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Omar-Ashour-English.Pdf
CENTER ON DEMOCRACY, DEVELOPMENT, AND THE RULE OF LAW STANFORD UNIVERSITY BROOKINGS DOHA CENTER - STANFORD PROJECT ON ARAB TRANSITIONS PAPER SERIES Number 3, November 2012 FROM BAD COP TO GOOD COP: THE CHALLENGE OF SECURITY SECTOR REFORM IN EGYPT OMAR ASHOUR PROGRAM ON ARAB REFORM AND DEMOCRACY, CDDRL FROM BAD COP TO GOOD COP: THE CHALLENGE OF SECURITY SECTOR REFORM IN EGYPT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY gence within the police force of a cadre of reform- ist officers is also encouraging and may help shift Successful democratic transitions hinge on the the balance of power within the Ministry of Interi- establishment of effective civilian control of the or. These officers have established reformist orga- armed forces and internal security institutions. The nizations, such as the General Coalition of Police transformation of these institutions from instru- Officers and Officers But Honorable, and begun to ments of brutal repression and regime protection push for SSR themselves. The prospects for imple- to professional, regulated, national services – secu- menting these civil society and internal initiatives, rity sector reform (SSR) – is at the very center of however, remain uncertain; they focus on admira- this effort. In Egypt, as in other transitioning Arab ble ends but are less clear on the means of imple- states and prior cases of democratization, SSR is mentation. They also have to reckon with strong an acutely political process affected by an array of elements within the Ministry of Interior – “al-Ad- different actors and dynamics. In a contested and ly’s men” (in reference to Mubarak’s longstanding unstable post-revolutionary political sphere, the minister) – who remain firmly opposed to reform. -
The Terrorism Trap: the Hidden Impact of America's War on Terror
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2019 The Terrorism Trap: The Hidden Impact of America's War on Terror John Akins University of Tennessee, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Recommended Citation Akins, John, "The Terrorism Trap: The Hidden Impact of America's War on Terror. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2019. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5624 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by John Akins entitled "The Terrorism Trap: The Hidden Impact of America's War on Terror." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Political Science. Krista Wiegand, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Brandon Prins, Gary Uzonyi, Candace White Accepted for the Council: Dixie L. Thompson Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) The Terrorism Trap: The Hidden Impact of America’s War on Terror A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville John Harrison Akins August 2019 Copyright © 2019 by John Harrison Akins All rights reserved. -
Tests for Egyptian Journalists
Tests for Egyptian Journalists Reporting Truth, Fighting Censors, Earning a Wage, and Staying Alive in Times of Turmoil By Naomi Sakr n a classic essay in the Journal of Democracy in 2002, “The End of the Transition Paradigm,” democratization analyst Thomas Carothers questioned the assump- Ition that elections are the be-all and end-all of democracy. His argument seems especially apt in Egypt’s case. One mistake, according to Carothers, is to believe that the political and economic effects of decades of dictatorship can be brushed aside. Another is to imagine that state institutions under dictatorship functioned sufficiently well that they can be merely modified and need not be entirely rebuilt. Political scien- tist Sheri Berman, writing in Foreign Affairs in 2013, made similar points about what she called the “pathologies of dictatorship.” These leave a poisonous aftermath of pent-up distrust and animosity, she said, bereft of political bodies capable of respond- ing to or even channeling popular grievances. In Egypt, media institutions, largely controlled by the state since soon after the country became a republic in 1952, are part of this problem, but they can also be part of a future solution. To the extent that news media contribute to framing public discussion, the closer they get to representing the full plurality of interests and viewpoints in society, and the more they report verified information rather than prejudice, rumors, and lies, the more likely it is that different social groups will understand each other and make policy choices that are collectively beneficial. How media pluralism is achieved depends on history. -
Arab Revolutions and Beyond: Change and Persistence Proceedings of the International Conference Tunis, 12-13 November 2013
