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THE GEOLOGY and MINERALIZATION of the COQUIHALLA GOLD BELT and HOZAMEEN FAULT SYSTEM, SOUTHWESTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA by Gerald E

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THE GEOLOGY and MINERALIZATION of the COQUIHALLA GOLD BELT and HOZAMEEN FAULT SYSTEM, SOUTHWESTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA by Gerald E Province of British Columbia MINERAL RESOURCES DIVISION Ministry of Energy, Mines and Geological Survey Branch Petroleum Resources Hon. Jack Davis, Minister THE GEOLOGY AND MINERALIZATION OF THE COQUIHALLA GOLD BELT AND HOZAMEEN FAULT SYSTEM, SOUTHWESTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA By Gerald E. Ray BULLETIN 79 MINERAL RESOURCES DIVISION Geological Survey Branch Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data VICTORIA BRITISH COLUMBIA Ray. G. E. (Gerald E.) CANADA The geology and mineralization of the Caquihalla gold belt and Hozameen fault system, southwestern British Columbia October 1990 (Bulletin, ISSN 0226-7497 ; 79) Includes bibliographical references. ISBNO-7718-8931-3 1. Gold ores - Geology - British Columbia - Fraser-Cheam. 2. Gold mines and mining - British Columbia - Fraser-Cheam. 3. Geology - British Columbia - Fraser-Cheam. 4. Geology,Economic- BritishColumbia - Fraser-Cheam. I. BritishColumbia. Geological Survey Brinch. 11. BritishColumbia. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources. 111. Title. IV. Series:Bulletin (British Columbia. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources) ; 79. TN424.C32B771990 553.4'1'0971137 C90-092095.5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page page vii 62 63 1 63 2 63 2 63 4 64 5 64 5 64 8 64 8 65 65 9 65 16 66 66 17 66 18 66 19 66 61 19 67 20 61 20 67 22 61 25 68 26 68 26 69 28 69 28 70. 29 70 70 31 IO 31 70 34 34 70 35 35~ 71 41 41 41 14 42 45 REFERENCES........... ~. 75 46 46 41 TABLES 41 I. Comparisonbetween the Petch Creek and Coquihalla serpentine belts......................................... 8 49 2. History of events west of the Hozameen fault ..... 32 3. History of events east of the Hozameen fault ...... 32 52 4. Production from the Coquihalla gold belt ..,.......... 41 5. Reported annual production from the Emancipa- 54 tlon mule ............................................................................. 43 54 6. Reportedannual production fromthe Aurum 59 mme ................................................................................... , 46 60 7. Reported annual production from the Pipestem 60 mme ................................. ...................... .. .... ...... .........,,,, ...... 61 8. Coquihalla gold belt: data on the lithologies and 61 distances .from both the Hozameen fault and 62 Ladner Group-Spider Peak Formation uncon- 62 formity ................................................................................ 72 ... 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued Page Page APPENDICES 17. Analysisvein, of quartzsulphide-hearing 1. Analysesvolcanic Group of Hozameen Murphy gold Occurrence ........................................ 97 greenstonescompared averageto basalt 81 .......... 18.Analysis of a chalcopyrite-molybdenite- 2A. Major element analyses of selected serpen- bearing quartz vein ................................................... 97 tinite samples from the Coquihalla serpentine belt .................................................................................. 82 2B. Trace elementanalyses of selectedserpen- PLATES tinite samples from the Coquihalla serpentine 1. Carolinmine looking southwestwards up belt .................................................................................. 82 LadnerCreek. ............................................................ 101 3. Analysis of altered greenstone dyke intruding 2.Ductile deformation in theCuster-Skagit serpentinitenearCarolin mine ............................ gnelss83 ............................................................................. 4. Analyses of gabbro-microgabbrorocks 3. Custer-Skagit gneiss (Unit Ggs). Photomicro- within the Coquihalla serpentine belt com- graph(PPL) of biotite-garnet-sillimanite paredaveragegabbro to ......................................... 83 gnelss ............................................................................. 10 5A. Major element analyses of fuchsite-bearing 4.Custer-Skagit gneiss (Unit Gm). Deformed quartz-carbonate(“listwanite”) rockswithin marble containing angular clasts of leuco- theCoquihalla serpentine belt ............................. granite84 andaplite ....................................................... 10 5B. Trace elementanalyses of fuchsite-bearing 5. HozameenGroup (Unit PJHc). Ribbon cherts quartz-carbonate(“listwanite”) rockswithin deformed byfolds D, .............................................. 15 the Coquihallaserpentine belt ............................. 84 6. Coquihallaserpentine belt. Serpentinite (Unit 6. Analyses of the SpiderPeak Formation vol- Us)containing tectonic boudin of light- canic..greenstones, compared to average coloured microgabbro ............................................. 