2O2O Report to Donors Lauren Howe-Kerr collecting coral samples for microbial analysis in Mo’orea, French Polynesia. Photo by Alex Veglia. From the Executive Officer

“2020 was a year like no other in memory.”

t underscored how crucial our need is for diversity, equity, and access. Together, we will “use rigorous scientific research, historical study, the Society’s resources to promote equality—and, in and examination and analysis of contemporary turn, enliven and strengthen the Society’s founding Isociety and events regionally, nationally, and mission of promoting useful knowledge.” globally. Critical thinking and intellectual honesty The Society’s dedication to fulfilling its mission are more than admirable personal characteristics; amidst crisis was recognized and supported by they are essential to our collective well-being as you—our wide-ranging community of Members, citizens of the United States and the world. Friends, awardees, foundations, collaborating In 2020, as always, the American Philosophical organizations, and others. You shared with the Society provided “a forum for the free exchange Society an excellent, even unprecedented, level of of ideas” and conveyed a shared “conviction philanthropic generosity that, in turn, made possible that intellectual inquiry and critical thought are the fullness of the APS’s response to the times, inherently in the best interest of the public.” bolstered its current well-being, and reinforced its Together, we did our utmost to respond to the foundation for future growth. year’s difficulties and imperatives with agility, Thanks to your vigorous support, the Society is flexibility, ingenuity, and resolve. On May 6 in in excellent financial health. Stewarded by the response to COVID-19, Council passed a rare Investment Committee, our endowment grew to public resolution on behalf of the entire elected approximately $250 million as of December 31, APS Membership calling on Congress to enact 2020. This past year marked the 15th anniversary a National Defense Education Act for the 21st of the Lewis and Clark Endowment Fund, which Century “to support at all levels the education supports exploration and field research. A fitting of America’s youth in science, history, analytical commemoration of this milestone was a bequest thinking, and the primacy of facts as the of nearly $935,000 from the Estate of Sibyl R. foundation of the nation’s future health, general Golden, which was directed to The William T. Golden well-being, and security.” Endowment for Lewis and Clark Grants in Scientific As the nation reckoned with racial justice in the Disciplines. wake of the police killing of George Floyd in Despite, or perhaps due to, the year’s challenges, Minneapolis and far too many similar incidents, 2020 was the most successful year ever in annual APS Members and staff paused to reflect on the giving to the Fund for the APS, which is comprised Society’s past—a history “inextricably entwined of the Members’ Annual Fund and Friends of the with race, slavery, and, later, pseudoscientific ideas APS. A total of $1,016,372 was raised in essential that supported and perpetuated racist beliefs and unrestricted funding and general support for the practices”—and to think about a future in which Society’s core programs—our superb Library, the APS will directly confront issues of inequality. Museum, Meetings, public programs, research grants Our shared commitment is to increase inclusion, and fellowships, and publications—an increase of

1 10.4% over 2019. Giving to the Fund for the APS included $702,379 from 311 Members and their families, and $313,993 from 406 Friends of the APS. Our humble appreciation and great credit for this achievement go to Kathleen Hall Jamieson (APS 1997), chair of the Fund for the APS; Rolin Bissell, Friends of the APS chair; and the devoted and unsparing work of all who serve on our respective