Naoual Belakhdar, Ilka Eickhof, Abla el Khawaga, Ola el Khawaga, Amal Hamada, Cilja Harders, Serena Sandri (ed.) Arab Revolutions and Beyond: Change and Persistence Proceedings of the International Conference Tunis, 12-13 November 2013 Working Paper No. 11 | August 2014 www.polsoz.fu-berlin.de/vorderer-orient 2 Arab Revolutions and Beyond: Change and Persistence Working Paper No. 11 | August 2014 3 Working Papers for Middle Eastern and North African Politics Arab Revolutions and Beyond: Change and Persistence This Working Paper Series is edited by the Center for Middle Eastern and North African Politics Proceedings of the International Conference at the Freie Universität Berlin. It presents original research about the social, political, cultural Tunis, 12-13 November 2013 and economic transformations in the region and beyond. It features contributions in area studies, comparative politics, gender studies and peace and conflict studies, thus representing a Naoual Belakhdar, Ilka Eickhof, Abla el Khawaga, Ola el Khawaga, broad variety of critical and empirically founded fresh insights on current issues in these fields. Amal Hamada, Cilja Harders, Serena Sandri (ed.) Downloads The Working Papers are available online at: www.polsoz.fu-berlin.de/polwiss/forschung/international/vorderer-orient/publikation/WP_serie You can order your print copy at [email protected] © 2014 by the authors in this volume Belakhdar, Naoual; Ilka Eickhof; Abla el Khawaga; Ola el Khawaga; Amal Hamada; Cilja Harders; Serena Sandri (ed.) (2014): Arab Revolutions and Beyond: Change and Persistence. Proceedings of the International Conference Tunis, 12-13 November 2013, Working Paper No. 11 | August 2014, Center for North African and Middle Eastern Politics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin; Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Cairo University, August 2014. -
All Truth Is Worth Publishing
REPORT ARAB POLITICS BEYOND THE UPRISINGS All Truth Is Worth Publishing Mada Masr and the Fight for Free Speech in Egypt MAY 23, 2017 — LAURA C. DEAN PAGE 1 As an authoritarian cold front settles over Egypt, a newsroom full of left-leaning journalists provides one of the last redoubts for the revolutionary ideals of 2011. The online newspaper Mada Masr was founded in 2013 by veterans of several envelope-pushing publications. Since then, it has distinguished itself not only for its bold reporting and experimental style, but also for management based on consensus, and the pioneering of a business model that relies on revenue sources beyond advertising. The newspaper has proved exceptionally resilient to efforts to silence it, weathering the arrest and imprisonment of some of its editors and contributors. And with a fast-growing Arabic section, Mada is more popular than ever. A new law that would drastically restrain digital media may yet prove to be Mada’s undoing. Yet the paper remains fully committed to continuing its truth-telling, and has resolved to resist the ongoing crackdown on speech. The story of Mada Masr provides a rare case study of a grassroots institution almost wholly sprung from Egypt’s uprising. It is almost difficult to recall now, but following the uprisings of 2011, people in Egypt began to divide historical time into two periods: before the revolution and after the revolution. In the latter, all manner of things seemed possible. It was at the tail end of this euphoric time, in the early summer of 2013, that a group of young Egyptian journalists set out to build an online news site. -
MAPPING DIGITAL MEDIA: EGYPT Mapping Digital Media: Egypt
COUNTRY REPORT MAPPING DIGITAL MEDIA: EGYPT Mapping Digital Media: Egypt A REPORT BY THE OPEN SOCIETY FOUNDATIONS WRITTEN BY Rasha Abdulla EDITED BY Marius Dragomir and Mark Thompson (Open Society Media Program editors) Aboubakr Jamaï (regional editor) EDITORIAL COMMISSION Yuen-Ying Chan, Christian S. Nissen, Dusˇan Reljic´, Russell Southwood, Damian Tambini The Editorial Commission is an advisory body. Its members are not responsible for the information or assessments contained in the Mapping Digital Media texts OPEN SOCIETY MEDIA PROGRAM TEAM Meijinder Kaur, program assistant; Morris Lipson, senior legal advisor; and Gordana Jankovic, director OPEN SOCIETY INFORMATION PROGRAM TEAM Vera Franz, senior program manager; Darius Cuplinskas, director 1 August 2013 Contents Mapping Digital Media ..................................................................................................................... 4 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... 6 Context ............................................................................................................................................. 10 Social Indicators ................................................................................................................................ 12 Economic Indicators ......................................................................................................................... 14 1. Media Consumption: Th e Digital Factor .................................................................................. -
AVOIDING an EPIC MISTAKE the Case for Continuing the U.S
THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY n MAY 2020 n PN80 Assaf Orion and Denis Thompson AVOIDING AN EPIC MISTAKE The Case for Continuing the U.S. Mission in Sinai As part of its 2018 National Defense Strategy (NDS), the United States is seeking to focus on Great Power competition and withdraw from legacy missions it sees as irrelevant.1 Yet one of the missions under consideration is hardly irrelevant. U.S. Army participation in the Multinational Force & Observers (MFO) in the Sinai Peninsula constitutes a vital part of the 1979 Israel-Egypt peace treaty architecture. While the NDS approach to legacy missions makes sense in principle, U.S. withdrawal from the MFO would be a colossal mistake. Indeed, Israel- Egypt relations are at an all-time high, but rather than showing the diminished importance of peacekeepers, it demonstrates the opposite: their essential role in having reached this summit and in climbing onward. The MFO has been critical in helping the parties across volatile crises through its communication, trust building, and verification roles, and Israel-Egypt relations owe a great deal to these efforts. U.S. participation in the MFO appears to have generated an asymmetrical impact—a very small and increasingly efficient military © 2020 THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ORION AND THOMPSON investment, with burden-sharing partners, has Defense Department leadership, the Army began yielded lasting grand-strategic benefits. U.S. forces planning for serious cuts in 2020 and a total in Sinai are superbly positioned not only to advance withdrawal from the mission by the end of 2021. -
South Sudan Will Talk with Rebels, Kerry Says
A6 Ø N THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL SATURDAY, MAY 3, 2014 South Sudan Will Talk THE SATURDAY PROFILE With Rebels, Kerry Says A Voice of Dissent in Egypt Is Muffled, but Not Silent By MICHAEL R. GORDON South Sudan’s downward spiral. JUBA, South Sudan — Secre- Some American lawmakers tary of State John Kerry said Fri- and nongovernmental organiza- day that he had secured a com- tions have charged that the Oba- mitment from Salva Kiir, South ma administration has been too Sudan’s president, to open talks slow to implement the economic with his rebel opponent as early sanctions it has threatened as next week. against individuals who are re- sponsible for the conflict. Presi- The talks, which would take dent Obama signed an executive place in Addis Ababa under the order on April 3 that provides the auspices of Ethiopia’s prime min- legal authorization to freeze as- ister, represent the Obama ad- sets and to ban travel to the Unit- ministration’s latest bid to halt ed States, but no sanctions have the fighting that has killed thou- yet been imposed. sands of people, displaced more “President Obama’s ‘go slow’ than a million and is ripping approach is simply not working,” apart a nation whose independ- Raymond C. Offenheiser, the ence was championed by the president of Oxfam America, said United States. in a statement. “This visit and Mr. Kerry said that Riek subsequent follow through by the Machar, the rebel leader, had pre- administration must demon- viously signaled to Ethiopia’s strate to all that the U.S. -
Obscure and Stalled the Democratic Path in Egypt 2014
Obscure and Stalled The Democratic Path in Egypt 2014 The Arabic Network For Human Rights Information Title: Obscure & Stalled The Democratic Path in Egypt 2014 Published by: ANHRI - The Arabic Network for Human Rights Information 2 Behlar Passage, Off Kasr El Nil St. - 5th Floor Flat no. 39 - Downtown, Cairo Tel/Fax : 23904208 / 23964180 Website : www.anhri.net e-mail : [email protected] Prepared by: Karim Abdelrady Documentation by Lawyers for Democracy Team: Ahmed Abdel Latif Mohammed Hafez Mahmoud Labib Mohammed Ramadan Ehab Hassan Emad Abu El Leil Aya Abdel-Al Nayera El Sayed Mahmoud Hassan Edited & Revised by: Gamal Eid Translated by: Ramy Rostom & Tereasa Shehata Cover Photo by: Ahmed Hamed – Aswat Masreya Cover Design & Technical Preparation by: Hussein Mohammed & Karim Abdelrady First Edition: 2015 Deposit No. : 4741/2015 The Arabic Network for Human Rights Information © All Rights Reserved This copy is for non-commercial use only 2 Introduction:1 This is the annual report that is released by Lawyers for Democracy Initiative, which was launched by The Arabic Network for Human Rights Information in 2014; aiming at monitoring the state of Egypt’s democratic path and determining its developments and shortcomings. The year 2014 was full of significant and influential political incidents. The repressive and extraordinary measures that have been taken by the Egyptian authorities in the wake of dispersing the sit-ins staged by the MB supporters in Rabaa Al-Adawiya in 2013 were the start to enacting a set of anti-freedoms legislations; aiming at hindering the general climate completely and confiscating the rights to peaceful protest and any political action inside the universities. -
Annual Report 2016
