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Stream Habitat Requirements of BC Fish

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Stream Habitat Requirements of BC Fish Life History Characteristics of Freshwater Fishes Occurring in British Columbia and the Yukon, with Major Emphasis on Stream Habitat Characteristics M. Roberge, J.M.B. Hume, C.K. Minns, and T. Slaney Fisheries and Oceans Canada Marine Environment and Habitat Science Division Cultus Lake Salmon Research Laboratory 4222 Columbia Valley Highway Cultus Lake, B.C. V2R 5B6 2002 Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2611 i Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2611 2002 LIFE HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS OF FRESHWATER FISHES OCCURRING IN BRITISH COLUMBIA AND THE YUKON, WITH MAJOR EMPHASIS ON STREAM HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS by M. Roberge1, J.M.B. Hume, C.K. Minns2 and T. Slaney1 Fisheries and Oceans Canada Marine Environment and Habitat Science Division Cultus Lake Salmon Research Laboratory 4222 Columbia Valley Highway Cultus Lake, B.C. V2R 5B6 _____________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Aquatic Resources Limited, 9010 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6P 4B9 2 Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Bayfield Institute, 867 Lakeshore Road, P.O. Box 5050, Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6 ii © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2002, As represented by the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Cat. No. Fs 97-4/2611E ISSN 0706-6473 Correct citation of this publication: Roberge, M., J.M.B. Hume, C.K. Minns, and T. Slaney. 2002. Life history characteristics of freshwater fishes occurring in British Columbia and the Yukon, with major emphasis on stream habitat characteristics. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2611: xiv + 248 p. iii ABSTRACT Roberge, M., J.M.B. Hume, C.K. Minns, and T. Slaney. 2002. Life history characteristics of freshwater fishes occurring in British Columbia and the Yukon, with major emphasis on stream habitat characteristics. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2611: xiv + 248 p. Associations between stream characteristics and different life history stages of fish were summarized for the 86 species and 13 additional subspecies and forms of freshwater fish that exist in British Columbia and the Yukon. Of the 99 freshwater species/subspecies, all but six occur in streams during part of their life cycle. Four habitat characteristics were summarized (depth, substrate type, cover type, and flow type) for four life cycle stages (spawning, young-of-the-year, juvenile and adult). Overall, there is a general lack of information pertaining to the stream habitat requirements for the many fish species that are found in BC and Yukon. In particular, research and information on stream habitat requirements is lacking for green sturgeon, minnows, smelts, ciscos, suckers, sculpin, lamprey, and stickleback. RÉSUMÉ Roberge, M., J.M.B. Hume, C.K. Minns, and T. Slaney. 2002. Life history characteristics of freshwater fishes occurring in British Columbia and the Yukon, with major emphasis on stream habitat characteristics. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2611: xiv + 248 p. On a établi des associations entre les caractéristiques des cours d’eau et différents stades du cycle vital des 86 espèces et des 13 sous-espèces et formes additionnelles de poissons dulcicoles présentes en Colombie-Britannique et au Yukon. Quatre-vingt-treize de ces 99 espèces et sous-espèces dulcicoles passent une partie de leur cycle vital dans des cours d’eau. Quatre caractéristiques de l’habitat ont été examinées (profondeur, type de substrat, type de couvert et type d’écoulement) pour quatre stades du cycle vital (géniteurs, jeunes de l’année, juvéniles et adultes). De façon générale, on manque d’information sur les besoins des nombreuses espèces de poisson de la Colombie-Britannique et du Yukon en milieu lotique. En particulier, il n’y a pas assez de recherche et d’information sur les besoins de l’esturgeon vert, des épinoches, des ménés, des éperlans, des ciscos, des meuniers, des chabots, des lamproies, et des épinoches dans les habitats lotiques. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................................ III LIST OF TABLES.....................................................................................................................................VII LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................................... X LIST OF APPENDICES.............................................................................................................................XI INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 1 METHODS ................................................................................................................................................... 1 RESULTS ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 LAMPREYS (PETROMYZONTIDAE) ......................................................................................................7 River lamprey (Lampetra ayresi) ............................................................................................................. 7 Arctic LamprEy (Lampetra japonica)...................................................................................................... 7 Vancouver Island (lake) lamprey (Lampetra macrostoma)...................................................................... 8 Western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni)...................................................................................... 9 Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) ..................................................................................................... 9 STURGEONS (ACIPENSERIDAE) .......................................................................................................... 10 Green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris)................................................................................................. 10 White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) ........................................................................................... 11 MOONEYES (HIODONTIDAE)................................................................................................................ 13 Goldeye (Hiodon alosoides)................................................................................................................... 13 HERRINGS (CLUPEIDAE) ....................................................................................................................... 14 American shad (Alosa sapidissima) ....................................................................................................... 14 CARPS AND MINNOWS (CYPRINIDAE) ............................................................................................... 16 Chiselmouth (Acrocheilus alutaceus)..................................................................................................... 16 Goldfish (Carassius auratus) ................................................................................................................. 17 Lake chub (Couesius plumbeus)............................................................................................................. 18 Common carp (Cyprinus carpio)............................................................................................................ 19 Brassy minnow (Hybognathus hankinsoni)............................................................................................ 20 Pearl dace (Margariscus margaritai) ..................................................................................................... 21 Peamouth chub (Mylocheilus caurinus) ................................................................................................. 22 Emerald shiner (Notropis atherindoides) ............................................................................................... 23 Spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius) ...................................................................................................... 24 Northern redbelly dace (Phoxinus eos) .................................................................................................. 25 Finescale dace (Phoxinus neogaeus) ...................................................................................................... 26 Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) ............................................................................................... 27 Flathead chub (Platygobio gracilis) ....................................................................................................... 27 Northern pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) .............................................................................. 28 Longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) ............................................................................................... 30 Nooksack dace (Rhinichthys sp.)............................................................................................................ 31 Leopard dace (Rhinichthys falcatus) ...................................................................................................... 32 Speckled Dace (Rhinichthys osculus)..................................................................................................... 33 Umatilla dace (Rhinichthys umatilla) ....................................................................................................
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