fundraising committees. Wahl. Brett by P hoto

Annual giving was further strengthened by the COVID-19 Response Challenge, a matching- funds effort that raised $169,000 to assist those whose access to the APS and its resources was adversely affected by the pandemic, including current APS grantees and fellows as well as in- Leadership grant from the Institute of Museum person and remote visitors. I extend profound and Library Services will fund the planning phase thanks and commendations to Drs. Jonathan Fox of Revolutionary City, a portal shared by the APS and Suzanne Markel-Fox, with whom I am honored with the Historical Society of Pennsylvania and the to have partnered in supporting the COVID-19 Library Company of Philadelphia that will provide Response Challenge by contributing its matching access to digitized archival material related to the funds. Financial resources raised by the Challenge, American Revolution. The NEH CARES grant also along with critical assistance from the National provided particular assistance for the exhibitions Endowment for the Humanities through an NEH Dr. Franklin, Citizen Scientist—which was installed CARES (Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic immediately before the pandemic required the Security) grant, allowed the APS to assist its APS to close its facilities until it will be safe—and current grantees and fellows in adapting to new Benjamin Franklin’s American Enlightenment, circumstances with proxy researchers, remote Documenting Early American Science at the assistance, etc.; extend the period of residency for American Philosophical Society. long-term library fellows; and accelerate digitization NEH CARES funding enabled the Society to create of the Society’s collection, making it nationally and a virtual tour and online catalog for Dr. Franklin, internationally accessible. Citizen Scientist, thereby sharing the exhibition’s Thanks to thoughtfully directed giving from treasures and insights digitally while we wait to philanthropic foundations and government open it physically. A silver lining revealed in the agencies, 2020 was, as well, an extraordinarily transition of APS programming from in-person to successful year for grant funding. The APS online is notable growth in the size and geographic received a $200,000 grant from the National diversity of its audience. 2020 saw a 40% Science Foundation’s Dynamic Language Program, increase in the Society’s audience, which included supporting the Society’s work in documenting individuals from across the U.S., South America, endangered languages. A $96,400 National Europe, Middle East, and South Asia participating in our offerings. Among the timely and topical APS 2 Meeting presentations that drew avid national the first transformative treatments adopted was and international interest was the November 12 the mending of the text and reattachment of the conversation about COVID-19 and progress in parchment binding of a rare third edition of Nicolaus developing vaccines between Dr. Anthony S. Fauci Copernicus’s work De Revolutionibus Orbium (APS 2001), Director of the National Institute Coelestium (Amsterdam, 1617), made possible by of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and Mark J. James H. Hill, Jr. Thompson (APS 2017), former director-general of Soon after March 16, when the APS closed to The British Broadcasting Corporation and former the public and staff began working from home, president and chief executive officer of The New the Society guaranteed ongoing full pay to all York Times Company. employees, including Museum Guides and those Notable among the many new contributions on the Facilities team whose work depends fully received is an endowment established by Lotte on an open building. A successful application for Bailyn in memory of her husband, Bernard Bailyn salary support through the Paycheck Protection (APS 1971), the preeminent historian of early Program of the CARES Act did much to mitigate the America, who in 2020 donated his personal library budgetary impact of that promise. to the APS Library & Museum. The Bernard Bailyn As I write this letter, neither I, my colleagues at Fund will support related activities in acquiring the APS, nor members of the scientific community early American materials. During this year, the or government leaders can say with certainty Society’s commitment to scholarly research and when the Society and the country will return to public outreach about the era of the American “normal” and what that normal will look like. But I Revolution was strengthened by the consummation am heartened and truly humbled, in reviewing 2020 of the Society’s partnership with the David Library and remembering what was accomplished against of the American Revolution, thus creating the significant odds. I extend my deep gratitude to the endowed David Center for the American Revolution Members, Friends, and APS staff, and all individuals in the APS Library. and entities who make our work possible and We extend thanks and commendations to John excellent. You have shown unfailing commitment (APS 2005) and Christine Van Horne for prepaying to the Society over many, many years. Your rallying their planned gift to the APS and establishing the together in 2020—a time of paralyzing pandemic, John C. and Christine K. Van Horne Fund, a Librarian social unrest, and political upheaval—not only to Discretionary Endowment Fund. As of December maintain but to enhance the impact of 31, 2020, there are 99 members of the Richard the APS—will forever be a source of inspiration A. F. Penrose, Jr., Association—which recognizes and pride. planned giving to the APS—who created lasting With gratitude and appreciation, legacies at the Society by naming it a beneficiary in their wills, retirement accounts or insurance policies, or establishing a charitable trust or annuity.

The Society extended the success of its enthusias- tically embraced Adopt-A-Book program with the Robert M. Hauser launch of Adopt-A-Conservation Treatment. Among

3

David Center for the American Revolution at the aps

ol Feinstone, a Lithuanian-Jewish immigrant The richness, breadth, and diversity of the David who arrived in the U.S. alone and penniless Center’s collection will further galvanize the Society’s in 1902 at age 14, grew into a successful energetic exhibition and educational programs. In Sbusinessman, philanthropist, and collector. January 2020, a debut call for applicants for David He believed that close study of the American Founders’ Center Fellowships was made, continuing and values—as stated in their own words in original enhancing DLAR’s 30-year tradition of awarding documents—and the events of the Revolutionary residencies and support to scholars who have gone Period is essential to creating an informed citizenry on to write hundreds of dissertations, academic equipped to comprehend those foundational principles articles, academic papers, and books, and to teach at and apply them to the ever-evolving circumstances major institutions of higher learning worldwide about of American society. So inspired, Feinstone (1888– the American Revolution and Founding Era. 1980) founded the David Library of the American

Revolution in 1960 in Washington Crossing, Bucks J. B. Forrest [Friedrich County. Last year, Feinstone’s mission, legacy, and gift Wilhelm von Steuben], n.d. Hand-colored to the American people grew with the establishment engraving mounted of the David Center for the American Revolution at on cardboard from the American Philosophical Society. In 2020, the APS an original portrait by Ralph Earl, 127 x 165 mm. and DLAR worked together to identify and make the Collection of the David essential first steps toward realizing the David Center’s Center for the American potential as an unparalleled resource for achieving Revolution at the American Philosophical civic and social good through scholarly research and Society. publicly accessible learning and teaching.

