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Omar-Ashour-English.Pdf
CENTER ON DEMOCRACY, DEVELOPMENT, AND THE RULE OF LAW STANFORD UNIVERSITY BROOKINGS DOHA CENTER - STANFORD PROJECT ON ARAB TRANSITIONS PAPER SERIES Number 3, November 2012 FROM BAD COP TO GOOD COP: THE CHALLENGE OF SECURITY SECTOR REFORM IN EGYPT OMAR ASHOUR PROGRAM ON ARAB REFORM AND DEMOCRACY, CDDRL FROM BAD COP TO GOOD COP: THE CHALLENGE OF SECURITY SECTOR REFORM IN EGYPT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY gence within the police force of a cadre of reform- ist officers is also encouraging and may help shift Successful democratic transitions hinge on the the balance of power within the Ministry of Interi- establishment of effective civilian control of the or. These officers have established reformist orga- armed forces and internal security institutions. The nizations, such as the General Coalition of Police transformation of these institutions from instru- Officers and Officers But Honorable, and begun to ments of brutal repression and regime protection push for SSR themselves. The prospects for imple- to professional, regulated, national services – secu- menting these civil society and internal initiatives, rity sector reform (SSR) – is at the very center of however, remain uncertain; they focus on admira- this effort. In Egypt, as in other transitioning Arab ble ends but are less clear on the means of imple- states and prior cases of democratization, SSR is mentation. They also have to reckon with strong an acutely political process affected by an array of elements within the Ministry of Interior – “al-Ad- different actors and dynamics. In a contested and ly’s men” (in reference to Mubarak’s longstanding unstable post-revolutionary political sphere, the minister) – who remain firmly opposed to reform. -
The Terrorism Trap: the Hidden Impact of America's War on Terror
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2019 The Terrorism Trap: The Hidden Impact of America's War on Terror John Akins University of Tennessee, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Recommended Citation Akins, John, "The Terrorism Trap: The Hidden Impact of America's War on Terror. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2019. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5624 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by John Akins entitled "The Terrorism Trap: The Hidden Impact of America's War on Terror." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Political Science. Krista Wiegand, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Brandon Prins, Gary Uzonyi, Candace White Accepted for the Council: Dixie L. Thompson Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) The Terrorism Trap: The Hidden Impact of America’s War on Terror A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville John Harrison Akins August 2019 Copyright © 2019 by John Harrison Akins All rights reserved. -
US-Backed Egyptian Regime Hands Down 683 More Death Sentences
US-backed Egyptian Regime Hands Down 683 More Death Sentences By Bill Van Auken Region: Middle East & North Africa, USA Global Research, April 29, 2014 Theme: Police State & Civil Rights World Socialist Web Site A drumhead court in Egypt Monday handed down death sentences to 683 defendants—alleged members and supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood (MB)—after a five- minute trial in which the judge refused to allow a word uttered or a shred of evidence submitted in defense of the condemned men, most of whom were not even present for the proceeding. The mass trial and its pre-ordained verdict and sentence follow a similar judicial mockery last month in which 529 people were sentenced to die by the same judge, Saed Youssef. In a separate ruling Monday, Youssef upheld 37 of those death sentences while commuting the remainder to life prison terms. Outside the heavily guarded courthouse in Minya, about 150 miles south of Cairo, relatives of the accused wept and shouted denunciations of the ruling junta and its de facto leader, former Mubarak-era military intelligence chief, Gen. Abdel Fattah al-Sisi. The charges against over 1,200 defendants—all facing either the gallows or a life in Egypt’s notoriously brutal prisons—stem from the death of a single policeman during protests organized by the Muslim Brotherhood against the military coup that ousted Egypt’s elected president, MB member Mohamed Mursi. During the same period, Egyptian security forces massacred as many as 2,000 protesters, including 1,000 of them in a single day. As the judicial travesty in Minya makes abundantly clear, that reign of terror has only continued and become more firmly institutionalized under Sisi, who stepped down recently to become a candidate in what will inevitably be rigged elections for president. -
The Egyptian Political Debate on the Youth and the January 25Th Revolution (Part 2) Mervat F. Hatem DEBATE ANALYSIS August 2014