Egyptian Council For Foreign Affairs Annual Report 2016 Egyptian Council For Foreign Affairs - Annual Report 2016 1 Egyptian Council for Foreign affairs Tower 2 Fakhir- Osman Towers, Nile Corniche,Maadi, 12th floor. Telephone: (202)25281091- 6 Fax:(202) 25281093 Website:www.ecfa-egypt.org Email: [email protected] [email protected] Founders: 1) Amb. Abdel Raouf El-Reedy 2) Amb. Dr. Mohamed Ibrahim Shaker 3) Dr. Osama Ghazali Harb 4) Dr. Bahy El din Hassan Zaki Abrashy Board Members: Ambassador El Sayed Abdel Raouf El-Reedy.......Honorary Chairman Ambassador Dr. Mohamed Mounir Zahran..........................Chairman Ms. Anissa Mohamed Hassouna.................................Vice Chairman Ambassador Hisham Mohamed El Zimaity.............Secretary General Dr. HazemAttiatallah.......................................................... Treasurer Ambassador Dr. Mohammed Ibrahim Shaker Ambassador Moushira Khattab Ambassador Dr. Hussein Abdul KhalekHassouna Ambassador Ms. Mona Omar Attia Ambassador Dr. Mahmoud Karem Mahmoud Dr. Osama El Gazaly Harb Ambassador Dr. Ezzat Saad El Said...................Director of the Council 2 Egyptian Council For Foreign Affairs - Annual Report 2016 Index Topic • ECFA Honorary Chairman Speech ................................................................. 7 • ECFA Chairman Speech ................................................................................. 10 • Introduction: ECFA Director Speech ............................................................. 12 Chapter I : Conferences, Seminars and Workshops.................................... -
The Military, the Media and Public Perceptions in Egypt Communication and Civil-Military Relations
The Military, the Media and Public Perceptions in Egypt Communication and Civil-Military Relations Egypt Civil-Military Relations Conference Paper Series Paper 3 Romuald Bolliger DCAF Mohamed Elmenshawy DCAF a centre for security, development and and Ragnar Weilandt the rule of law Egypt Civil-Military Relations Conference Paper Series Paper 3 The Military, the Media and Public Perceptions in Egypt Communication and Civil-Military Relations Romuald Bolliger Mohamed Elmenshawy DCAF DCAF a centre for security, and Ragnar Weilandt development and the rule of law About DCAF The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) is an international organisation dedicated to assisting states – both developed and emerging democracies – in advancing good security sector governance, within a democratic framework and in respect of the rule of law. DCAF provides in-country advisory support and practical assistance programs to states that seek to strengthen governance of their security sector. DCAF works directly with national and local governments, parliaments, civil society, international organisations and defense and security forces. DCAF currently has 62 member states, including Lebanon and Tunisia. In its activities, DCAF is guided by the principles of neutrality, impartiality, inclusive participation, and local ownership. For more information, please visit DCAF’s website: www.dcaf.ch Disclaimer The content of this publication and the views expressed are the exclusive responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of DCAF or DCAF’s member states. Acknowledgement This publication was financed by the DCAF Trust Fund for Security Sector Development Assistance in North Africa. For more information about the Trust Fund, please visit: www.dcaf-tfna.org Series editors: Karina Priajina, Jean-Michel Rousseau, Andrea Cellino Series editor assistant: Elias Geoffroy Cover picture: Egyptian armed forces spokesman Col. -
Egypt's Sinai Peninsula in the Aftermath of the Arab Spring
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Discord in the Desert: Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula in the aftermath of the Arab Spring A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Defence and Strategic Studies at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand. Dan Bradley Swale 2015 ii Abstract The Sinai Peninsula’s security environment has altered significantly since President Mubarak’s overthrow in January 2011. Though Sinai has a history of militant Islamism, prior to 2011 violence was uncommon and limited in scope. Today, conflict is widespread and described by commentators as an insurgency. Violence has increased in frequency and is qualitatively different. Violence has also spilt beyond Sinai, affecting not just Egypt, but Israel and the wider region. This thesis maps how the Arab Spring has affected Sinai’s security environment. This is important as continued security deterioration demonstrates that Egypt’s actions there have failed. To explain why, this thesis provides a framework for understanding the security environment’s principal actors: Egypt, Israel, Gaza, militant Islamists and the Bedouin. Mapping Sinai’s security environment explains the nature of post-Mubarak changes and how these actors influenced these changes. The thesis demonstrates that regardless of the government in Cairo, Egypt’s military has controlled Sinai’s security and has viewed it through a solely security- based lens.