On February 26, 2020, approximately 7,500 books Another key advance launched in 2020 is digitization and 9,000 reels of microfilm—showing over a million of the David Center’s collection, with approximately pages of materials representing more than 60 archives 500 documents digitized to date. Once fully digitized, across the country—were moved with painstaking care the David Center’s collection will be accessible to and precision from DLAR’s former home in Washington scholars around the world. Patrick Spero (APS 2019), Crossing to the APS. They joined over 25 linear feet of Librarian and Director of the APS Library, notes “The manuscripts placed by DLAR in the APS’s care over 50 David Center will be a national and international years of close collegiality. powerhouse for the study of all things related to the Revolutionary era.” This wealth of rare and remarkable material presents early American history focused on both well-known Key funding for the David Center comes from luminaries—one highlight is an extensive cache of the DLAR’s sale in October 2020 of its former George Washington’s correspondence—and relatively home—118-acre Buckstone Farm—to the Heritage unsung heroes such as Tadueusz Kos´ciuszko Conservancy, a non-profit organization whose (APS 1785; pictured here). A Polish-Lithuanian mission is to preserve and protect the natural and military engineer, Kos´ciuszko served the American historic heritage of Pennsylvania, and Pennsylvania’s revolutionary cause from 1776 to 1884, strengthening Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. and building fortifications and commanding troops. Proceeds from this sale and the David Library’s endowment, now managed by the APS, provide Opposite Thaddeus Kosciuszko, 1797. Hand-colored engraving from an original miniature by J. Chapman, 89 x 140 mm. funding to continue its fellowship program and Collection of the David Center for the American Revolution at scholarly programs. the American Philosophical Society. 5 fund for the american philosophical society 2020

Virtuoso Circle ($50,000+) Ms. Rebecca W. Rimel & Dr. John D. Baldeschwieler & Mr. & Mrs. A. Bruce Mainwaring Mr. Patrick J. Caldwell Ms. Marlene R. Konnar Drs. Jonathan C. Fox & Dr. Judith R. Shapiro Ms. Maureen A. Barrett & suzanne Markel-Fox Dr. & Mrs. Samuel O. Thier Mr. Mike Templeton The Leslie Miller & Dr. Jane E. Blumberg & Mr. Mark Thompson The Barrington Foundation, Inc. Richard Worley Foundation Dr. Harriet Zuckerman Dr. Marshall J. Becker Dr. & Mrs. Paul Berg Nullo Discrimini Circle Independence Circle ($2,500-$4,999) Drs. R. Stephen & Carla F. Berry ($25,000-$49,999) Dr. Clyde F. Barker Dr. Alan S. Blinder Mr. & Mrs. Richard J. Franke Mr. Peter A. Benoliel & Ms. Willo Carey Dr. Matthew F. Bokovoy Dr. Robert M. Hauser Dr. Victoria R. Bricker Mr. Kenneth M. Boyd Dr. Kathleen Hall Jamieson The Brinkman Family Foundation Dr. & Mrs. Lewis M. Branscomb The H.F. Lenfest Fund of the Dr. Martine W. Brownley Dr. Peter Brooks philadelphia Foundation Dr. Caroline W. Bynum Mrs. Louise W. Carter Mr. Joseph Neubauer & Drs. Elizabeth Cropper & Emily & Mike Cavanagh Ms. Jeanette Lerman-Neubauer Charles G. Dempsey Dr. Peter C. Chabora Pennsylvania Historical & Drs. Jacqueline K. Barton & Peter B. Dervan Dr. Carol T. Christ Museum Commission Dr. John M. Deutch Dr. Joel E. Cohen & Ms. Rosanna Warren Mr. & Mrs. John S. Reed Drs. Harvey V. Fineberg & Mary E. Wilson Dr. & Ms. Jonathan R. Cole Drs. James H. & Marilyn H. Simons Drs. Julia H. & Thomas K. Gaisser Dr. Jonathan Culler & Ms. Cynthia Chase Drs. Howard Gardner & Ellen Winner Mrs. Ineke M. Dikland 1743 Circle ($10,000-$24,999) Mr. & Mrs. Conrad K. Harper Mr. Joseph W. Dooley Rolin P. & Avery B. Bissell Mr. Ben W. Heineman, Jr. & Peter Dougherty & Elizabeth Hock Lois G. & Julian A. Brodsky Ms. Cristine Russell Dortone Esser Foundation Ms. Maude T.M. de Schauensee Guy R. & Susan S. Henshaw Carolyn N. & Joseph M. Evans, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. William B. Eagleson, Jr. Dr. Evelyn B. Higginbotham Drs. Ron & Julie Fairman Dr. & Mrs. Lawrence H. Einhorn Dr. Susan Band Horwitz Drs. Susan T. Fiske & Douglas S. Massey Mme Meredith M. Frapier Dr. Tony Hunter Dr. Paul H. Freedman Ms. Linda Greenhouse Ann S. & Steven B. Hutton Dr. Bruce W. Frier Mr. & Mrs. Robert C. Legnini Drs. Lynn Hunt & Margaret C. Jacob Dr. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. Mrs. Ella Warren Miller The Honorable Nancy Kassebaum Baker Mr. George L. Gibson & Ms. Linda Johns Dr. Frank* H.T. & Mrs. Rosa Rhodes Professor Catherine Lafarge Ms. Juliet Goodfriend & Mr. Marc Moreau Dr. Rogers M. Smith & Ms. Mary Summers Dr. Gene E. Likens Herman Goldner Co., Inc. Dr. Jianguo “Jack” Liu & Ms. Qiuyun Wang Drs. Loren R. & Patricia Albjerg Graham Founder’s Circle ($5,000-$9,999) Dr. John Nichols Loeb Mr. Frank Gruber Dr. Leslie C. Aiello Drs. Rowena G. & Larry S. Matthews Drs. Patricia & Ira Gruber Barbara B. & Theodore R. Aronson Ms. Julie Packard/Applewood Dr. & Mrs. Werner Gundersheimer Dr. Gordon A. Baym & Ms. Cathrine Blom Fund at the Community Foundation Mr. David W. Haas Mrs. Margaret Bearn of Santa Cruz County Dr. Louise Hanson The Benkovic Family Foundation Zoë S. Pappas Dr. Margaret M. Healy Dr. Glen W. Bowersock Mr. & Mrs. Robert M. Peck Dr. John L. Heilbron & Ms. Alison Browning Dr. & Mrs. John I. Brauman The Philadelphia Cultural Fund Dr. John L. Hennessy Drs. Gerhard & Regina Casper Pine Tree Foundation of New York Drs. Richard & Valerie J. Herr Dr. Richard S. Dunn Jonathan E. Rhoads Trust Drs. John G. Hildebrand & Gail D. Burd Mr. Kenneth Frazier Dr. Eleanor A. Roach Dr. David Hollinger Dr. & Mrs. Charles M. Geschke Mr. & Mrs. Jerry G. Rubenstein Dr. Leroy E. Hood & Ms. Valerie Logan Drs. Harry B. & Shirley Gray Dr. & Mrs. Paul Schimmel Dr. & Mrs. William H. Hooke Mr. Jeff Grimes/Graffen Dr. Richard M. Shiffrin & Ms. Judith A. Mahy Drs. Sarah B. & Daniel B. Hrdy Business Systems, Inc. Dr. & Mrs. Lubert Stryer Dr. Nina G. Jablonski & Mr. George Chaplin Drs. Linda Z. & Nicholas Holland Dr. & Mrs. Keith Stewart Thomson Ms. Sarah Jackson The Joan & Irwin Jacobs Fund of the Dr. Alar Toomre Dr. Maija Jansson Jewish Community Foundation Dr. & Mrs. Warren M. Washington Yardly & Scott Jenkins of San Diego Dr. Pauline Yu Joan M. Johnson Dr. Mary Patterson McPherson Drs. Jiri & Ana Jonas Mr. Edward A. Montgomery, Jr. Philosophical Circle ($1,000-$2,499) Dr. Alexander Jones Drs. Barbara B. Oberg & Anonymous (2) Dr. Christopher P. Jones J. Perry Leavell, Jr. Mrs. Neysa Adams Dr. William Chester Jordan Dr. Stuart Orkin Dr. & Mrs. Bruce Alberts Dr. Linda K. Kerber Dr. Fernando Pereira Dr. & Mrs. Roger S. Bagnall Mr. Chris & Mrs. Celia Lang Dr. Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot

*Deceased 6 fund for the american philosophical society 2020 Acquisitions

Adopt-A-Book

mong many outstanding additions to the collections made possible Athrough generous participation by Members and Friends in the APS Adopt- A-Book program are an 1889 catechism in the Native American Cree language by the Roman Catholic priest Jean Pierre Guéguen (pictured above), adopted by Rowena (APS 2009) and Larry Matthews, and an 1833 letter from John Vaughan to his fellow APS Member Julius Timoleon, he permanent collections of the APS are tangible a professor of chemistry and geology at and instructive testimony to the central role of the the University of Maryland, asking for help tSociety and Philadelphia in the nation’s founding securing materials to inform John Burk and the development of science and technology from and Louis Hue Girardin in writing of their the 18th through early 20th centuries. Many works came magisterial History of Virginia, adopted by as gifts from generous and public-minded Members and Adam Najarian. Friends. This tradition of giving remains strong. For information about how you could Illustrated here is an example from a group of 15 important help support the acquisition and care watercolor-on-vellum botanical images by preeminent for collection-transforming books and natural-history artist Pancrace Bessa (French, 1772–1835), manuscripts, please see www.amphilsoc. which were presented as a gift by George Hecksher. org/adopt-a-book. Left to right Dr. Anthony S. Fauci (APS 2001), Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and Mark J. Thompson (APS 2017), former director-general of The British Broadcasting Corporation and former president and chief executive officer of The New York Times Company. Meetings

very year since its founding in 1743, keynote address. Dr. Anthony S. Fauci (APS 2001) the APS has hosted General Meetings joined Mark J. Thompson (APS 2017) to discuss the Eproviding unique opportunities to reflect state of the pandemic and the promise of vaccines. and engage the full breadth of intellectual Alondra Nelson (APS 2020), president of the Social curiosity possessed by the Society’s Members Science Research Council, and Institute of Advanced and distinguished guests. The APS responded to Study professor Harold F. Linder spoke of “Society the challenges of 2020 with characteristic agility after Pandemic.” by presenting its November General Meeting online—as it has all public programs during the coronavirus pandemic—reaching an audience expanded in size and reach through technology: 578 unique viewers representing 24 states and nine countries.