DEBATE ANALYSIS August 2014 The Egyptian Political Debate on the Youth and the January 25th Revolution (Part 2) Mervat F. Hatem Keywords: January 25, 2011 revolution, June 30, 2013 revolution, Mohmmed Mursi, Muslim Brotherhood, Abdel Fatah al-Sisi. Summary: This is the second part of a discussion of the role that the youth has played in the Arab uprisings of 2011 and the political transitions that followed. In part I, I reviewed some of the multi- disciplinary work done in the field of Middle East studies that explained the demographic, economic and social developments that contributed to the youthful character of Arab societies and the challenges that they posed. I also suggested that Middle East political science’s preoccupation with authoritarian stability explained its lack of interest in the study of the “youth” as a non-state actor that highlighted changes and forms of political mobilization that took place outside formal political spaces and institutions.1 In part II of this discussion, I begin with an examination of the political context of the Egyptian debate on the youth and the roles that they layed in the revolutions of January of 2011 and June 2013. Next, I discuss how the youth emerged as specific objects of a heated debate in many newspaper articles and television programs in November and December of 2013 becoming an extension of the partisan political debate that sought to exclude the Muslim Brotherhood and their youthful supporters from politics following the July 3, 2013 coup that deposed President Mohammed Mursi. The demonization of the Muslim Brotherhood, as a violent threat to the ability of state institutions (especially the police and the military)1to function and restore political order was used by the government to emphasize the need to close ranks and respond to regional and international threats to national security. -
Arab Revolutions and Beyond: Change and Persistence Proceedings of the International Conference Tunis, 12-13 November 2013
Naoual Belakhdar, Ilka Eickhof, Abla el Khawaga, Ola el Khawaga, Amal Hamada, Cilja Harders, Serena Sandri (ed.) Arab Revolutions and Beyond: Change and Persistence Proceedings of the International Conference Tunis, 12-13 November 2013 Working Paper No. 11 | August 2014 www.polsoz.fu-berlin.de/vorderer-orient 2 Arab Revolutions and Beyond: Change and Persistence Working Paper No. 11 | August 2014 3 Working Papers for Middle Eastern and North African Politics Arab Revolutions and Beyond: Change and Persistence This Working Paper Series is edited by the Center for Middle Eastern and North African Politics Proceedings of the International Conference at the Freie Universität Berlin. It presents original research about the social, political, cultural Tunis, 12-13 November 2013 and economic transformations in the region and beyond. It features contributions in area studies, comparative politics, gender studies and peace and conflict studies, thus representing a Naoual Belakhdar, Ilka Eickhof, Abla el Khawaga, Ola el Khawaga, broad variety of critical and empirically founded fresh insights on current issues in these fields. Amal Hamada, Cilja Harders, Serena Sandri (ed.) Downloads The Working Papers are available online at: www.polsoz.fu-berlin.de/polwiss/forschung/international/vorderer-orient/publikation/WP_serie You can order your print copy at [email protected] © 2014 by the authors in this volume Belakhdar, Naoual; Ilka Eickhof; Abla el Khawaga; Ola el Khawaga; Amal Hamada; Cilja Harders; Serena Sandri (ed.) (2014): Arab Revolutions and Beyond: Change and Persistence. Proceedings of the International Conference Tunis, 12-13 November 2013, Working Paper No. 11 | August 2014, Center for North African and Middle Eastern Politics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin; Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Cairo University, August 2014. -
Five Years of Egypt's War on Terror
FIVE YEARS OF EGYPT’S WAR ON TERROR The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy (TIMEP) is dedicated to influencing policy toward the Middle East and North Africa through rigorous research and targeted advocacy efforts that promote local voices. TIMEP is fully registered and acknowledged under Section501(c)(3) in the District of Columbia. For more information about TIMEP’s mission, programming, or upcoming events, please visit timep.org. This report is the product of the collaborative efforts of TIMEP's staff and fellows. Cover image: A security checkpoint in the Egyptian Western Desert and the Bahariya Oasis in Siwa, Egypt, May 15, 2015 (photo by Amr Abdallah Dalsh for Reuters) CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 TERRORISM 5 COUNTER-TERRORISM 10 LEGAL AND POLITICAL CONTEXT 14 FINDINGS 15 TERRORISM 17 ACROSS EGYPT: Intensification and evolution in terror attacks after 2013 17 NORTH SINAI: Violence has become an entrenched insurgency 19 MAINLAND: Low-scale violence gives way to sporadic, deadly attacks 26 COUNTER-TERRORISM 35 ACROSS EGYPT: Tens of thousands of citizens ensnared in the war on terror 35 NORTH SINAI: Continuous military occupation 36 MAINLAND: Sweeping and broad crackdown 39 LEGAL AND POLITICAL CONTEXT 43 LEGAL AND JUDICIAL CONTEXT: The war on terror trumps rule of law 43 DOMESTIC POLITICAL CONTEXT: The war on terror as pretext for political consolidation 46 GEOPOLITICAL CONTEXT: Continued global support 49 FINDINGS 52 METHODOLOGY 54 Egypt Security Watch 3 Five Years of Egypt’s War on Terror INTRODUCTION On July 24, 2013, then-Defense Minister Abdel-Fattah El Sisi asked for a popular mandate to fight terrorism, marking the declaration of the “war on terror” that has lasted five years. -
