2013 International Conference on Advances in Social Science, Humanities, and Management (ASSHM 2013) Research on characteristics in the spatial distribution of the whole county population of Sichuan province, China via ARCGIS analysis Guiyao Zhou1, Yanyou Wu1*,Xianjian Xie2, Deke Xing1,Fang Fan3, Rui Yu1 1Key laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education＆Jiangsu province, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China 212013;2Geography and Resource Science College ,Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China 641110; 3Software College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China 401331 [email protected], 1*[email protected],* Corresponding author Abstract: 1.Introduction 2000 and 2010 year census population data of Population,Resources,Environment, Energy each county of Sichuan Province, China has and Food problems are five major issues that the been chosen as research objects in our research. world is facing nowadays, with the population In this study, different spatial fitting model of problem being the core issue (CAS,2000).The geostatistics modules which are based on Arcgis spatial distribution of population is characterized Software has been used to discuss the fitting by the combination of results of geographical effects of population density data. The best conditions, climate suitability, degree of district spatial distribution fitting model was obtained economy and social policy orientation and which has been used to make optimal Kriging others.The traditional sense of demographic data interpolation. The factors affecting Sichuan comes from national census every 10 years. It Province Population change have also been takes administrative areas such as counties and analyzed. Results showed that the overall cities as statistics unit.However, in practice there distribution of Sichuan province population has often exits some problems such as low spatial uneven spatial distribution and circular style. resolution data and administrative boundaries Counties population in space formed two not coinciding with population macroscopic distribution patterns: One is the boundaries,Regional population data can usually Western Sichuan-intensive area and the other only provide discrete and limited data sample. In one is basins gathering area. Time distribution of recent years, comparative studies on spatial different density region has changed over time, distribution of population density were carried especially the population of Chengdu economic out by many authors (Feng et al.,2002; region and the Southern Sichuan economic Christopher;etal.,1999).Suggesting that people‘s region which are growing rapidly. The whole research methods on this subject of spatial population in Sichuan province shows an distribution of population data have gradually increasing trend from west to east. Natural changed from traditional statistics method to conditions, policies and economic conditions are diverse space data analysis method. The the most important factors that influence the emergence of various geostatistical analysis Spatial and Temporal distribution regularity of software such as Arcgis Series, GS +, etc has population of Sichuan Province. created a broad application of conditions for Keywords: Geostatistics; Sichuan Province; spatial distribution statistics of population. There Distribution of population; Spatial interpolation are various geostatistical models such as model Gaussian, exponential, spherical models etc. © 2013. The authors - Published by Atlantis Press 1000 However, on processing data spatialization, the differences and economic disparities, the selection of best space model directly relate to economic spatial differences are still apparent. the quality of spatial distribution of statistical Differences between economic regions and data. In this paper, the geostatistics methods differences in city and outside coexist at the have been made use of and county has been used same time (Zhang and Ren,2011). as administrative units to analyze and discuss the 2.2 Data sources and data analysis fifth and sixth national census population density Research data include following parts: data of all 181 counties and cities in Sichuan (1)Sichuan digitized maps, which were digital Province. The best models were chosen to scan on Sichuan 1:100000 base map by Arcgis simulate the population denstiys‘spatial Software.(2)Administrative Region boundary distribution in Sichuan Province, and kriging data.(3)The total counties, cities population and interpolation methods have been used to administrative area data in Sichuan in year 2000 simulate the best trend surface of spatial and 2010.These data comes from 《 Sichuan distribution of population density. Finally, the Statistical Yearbook 2000, 2010》.Due to the dynamic characteristics of population accelerating urbanization, the original distribution of each region have been explored administrative division‘s settings do not suit the within two censuses period. pace of development.Therefore,the local 2.Materials and methods government made some adjustments which lead 2.1 Study area to changes in administrative boundaries of many Sichuan Province is situated in the south counties during this decade. For example, the old west of China,upstream of Yangtze River and three districts in Pengxi County have been surrounded by Chongqing,Yunnan,Tibet, changed into Daying County. In order to Shaanxi and other provinces.Its geographical facilitate comparison and analysis process, the coordinatesare97°21′—108°31′E,26°03′—34°19′ fifth census data has been used to do the N. Sichuan covers an area of 48.5×104km2, appropriate conversion, which is based on the ranking as the fifth largest Province in Western sixth census of the administrative unit divisions. China.It mainly constitutes of plateaus, In the first place, the 2000 and 2010 year mountains, hills and other topographies. Western population data was fed into the county's topography is high, while Eastern topography is population density database and the equation lower. The Study area is shown in Figure 1. It is which is Population density = total population dominated by a subtropical climate. In year 2000, / total area was used to calculate out 2000 and the population of Sichuan Province was nearly 2010 year population density of all the 181 87 million, accounting to 23.7% of Western counties and cities. China Population. Sichuan Province consists of Chengdu, Mianyang, Ya'an, Wenchuan and other 181 counties and cities. It is one of the richest regions with important national resources, and also an important ecological barrier to the upstream of Yangtze River. The economy in this area is flourishing, often ranked first in Western China. Sichuan has a provincial situation with "large population,weak economic foundation, and under development." Due to the differences Figure1. Study area in natural, historical economic conditions, policy 1001 2.3 Research methods on spatial distribution,variation characteristics of Geostatistics, also called the geostatistical the population density database of all 181 method, has been put forward by the famous Counties and cities of Sichuan province. French statistician, G. Matheron after doing a 3.1.1Trend analysis large number of theoretical studies on the basis With Arcgis software, Trend Analysis of the gradual formation of a new branch of Tools provide 3D perspective view that convert statistics. It is based on regionalized variable and sampling sites in study areas into the view that use of variograms to research natural treat the interested property value as height, and phenomenon that not only has randomness but allow users to analyze the whole trend of the also structural or spatial correlation and data sets of sampling point from a different dependence. Geostatistics is generally based on perspective (Tang,2006).This tool on a certain the semivariogram and kriging interpolation extent can reflect the spatial phenomenon methods to simulate and fit the spatial modes. change on spatial region. Each vertical bar in Geostatistical semivariogram mainly trend analysis graph represents a data point‘s include Circular,spherical,Gaussian ， value (Height) and position. These points are Exponential and other models. Arcgis (9.3vesion) projected onto an east-west and a north-south includes 11 kinds of models. Each model direction orthogonal surface, thus Arcgis primarily through nugget (CO), partial sill value software can make a best-fit line through the (C), sill (CO+C), and nugget coefficient to projection point, and use it to impersonate the describe the regular pattern of spatial existent trend on a specific direction. If the lines distribution data. Kriging interpolation method are straight, this shows no trend existence on the includes simple Kriging, ordinary Kriging, space(Tang,2006).Therefore, trend surface universal Kriging and other methods. In practical analysis module of the GIS software was used to work, ordinary Kriging is often used to explore analyze the trend of the year 2000 and 2010 the spatial differential features of statistical data. Sichuan county population density, respectively. 3. Geostatistical analysis Results are listed in figure2. According to the county-level administrative units, population database of Sichuan Province, which was previously established,a spatial analysis of the database was done that included 2000 and 2010 year population density data of 181 counties and cities of Sichuan province and simulated out the Spatial distribution trends characteristics. Finally,