On November 11 to 13 the Society presented 10 talks, conversations, and experiences. Scholarly discovery was joined by artistic inspiration in a performance by pianist Jeremy Denk and dancer and choreographer Twyla Tharp (APS 2015) sharing the life lessons she has learned about achieving fulfillment and health. The presentations were, as always, both substantive and timely. Among them: Lawrence D. Bobo Merlin Sheldrake, Independent Scholar, on (APS 2008) explored “A Failure to Heal: Race Entangled Lives: Fungi, Ecology, and Us. and Politics in the United States” in the Meeting’s 8 Lawrence D. Bobo (APS 2008), Dean and W. E. B. Du Bois Professor of the Social Sciences at Harvard University.

In Conversation: David M. Rubenstein (APS 2019), Co-Founder and Co-Executive Chair, The Carlyle Group; Chair, The Kennedy Center for Performing Arts; and Chair, The Smithsonian Institution; and Danielle Allen (APS 2015), James Bryant Conant University Professor and Director Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics, Harvard University.

9 Philosophical Circle ($1,000-$2,499 Mr. David A. Chapin Dr. Barbara Saylor Rodgers continued from page 6) Dr. Michael T. Clegg Mr. & Mrs. Franklyn Rodgers Dr. Richard Lenski Drs. Rita R. & Jack H. Colwell Dr. Karl S. Roth Mr. Kenneth J. & Dr. & Mrs. Joseph Connors Mrs. Carolyn A. Scheer-Luce Dr. Leonore Huppert Levin Professor Michael A. Cook Dr. Randy W. Schekman & Ms. Nancy Walls Dr. Stephen J. Lippard Dr. James E. Darnell, Jr. Barbara A. Shailor & Harry W. Blair Dr. & Mrs. Kenneth M. Ludmerer Dr. Regna Darnell Ms. Kathleen D. Shea Ms. Sara Miller McCune Dr. Pierre Deligne & Ms. Elena Alexeeva The Honorable David S. & Dr. Edith Tatel Mr. Dennis C. McGlade Tobey & Mark Dichter Dr. Beverly Daniel Tatum Ms. Joyce Carol Oates Mr. Norman E. Donoghue & Mr. & Mrs. Philip Trainer, Jr. Dr. Edward J. Olszewski Ms. Peggy O’Donnell Ms. Billie Tsien & Mr. Tod Williams Dr. & Mrs. John A. Orcutt Dr. Roger L. Easton, Jr. Dr. & Mrs. Peter H. von Hippel Dr. Claire L. Parkinson Dr. David S. & Mrs. Lucy Eisenberg Ms. Judith B. C. Wagner Kathleen Peck Dr. & Mrs. W. Gary Ernst Dr. Bernard C. Watson Dr. Richard E. Quandt Dr. Doris & Mr. Robert N. Fanelli Dr. Marianne S. Wokeck Dr. J.E. Rhoads Family/ Harvey & Susan Feinberg Buckingham Mountain Foundation Mrs. Daisy H. Fitch Sustaining Circle ($250-$499) Anthony W. & Susan M. Roberts Mrs. Judah Folkman Anonymous (3) Drs. David D. & Zulema J. Sabatini Mrs. Nancy G. Frederick Mr. George J. Ahern Drs. Jeremy A. & Paula L.W. Sabloff Dr. Mary K. Gaillard Ms. Alexandra Q. Aldridge Mr. & Mrs. Henry B. Schacht Ms. Elizabeth H. Gemmill Dr. D. James Baker & Mrs. Emily Lind Baker Professor Michael Sela Dr. & Mrs. Owen J. Gingerich Dr. Marcus Berliant Drs. Irwin I. & Marian Shapiro Dr. Philip Gingerich & Ms. Holly Smith Dr. George Bernstein Drs. Ronald K. & Suzanne C. Smeltzer Dr. William Graham Dr. Joseph C. Besharse Dr. Patrick K. Spero Dr. Carol J. Greenhouse Drs. Ann M. Blair & Jonathan Yedidia Dr. Joan A. Steitz Dr. Diane Griffin The Honorable G. Thomas Bowen Dr. Frank H. Stewart & Dr. Barbara J. Grosz Dr. Donald D. Brown Ms. Cindy Niedoroda Mrs. Hannah L. Henderson Dr. Nicholas Canny Mr. Jay Robert Stiefel & Mr. & Mrs. Harry E. Hill III Mr. Robert S. Cavanaugh Ms. Ann Chahbandour Mr. & Mrs. James H. Hill, Jr. Dr. John Clarke Ms. Kathleen M. Sullivan Mrs. Lorraine W. Hilleman Mr. Peter Conn Dr. & Mrs. Noel M. Swerdlow Dr. Gerhart Hoffmeister Ed & Pat Coyle Mr. Paul & Dr. Wendy Tackett Ms. Linda