President's Repor T
REPORT PRESIDENT’S 17 2018 1 President’s Letter 2 Chairman’s Letter 3 Pillars of Excellence 13 Accreditation: Committed to Quality of Education 15 Highlights 19 Financials 21 Sponsored Programs 25 Donors 53 Board of Trustees Facts and Figures TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE 55 Last year, we affirmed our centennial strategic plan, focusing on five pillars of excellence: quality of education, internationalization, institutional effectiveness, innovation and the AUC experience that sets us apart. AUC offers unique services to our host country, to America and to the world. As Egypt’s only globally accredited University reaffirmed in 2018 by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education, we take great pride in this vote of confidence in our performance at the highest American standards. As a student-centered University, we strive continuously to enhance the educational quality of the unique AUC experience, with its emphasis on inquiry-based teaching and research. Bringing back students from around the world to Cairo is fundamentally important to maintaining AUC’s international perspective. Particularly important is the return of American students to AUC’s Center for Arabic Study Abroad, the world’s premier Arabic-language immersion program located here in the inviting and dynamic heart of the Arab world. Last year, we introduced several management and service innovations: digital tools, operational and governance reforms, new talent management systems and assessments, academic ventures and a Tobacco-Free Community Policy for both campuses. We increased our global partnerships, including student exchange agreements with Harvard University and King’s College London. We did all that while continuing to foster excellence in all we do and capitalizing on the strength and dedication of AUC’s strongest asset –– its people. -
The$Voice$Of$The$Other:$Representations$Of
! The!American!University!in!Cairo! ! School!of!Humanities!and!Social!Sciences! ! !! The$Voice$of$the$Other:$Representations$of$the$ United$States$in$Egyptian$Popular$Discourse$ ! ! ! A!Thesis!Submitted!to! ! The!Department!of!Political!Science! ! ! In!Partial!Fulfillment!of!the!Requirements! ! For!the!Degree!of!Master!of!Arts! ! ! ! By!! Sara$Pulliam$ ! ! Under!the!supervision!of!Dr.$Ezzedine$Choukri$Fishere$ $ ! ! ! ! ! ! May/$2012$ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! i! TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................1 A. Analyzing the Arab-American Relationship.......................................................3 B. Critique of US Discourse in Arab-American Relations......................................6 C. Research Questions and Agenda.......................................................................12 II. Theory, Methodology, and Literature Review........................................................15 A. Can the Subaltern Speak? Postcolonial Theory and Its Shortcomings.............15 B. Theory of Discourse and Discourse Analysis...................................................21 C. Methodology.....................................................................................................27 D. Arabs Encounter the West.................................................................................29 III. Analysis of Egyptian Discourse During Obama's Speech in Cairo......................38 A. Major Themes and Representations..................................................................39 -
Egypt – Muslim Brotherhood – 2005 Parliamentary Elections
Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: EGY35071 Country: Egypt Date of Request: 16 June 2009 Date: 30 June 2009 Keywords: Egypt – Muslim Brotherhood – 2005 Parliamentary elections This response was prepared by the Research & Information Services Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. This research response may not, under any circumstance, be cited in a decision or any other document. Anyone wishing to use this information may only cite the primary source material contained herein. Questions 1. What is the current attitude of Egyptian authorities towards supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood? 2. Are supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood routinely detained and interrogated? 3. Were Muslim Brotherhood supporters targeted before, during, or after the Egyptian Assembly elections in 2006? RESPONSE 1. What is the current attitude of Egyptian authorities towards supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood? The US Department of State’s 2008 report on religious freedom in Egypt states that the “Government outlawed the Muslim Brotherhood, which operates missionary, charitable, and political activities, in 1954 but has tolerated its operations with varying levels of interference. Muslim Brothers speak openly and publicly about their views and identify themselves as members of the organization, although they remain subject to arbitrary detention and pressure from the Government”. A range of sources report that large numbers of Muslim Brotherhood (MB) activists have been arrested or detained over recent years. -