17 sphte andbasalt ........................................................ 84 7. EastHozameen fault ................................................ 18 7A. Major element analyses of minor felsic intru- 8.Coquihalla serpentine belt, “listwanite” sionsLadnerGroup the within ............................ 85 (Unit Urn) .................................................................... 20 7B. Trace elementanalyses of minorfelsic intru- Coquihalla9. serpentine belt, “listwanite” sionswithin theLadner Group ............................ 85 (Unit Urn) .................................................................... 20 7C. Major element analyses of Spider Peak For- 10. SpiderPeak Formation. Structurally over- mationwithin thrust slices at Carolinmine. .. 85turned pillowed basaltic greenstones (Unit 7D. Trace elementanalyses of S@derPeakForma- TVp) ............................................................................... 21 tion within thrust slices at Carolin mine. ........ 86 11,Spider Peak Formation. Photomicrograph 8. Major element analyses of selected grab sam- (PPL) of pillowedgreenstone (Unit TVp) plescollected from Emancipation mine .......... 86 containingcrystals of stilpnomelane ................. 21 9. Trace element analyses of selected grab sam- 12.Spider Peak Formation. Photomicrograph (X plescollected from Emancipation mine .......... 87nicols) of pillowedbasaltic greenstones (Unit 10. productionCarolinJanuarymine1982- from TVp) ............................................................................... 21 September1984 ........................................................ 8713.Ladner Group. Thinly bedded wacke (Unit 11A. Whole-rock analysesWhole-rock 11A. collectedof samples JLw) with minor siltstone...................................... 22 from drillhole IU49,Carolin mine88 .................... 14.Ladner Group - lower unit.Conglomerate 11B. Whole-rockanalyses of samplescollected (Unit JLc) containing pebbles and cobbles.... 24 fromdrillhole IU53,Carolin mine .................... 88 15. LadnerGroup - middleunit. Siltstone (Unit element and other analytical dataanalytical other11C. Traceand element of JLs) deformed by D, folding ............................... 24 samples collected from drillholes IU-49 and 16. LadnerGroup - upperunit. Argillite (Unit IU-53,Carolin mine .......1 ........................................ 89 JLa).Photomicrograph (X nicols) of cubic 12A. Major element24 analysesof 72 lithogeochemi- crystals pyrite ............................................................. cal samples collected from the Carolin mine 17.Dewdney Creek Group. Photomicrograph (X nicols) of bedded lapilli tuff (Unit JDI) ... 26 area ................................................................................. 92 18.Ladner Group argillite (Unit JLa) thermally 12B. Trace element analyses of 72 lithogeochemi- metamorphosed by the Needle Peak pluton ... 27 cal samples collected from the Carolin mine 19. LadnerGroup siltstone (Unit JLs) thermally area ................................................................................. 94 metamorphosed by the Needle Peak pluton ... 27 13. Univariate statistics for 72 lithogeochemical 20.Faulted felsic dyke (Unit f) intruding samples collected from theCarolin mine area 95 homfelsedLadner Groun siltstones ................... 28 14.Correlation’matrix of lithogeochemicaldata, .. ?Unit stock CreekSowaqua 21. h) containing Carolmmme ............................................................... xenoliths 96 of ultramafichomhlendite 29 ................. 15. Analyses of selectedmineralized grab sam- 22. Ladner Group siltstones (Unit JLs) deformed plescollected from thePipestem mine ............ 96 by D, folds .................................................................. 37 16.Analyses of mineralizedgrab samples col- 23.Boulder vein - Emancipationmine ................. 44 lectedfrom the McMasterzone occurrence ... 9724. Dyke vein - Emancipationmine ...................... 45 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued Page Page 25. Flatveins and Dyke vein - Emancipation12. Zr-Ti-Y ternary plots: (A)Spider Peak For- mine ................................................................................ 45 mation greenstones;Hozameen(B) Group 26. Carolinmine.Weathered boulder of gold-volcanic rocks ............................................................ 14 sulphide-albite-carbonate-bearingIdaho zone 13.Plots of TiO, versus total iron:(A)Spider ore ................................................................................... 49 Peak Formation greenstones; (B) Hozameen 27. Carolin mine. Albite veining and multistage,15 rocks volcanic Group .............................................. deformedquartz veining in theIdaho zone 49 .... 14. A1,0, minus Na,O/TiO, frequencyplots 28. Carolin mine, Photomicrograph(X nicols) of A = Spider Peak Formation, B = Hozameen coarse-grained albite 49 albite coarse-grained
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