R. Jacobs Dr. Frederick H. Damon Dr. Robert Tarjan & Ms. Nayla Rizk Dr. Richard C.M. Janko Dr. Andrew Delbanco Dr. Richard J. Tarrant Dr. Richard L. Kagan & Kitty & Bob DeMento Mr. John A. Terrill & Ms. Mary Jane Barrett Ms. Marianna Simpson Ms. Nancy L. Dilcher Dr. F. Christian Thompson Dr. Jean Karle Dean & Mr. Dale Dean Drs. Paula S. Fass & John E. Lesch Dr. Orhan C. Tuncay Dr. Laura Kiessling Dorothy & Jack Foltz Dr. & Mrs. P. Roy Vagelos Dr. Philip Kitcher Dr. & Mrs. Victor R. Fuchs Dr. & Mrs. John C. Van Horne Dr. & Mrs. Donald E. Knuth Dr. Ellen V. Futter Dr. & Mrs. Claudio Vita-Finzi Professor John A. Koumoulides Professor Jane C. Ginsburg & Dr. Peter K. Vogt Dr. Patricia Lakin-Thomas Mr. George T. Spera, Jr. Mrs. Peggy B. Wachs Mr. Robert J. & Mrs. Leslie S. LaRocca Professor Annette Gordon-Reed Drs. David B. & Marvalee H. Wake Dr. David Levering Lewis & Dr. Eva Reinitz The John W. Warner, IV Foundation, Inc. Ms. Ruth Ann Stewart Dr. Charlotte Greenspan Samina & Jeffrey Weil Dr. Glenn D. Lowry Dr. Vartan Gregorian Dr. Marna C. Whittington Dr. Jane Lubchenco Mr. & Mrs. Larry Grika Dr. Carl Wunsch James MacElderry & Marilyn Fishman Dr. Jeremiah Hackett Dr. Michael A. Marletta & Dr. Stephen C. Harrison Supporting Circle ($500-$999) Ms. Margaret Gutowski Mr. Denison Hatch Anonymous (6) Mr. & Mrs. David W. Maxey Dr. Carla H. Hay Dr. Hans Aarsleff Drs. Dusa McDuff & John W. Milnor Dr. & Mrs. Dudley R. Herschbach Franny & Franny Abbott Dr. Anna T. Meadows Lynne & Harold Honickman Alexis & Geoffrey Anderson Dr. Richard G. Menaker Mrs. Annabelle P. Irey Dr. Babak Ashrafi & Ms. Vivion Vinson Dr. & Mrs. Richard A. Meserve Dr. Robert G. Jaeger Dr. Francisco J. Ayala Drs. Barbara J. Meyer & Thomas W. Cline Drs. Martin Jay & Catherine Gallagher Dr. Teodolinda Barolini Drs. Elliot M. Meyerowitz & Joan A. Kobori Dr. Donald F. Johnson Dr. Mina J. Bissell Dr. Roger Myerson & Dr. David M. Kennedy Dr. Jerry A. Boling Mrs. Regina M. Weber Myerson Dr. Martin Kern Dr. Lee C. & Ms. Jean Magnano Bollinger Ms. Janet Napolitano Dr. M.B. Kirkham Ms. Kerry L. Bryan Ms. Jean D. Parmelee Janet S. Klein Professor Sir David Cannadine Dr. Alejandro Portes & Dr. Judith P. Klinman The Catherwood Family Fund professor Patricia Fernandez-Kelly Dr. & Mrs. Andrew H. Knoll of the Philadelphia Foundation Dr. & Mrs. Jack N. Rakove Dr. E. Philip Krider Dr. Sevgi B. Rodan Lourdes & Allan J. Kuethe 10 Charles B. & Lucinda S. Landreth Dr. Susan M. Babbitt Mrs. Constance T. Fong Mr. Frederick Lawrence Dr. Donald M. & Mrs. Adelaide Bahr Mr. Bob Frishman Dr. Richard D. Leppert Drs. Robin B. Barnes & Ann Lee Bressler Dr. Louanna Furbee Dr. Margaret Levi & Mr. Robert D. Kaplan Ms. Regina M. Barry Dr. Fred H. Gage Dr. & Ms. Richard C. Levin Dr. George F. Bass Dr. & Mrs. Richard L. Garwin Dr. Lewis Lockwood Dr. Kamaljit Bawa Dr. Sheldon L. Glashow Mr. Yo-Yo Ma & Ms. Jill Alison Hornor Dr. Susannah F. & Mr. Peter Baxendale Dr. Jack Glazier Cirel & Howard Magen Dr. Paul Bechly Mrs. Lupe R. Gonzalez Dr. Thomas R. McGuire Dr. Howard C. & Mrs. Mary G. Berg Dr. Kenneth Gouwens Mr. Barry J. McKeown Mr. Lawrence H. Berger Ms. Barbara D. Grabias Mrs. Elizabeth P. McLean Dr. Sandra M. Berwind Dr. Jack O. & Mrs. Helaine Greenberg Dr. Marcia K. McNutt & Captain Ian W. Young Mr. John W. Bierhorst Dr. Paul F. Grendler Dr. Raymond A. Mentzer Ms. Deborah Dilworth Bishop Dr. James A. Gross Mr. & Mrs. Carl F. Miller Dr. Thomas N. Bisson Dr. Eric S. Gruen Dr. Randall M. Miller Dr. Harriet Blitzer Elissa & Stanley Guralnick