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Detection and Measurement of Fugitive Emissions Using Airborne Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL)

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Detection and Measurement of Fugitive Emissions Using Airborne Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) EPA Gas STAR Program – Annual Implementation Workshop Detection and Measurement of Fugitive Emissions Using Airborne Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) Daniel Brake Active Imaging Solutions ITT Industries Space Systems Division Rochester, New York email: [email protected] phone: (585) 269-5070 www.ssd.itt.com/angel 25 October 2005 2 ITT Industries – Corporate Overview ITT Industries: ~$7.0 Billion (annual revenue) – ITT Defense: ~$3.0 Billion (annual revenue) – Supplier of sophisticated military defense systems and provider of advanced technical and operational services to government customers. – ITT Industries Space Systems Division – Over 50 years as a national leader providing innovation and quality in the design, production and development of Remote Sensing, Meteorological, and Navigation satellite systems. 3 Hydrocarbon Gas Detection: Active Remote Sensing Definition – A remote sensing system that can emit its own electromagnetic energy at a target and then record the interaction between the energy and the target. Application – DIAL (Differential Absorption Lidar) is an example of an active remote sensing technology. A DIAL system sends out controlled pulses of laser energy and then measures the interaction between the laser energy and the target. Advantages – The ability to obtain direct, non-point15 sourOn-ce,line measurementsTheof d iffespecificrence in gases, regardless of the time of day or season. Ability to accuratelywavelength is locate and aquantifybsorption betweareean th eemissions. two wavelengths can rption chosen close to 10 The ability to control the what, when andpeak where of the of target illuminabe usedtion. to dete rmActiveine systems are absorption the concentration of the Abso particularly advantaged when the desired5 featu wavelengtre hs are notchemical sufficient responsibllye provided by the sun, such as portions of the mid-wave infrared (IR). for the absorption feature 0 3046.5 3047.0 3047.5 Disadvantages Wave Number (cm-1) – A large amount of generated energy is requiredTwo lasers tosent adequat on the sameely path illuminategenerate light wh theich is target. reflected off the surface and back to the sensor passing Other disadvantages include complex systthemrough designs, the plume tw icecomponent in a fraction of as, second. integration, and data analysis. Gas Plume Location 4 Emission Measurements: Comparison of Concentration (PPM) to Concentration-Path-Length (PPM-m) Complex Hazardous Air Release Model (CHARM®) Ground Level Integrated Plume 5 Emission Measurements: Linear trend between Concentration (PPM) and Concentration-Path-Length (PPM-m) Depending on conditions, a 150ppm-m CPL will have a ground level concentration ranging from 45ppm to 70ppm. 2ppm 5ppm 10ppm 20ppm 1 meter 40ppm 70ppm 147ppm-m 6 ITT Airborne Natural Gas Emission Lidar (ANGEL) Service Aircraft: DIAL Sensor System and Supporting Hardware DIAL Sensor High Resolution Mapping Digital Camera Video Camera 7 Detection and Measurement of Hydrocarbon Gases Example #1: Open field release Release Tank Flow: 30 scfm 8 Detection and Measurement of Hydrocarbon Gases Example #1: Open field release – DIAL results CPL (PPM-m) 9 Detection and Measurement of Hydrocarbon Gases Example #2: Embankment release Release Tank Flow: 21 scfm 10 Detection and Measurement of Hydrocarbon Gases Example #2: Embankment release – DIAL results CPL (PPM-m) 11 Detection and Measurement of Hydrocarbon Gases Example #3: Gathering field pipeline repair 12 Detection and Measurement of Hydrocarbon Gases Example #3: Gathering field pipeline repair – DIAL results 13 Detection and Measurement of Hydrocarbon Gases Example #4: Light Crude Tank Farm 14 Detection and Measurement of Hydrocarbon Gases Example #4: Light Crude Tank Farm – DIAL Scan Pattern 15 Detection and Measurement of Hydrocarbon Gases Example #4: Light Crude Tank Farm – Hatches CLOSED CPL (PPM-m) 16 Detection and Measurement of Hydrocarbon Gases Example #4: Light Crude Tank Farm – Hatches OPEN CPL (PPM-m) 17 Conclusions — Airborne DIAL can detect and measure fugitive gas emissions 9 Airborne DIAL can provide a unique, comprehensive, and unobstructed view of area emissions. 9 Airborne DIAL can detect specific hydrocarbon gases/vapors (i.e. methane, ethane, propane, gasoline, condensates, etc.). 9 Airborne DIAL can quantify area emissions and provide quantitative information on a plume’s size and shape. 9 Airborne DIAL can directly measure the various concentration- path-lengths (ppm-m) within area emissions. 9 Airborne DIAL can operate day or night, and when integrated into a fixed wing aircraft can survey up to 1,000 pipeline miles per day. 18 Acknowledgements — Funding, Field Research, Facilities ¾ US Department of Energy – National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) ¾ US Department of Transportation – Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (DOT/PHMSA) ¾ Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi, Pollution Prevention Partnership ¾ BP America, Inc. ¾ El Paso Production ¾ National Fuel Gas Company Questions and Answers Thank you for your time and interest. Daniel Brake Active Imaging Solutions ITT Industries Space Systems Division Rochester, New York email: [email protected] phone: (585) 269-5070 www.ssd.itt.com/angel 25 October 2005.
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