εύα , Σπυροπούλου Βάσω , "Syros", 2007, Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Περίληψη : Γενικές Πληροφορίες Area: 84.069 km2 Coastline length: 84 km Population: 19,782 Island capital and its population: Hermoupolis (11,799) Administrative structure: Region of South Aegean, Prefecture of the Cyclades, Municipality of Hermoupolis (Capital: Hermoupolis, 11,799), Municipality of Ano Syros (Capital: Ano Syros, 1,109), Municipality of Poseidonia (Capital: Poseidonia, 633) Local newspapers: Koini Gnomi, Logos, Apopsi Local journals and magazines: Serious Local radio stations: Media 92 (92.0), Radio Station of the Metropolis of Syros (95.4), Aigaio FM (95.4), Syros FM 100.3 (100.3), FM 1 (101.0), Faros FM (104.0), Super FM (107.0) Local TV stations: Syros TV1, Aigaio TV Museums: Syros Archaeological Museum, Historical Archive (General State Archives), Art Gallery "Hermoupolis", Hermoupolis Municipal Library, Cyclades Art Gallery, Industrial Museum of Syros, Historical Centre of the Catholic Church of Syros, Historical Archive of the Municipality of Ano Syros, Marcos Vamvakaris Museum, Ano Syros Museum of Traditional Professions Archaeological sites and monuments: Chalandriani, Kastri, Grammata, Miaoulis Square at Hermoupolis, Hermoupolis Town Hall, Hellas Club, Ladopoulos mansion, Velissaropoulos mansion, "Apollo" Theatre, Vaporia district, St Nicolas Church, First Hospital at Hermoupolis, Church of the Dormition of Virgin Mary, School of Mercantile Marine, Customs house, Store houses, Dockyard, Boat-yard, Building Complex of the Industrial Museum, Ano Syros Town Hall, Catholic Church of St George, Monastery of Capuchins, Monastery of Jesuits, Mansions at Piskopio, Chrousa and Poseidonia Traditional settlements: Hermoupolis, Ano Syros, Parakopi, Poseidonia, Chroussa Natural monuments: The Syriggas mountain has been included in the European network "NATURA 2000". The north part of Syros has been declared one of the Important Bird Areas of Greece. Cultural clubs: Syros Theatre-Cultural Association "Souris", Theatre Group "Apollo", Syros Cine-Club, Syros Lyceum Club of Greek Women, Syros Music Association, Municipal Cultural Centre of Hermoupolis (Hellas Club), Municipal Cultural Centre of Ano Syros, Syros Cultural Association of the State Employees-Theatre Group "Bastias", Syros Association for Environment and Culture "Euploia", Theatre Association "Mimou Aptou" Conferences: Hermoupolis seminars (during the first 15 days of July) Festivals: Science Fiction Syros Festival, "Hermoupoleia" (July 15th-August 28th), "Apanosyria" (municipal events at Ano Syros every two years), Music festival "Mousikes diadromes stous dromous tou Markou" (July 1st-August 28th), Cyclades International Music Festival at Hermoupolis, Hermoupolis Guitar Festival, Aegean Festival, AniμaSyros Religious feasts: On St Peter's day at Kini (June 29th), On St Panteleimon's day at Poseidonia (July 27th), Dormition of Virgin Mary at Vari and at Kini (August 15th), Feasts of St Venildos, St Thekla and St Antonios at Megas Gyalos, Feast of Assumption at Azolimnos Sport events: Nautical Week every two years, Vikellas Cup Sport clubs: Sport Club of the Workers at the Dockyard of Syros, Syros Sport Club, Ano Syros Sport Club, Sport Club "Asteras Syrou", Vari Sport Club, Pagos Sport Club, Syros Sport Club "Ares", Sport Club "Foinikas Syrou", Sport Football Club "Hellas", Syros Sport Club "Poseidon", Gymnastic Club "Hermoupolis Syrou", Syros Moto Club, Syros Nautical Club, Syros Tennis Club, Syros Chess Club, Syros Sport Club Δημιουργήθηκε στις 27/9/2021 Σελίδα 1/12 IΔΡΥΜA ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ Συγγραφή : Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Κέκου Εύα , Σπυροπούλου Βάσω Μετάφραση : Easthope Christine , Easthope Christine , Ντοβλέτης Ονούφριος (23/3/2007) Για παραπομπή : Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Κέκου Εύα , Σπυροπούλου Βάσω , "Syros", 2007, Εγκυκλοπαίδεια 1. Settings – Environment Syros (Syra), is the most populated Cycladic island, holding a central place in the complex. It has many bulges and small valleys, and its coasts form several safe coves (e.g. Ermoupoli, Finikas, Vari, Galissas, Kini, Delfini, etc). The arid scenery with drystones and sparse shrub vegetation, going dry from late spring, is typical of the natural environment of Syros, as well as of the rest of the Cycladic islands. An imaginary line divides the island into Ano Meria (Upper Part) and Kato Meria (Lower Part). The southern part is partly different, with pine-groves and areas covered in dense vegetation. They are considered reminiscent of the island’s past character, when it was covered in denser