Egypt 2015 Human Rights Report
EGYPT 2015 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY According to its constitution, Egypt is a republic governed by an elected president and a unicameral legislature. Domestic and international observers concluded the presidential election that took place in May 2014 was administered professionally and in line with the country’s laws, while also expressing serious concerns that government limitations on association, assembly, and expression constrained broad political participation. The constitution granted the president, Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, legislative authority until the election of the new parliament. Parliamentary elections occurred in several rounds from October through December, and the new parliament was scheduled to hold its first session on January 10, 2016. Domestic and international observers concluded that government authorities administered the parliamentary elections professionally and in accordance with the country’s laws. Observers expressed concern about restrictions on freedom of peaceful assembly, association, and expression and their negative effect on the political climate surrounding the elections. Civilian authorities maintained effective control over the security forces. The most significant human rights problems were excessive use of force by security forces, deficiencies in due process, and the suppression of civil liberties. Excessive use of force included unlawful killings and torture. Due process problems included the excessive use of preventative custody and pretrial detention, the use of military courts to -
Egyptian Activism in the Modern Era and the Role of Information and Communication Technologies Ramsey Dahab Florida International University, [email protected]
Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 9-25-2012 Egyptian Activism in the Modern Era and the Role of Information and Communication Technologies Ramsey Dahab Florida International University, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FI12111302 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Dahab, Ramsey, "Egyptian Activism in the Modern Era and the Role of Information and Communication Technologies" (2012). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 726. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/726 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida EGYPTIAN ACTIVISM IN THE MODERN ERA AND THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in INTERNATIONAL STUDIES by Ramsey Dahab 2012 To: Dean Kenneth G. Furton College of Arts and Sciences This thesis, written by Ramsey Dahab, and entitled Egyptian Activism in the Modern Era and the Role of Information and Communication Technology, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this thesis and recommend that it be approved. _______________________________________ Paul A. Kowert _______________________________________ Ronald W. Cox _______________________________________ Russell E. Lucas, Major Professor Date of Defense: September 25, 2012 The thesis of Ramsey Dahab is approved. -
The Impact of Social Networks and Mobile Technologies on the Revolutions in the Arab World—A Study of Egypt and Tunisia
Laws 2014, 3, 674–692; doi:10.3390/laws3040674 OPEN ACCESS laws ISSN 2075-471X www.mdpi.com/journal/laws/ Article The Impact of Social Networks and Mobile Technologies on the Revolutions in the Arab World—A Study of Egypt and Tunisia Alana Maurushat 1,*, Mohamed Chawki 2, Hadeel Al-Alosi 3 and Yassin el Shazly 4 1 Faculty of Law, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia 2 International Association of Cybercrime Prevention (AILCC), 1-3 rue Frédérick Lemaître, Paris 75020, France; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Faculty of Law, Humanities and Arts, The University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 College of Law, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-02-9835-8027. External Editor: Jane Bailey Received: 30 April 2014; in revised form: 9 September 2014 / Accepted: 11 September 2014 / Published: 9 October 2014 Abstract: Revolts in Tunisia and Egypt have led many observers to speak of the “first digital revolution” in the Arab world. Social media sites, such as Twitter and Facebook, are now recognised as the important tools that facilitated the “Jasmine Revolution”. In fact, the willingness of the Mubarak government to block all internet connection in Egypt has demonstrated the concern over the power of new technologies in facilitating political change. The tenacity of the social movements that are still on-going in the Arab world continues to demonstrate the important role that networked technologies—such as the internet, satellite channels and social networking sites—play in revolutions.