Dr. Vernon R. Morris, Jr. Dr. Olwyn M. Blouet Mr. Norman Gutzait Mr. Mark Morris Dr. Christine R. Boake Mr. Michael S. Hairston Dr. Alexander Nehamas Dr. Harvey S. Borovetz Dr. Debra Hansen Ms. Barbara Oldenhoff Mr. Rufus Cole Botzow Dr. Paul R. Hanson Dr. Thomas F. Patterson Dr. James W. Boyd Dr. Prudence O. Harper Dr. P. James & Mrs. Alison Peebles Dr. & Mrs. Victor H. Brombert Mr. Raymond E. Haupt Professors Janet I. & Genaro J. Pérez Professor Peter R. Brown & Professor & Mrs. Michael Hearn Dr. Marjorie G. Perloff Mrs. Elizabeth Gilliam Brown Dr. Jane Hickman Dr. Michael C.J. Putnam Dr. James A. Brown Dr. Jennifer Higdon Professors Judith Resnik & Dennis E. Curtis Dr. Mark A. Burkholder Dr. Hopi Hoekstra Dr. Stuart A. Rice & Ms. Ruth M. O’Brien Charles & Margo Burnette Ms. Frances G. Hoenigswald Dr. Daniel K. Richter Dr. Charles E. Butterworth Dr. Richard C. Hoffmann Dr. Brunilde S. & Mr. Henry W. Ridgway, Jr. The Honorable & Mrs. Guido Calabresi Mr. & Mrs. Robert H. Hogan James W. Rook & Susan F. Ackerman Dr. Roderic A. Camp Ms. Elizabeth P. Holt Dr. Anne C. Rose Dr. Charles D. Cashdollar Dr. Jeffrey A. Horwitz Diane F. Rossheim Dr. David J. Cast Mr. Neal J. Howard Dr. Janice G. Schimmelman Mr. Alfred M. Cavalari Professor Herman Hunger Dr. & Mrs. Paul L. Schraeder Dr. Joseph T. Chen Irene & Nils Jacobsen Sandpoint Associates, LLC/Ted J. Dr. John R. Clarke Dr. Susan J. Jacobson Schwartzman Dr. Jacquelyn Collins Clinton Dr. Robert Jervis Dr. Ian Shapiro Mr. Howell Cohen Ms. Valerie M. Jones & Mr. Don Lessem Dr. Kay K. & Mr. Jack S. Shelemay Dr. Eleanor A. Congdon Dr. & Mrs. Thomas H. Jordan Mr. Daniel & Mrs. Laura Dirksen Shub Dr. & Mrs. W. Robert Connor Richard & Pat Judd Professor Raoul N. Smith Ms. Martha Cornog Mr. Jerold R. Kappes Dr. & Mrs. Hugo F. Sonnenschein Mr. Eric Crahan Dr. & Mrs. Stanley N. Katz The Honorable David H. Souter Drs. Patricia L. Crown & Wirt H. Wills Dr. & Mrs. Peter J. Katzenstein Dr. Stephen & Mrs. Virginia Stigler John & Fern Culhane Dr. & Mrs. Kenneth I. Kellermann Dr. David W. Stockton Mrs. Therese L. Baker-Degler Dr. Alice Kessler-Harris Professor Geoffrey R. Stone Dr. Raymond J. DeMallie Rob & Sue Kettell Dr. Shelley Taylor Professor Dennis C. Dickerson Dr. Daniel J. & Mrs. Bettyann Kevles Timon Family Fund Dr. John A. Diemer Mrs. Edwin D. Kilbourne of the Delaware Community Foundation Dr. David J. Diephouse Mrs. Leon Knopoff Dr. Eugene P. Trani Dr. Paul DiMaggio Dr. Erick D. Langer Mr. Keith Walter Dr. Mim Harris Dixon Dr. Alan H. Lareau Mr. & Mrs. William G. Warden IV Dr. Linda J. Docherty Dr. John C. Lavezzi Drs. Susan R. Wessler & Sheldon M. Schuster Dr. Lance Donaldson-Evans Dr. Anthony J. LaVopa Dr. Gerald S. Wilkinson Mrs. Mary K. Doran Professor Paul A. Liebman Dr. John Wilmerding Bill Double & Patricia Callahan Mr. & Mrs. Joseph W. Lippincott III Mr. & Mrs. John Wolfe Drs. Michael W. Doyle & Amy Gutmann Dr. Hans H. Liu Mr. Augustus Wright Dr. Emanuel J. Drechsel Dr. Thomas E. Lovejoy Dr. Mark S. Wrighton Dr. Kathleen Duval & Mr. Martin Smith Dr. Natalia Lozovsky Professor Raymond A. Dwek Sir Colin Lucas Benefactors Circle ($100-$249) Dr. William A. Edmundson Townsend Ludington Anonymous (8) Mrs. Robert Fagles Dr. Susan Snow Lukesh Dr. Lillian A. Ackerman Drs. Marcus W. & S. Shirley Feldman Dr. Barry N. Lurie Robert Adams Lily & Peter Ferry Dr. Michael Maas Dr. Charles M. Adelman Dr. Norman S. Fiering Dr. Rudolph A. Marcus Dr. Kenneth L. Ames Mrs. Walter M. Fitch William & Patricia Martin Nahid Aslanbeigui