vegetation. Small water biotopes were formed at the mouth of streams. Dunes, which are important biotopes for migratory birds, were formed around them. Within the last years, the flora of Syros has been substantially reduced. Yet, several species proliferate on the island, especially at Ano Meria. Such are 11 serpent species and the European green toad (Bufo viridis), 47 bird species, among which war eagles, peregrine falcons, etc., as well as hare and wild rabbits. North Syros is one of the Important Bird Areas of Greece for migratory birds. In fact, mount Syringas has been included in the European network of protected sites NATURA 2000. The Mediterranean seal (Monachus Monachus) finds shelter on the island’s coasts. Ermoupoli (Hermoupolis), the capital of the island, is the only urban center of the complex. The mediaeval city of Ano Syros had been built on the hill of Agios Georgios, above Ermoupoli. Save Ermoupoli and Ano Syros, there are several more settlements. (Maria Mavroeidi - Vasiliki Spyropoulou) 2. History 2. 1. Prehistoric and Ancient Times Significant remains of the Early Cycladic Civilization (2700-2200 B.C.) have been uncovered at Chalandriani and Kastri. Notable findings had been uncovered during the 1862 excavations at the cemetery of Chalandriani, as well as during those conducted by archaeologist Christos Tsountas in 1898, which brought to light remains of fortifications, residences, etc. The Early Cycladic settlement at Kastri is one of the best preserved since the 1962 restoration works conducted by the Archaeological Service. Excavation findings are housed at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens, the Cycladic Art Museum and the Archaeological Museum of Syros. Traces of settlements have also been found at other locations as well (Talanta, San Michalis, Azolimnos, Galissas, Mallia, Manna). In the centuries to follow, the island gradually found itself under the influence of the Phoenicians, the Minoans and then the Mycenaeans. Ionians are thought to have settled on Syros when the Mycenaean Civilization declined (11th-10th century B.C.). In his Odyssey, Homer referred to the island as Syrii (Συρίη), as well as to two of its cities governed by king Ktesios Ormenides. Pre-Socratic philosopher Pherecydes was born on Syros in the 6th century B.C, when it had been taken over by the Samians. He is considered the inventor of the heliotropium, the first sundial, and a teacher of Pythagoras. Two caves of the island have been named after him: one at the eastern part (Richopos’cave) and another one at Alithini, between Ermoupoli and Ano Syros. There were two cities on Syros at the time: one at modern Ermoupoli (in the Pefkakia-Psariana area) and another one at Galissas (Galissos). During the Persian Wars, Syros had been subdued to the Persians. It joined the First Athenian League in 478 B.C., but remained autonomous with a boule (council) and demos (the civic body). Yet, it paid taxes to the Athenians. During Roman Times (324-184 B.C.), the capital of Syros was located at modern Ermoupoli. Δημιουργήθηκε στις 27/9/2021 Σελίδα 2/12 IΔΡΥΜA ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ Συγγραφή : Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Κέκου Εύα , Σπυροπούλου Βάσω Μετάφραση : Easthope Christine , Easthope Christine , Ντοβλέτης Ονούφριος (23/3/2007) Για παραπομπή : Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Μαυροειδή Μαρία , Κέκου Εύα , Σπυροπούλου Βάσω , "Syros", 2007, Εγκυκλοπαίδεια After a turbulent period during the 3rd century B.C., the island prospered again in the 2nd century BC, as demonstrated by the circulation of copper coins already since the 2nd century B.C. Mintage of silver coins in the 2nd century BC is also notable. 2. 2. Byzantine Times – Frankish Rule – Ottoman Period With the ancient world coming to its end, barbaric incursions and the plague of piracy, marking the Aegean for several centuries, led Syros to decline. Along with the other Cycladic islands, Syros belonged to the Aegean Theme during Byzantine Times. After the Franks dismantled Byzantium in 1204, Syros came under Venetian rule and was integrated into the Duchy of the Aegean. During Latin Rule, the majority of the local community welcomed the Catholic doctrine, preserving yet the Greek language. The small Orthodox parish of St. Nicolas “the Poor”was preserved though. Within the approximately three and a half centuries of the existence of the Duchy, Syros was under a peculiar feudal-like regime. In the mid-16th century, the Ottoman fleet took over the island, and the Duchy was dismantled. However, negotiations of the local authorities
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