11 Benefactors Circle ($100-$249) Dr. Joan E. & Mr. C. Michael Spero Dr. Richard O. Clemmer-Smith Dr. Walter E. Massey Dr. Howard Spodek Ms. Katherine Condon Dr. Ralph W. Mathisen Dr. Robert P. Sprafkin Dr. Ronald E. Coons Mr. Dritan Matraku & Mrs. Brunilda Matraku Dr. Larry R. Squire Dr. Paul A. David Roderick & Michelle McDonald Mr. Philip N. Steel, Jr. Dr. Thomas W. Davis Mr. & Mrs. Mark E. McKenzie Dr. Lester D. Stephens Ms. Rosanna Dent Dr. Michael S. McPherson & Ms. Sandy Baum Patricia Tyson Stroud Dr. Catherine D’Ignazio Dr. Michael R. McVaugh Dr. Timothy N. Tackett Ms. Christine Dvorak Dr. Stephen E. & Mrs. Alexandra J. Medvec Dr. James M. Taggart Dr. Melvin Edelstein Dr. Thomas H. Meedel Dr. & Mrs. Joseph H. Taylor, Jr. Mr. Anthony Esposito Mr. Albert Meinster & Ms. Judith Silbermann Drs. Lonnie G. & Ellen Mosley-Thompson Dr. Lee W. Formwalt Dr. Naomi F. Miller Dr. Vetta L. Sanders Thompson Dr. Michael J. Gaughan & Ms. Harriet G. Monshaw Dr. Ronald W. Tobin Ms. Ann Marie Hinkel Dr. Jeffrey J. Morris Ms. Anna C. Toogood Dr. Eugene Giles Dr. Charles & Mrs. Margaret Morscheck Dr. & Mrs. Daniel H. Trachtenberg Dr. Carol Gluck Drs. Roger W. Moss & Gail C. Winkler Dr. Thomas R. Tritton Dr. Istvan Gombocz William & Christine Mundt Mr. Carmen D. Valentino Mimi Hanks-Bell & Richard Bell Dr. Jane M. Murphy-Leighton Dr. Frances Van Keuren Dr. Laurence M. Hauptman Dr. Carolyn Nadeau Dr. Christopher Vecsey Dr. James D. Henderson Dr. Thomas Nagel Mrs. Marilyn D. Vignola Dr. Gordon L. Hendler Dr. Susan Naquin Dr. David William Voorhees Constance V. Hershey Dr. Gary B. Nash Dr. & Mrs. Christopher T. Walsh, Jr. Ms. Eleanor T. Hertel Ms. Guity Nashat Becker Dr. Terry Walz Dr. Alison Hilton Mrs. Norman D. Newell Dr. James A. Ward III Dr. Harold W. Horowitz Dr. William T. Newsome III Dr. Peter M. Waser Lucy Bell Jarka-Sellers Dr. Katherine O’Brien O’Keeffe Dr. Ellis A. Wasson Dr. Lawrence A. Joseph Dr. Maria Rosa Olivera-Williams Captain Lawrence Weill, USN Mr. & Mrs. Ivan J. Jurin Mr. & Mrs. Lanny R. Patten Dr. Jack Weiner Ms. Rebecca A. Kamen Dr. John G. Pedley Dr. Linda Welters Dr. Robert E. Kay Dr. Steven J. Peitzman Mr. TommyLee Whitlock Dr. Tamara Ketabgian Dr. Paula B. Pendergrass Mr. August F. Widmaier Dr. Arthur E. Kopelman Dr. René Peritz Dr. Benjamin Widom Dr. Donald A. Maguire Professor Sean Perrone Dr. David R. Wilcox Dr. Barbara C. Malt Steven J. & Betsy Phillips Dr. Barbara Will Dr. Peter J. Manning Ms. Susan M. Pierce & Mr. James L. Matlock Dr. Irene J. Winter Dr. David S. McDevitt Dr. Sarah B. Pomeroy Ms. Linda Witt Dr. Lise Menn Dr. V. Ramanathan Dr. Mary Ann Frese Witt Dr. Nelson H. Minnich Dr. Walter J. Reedy Ms. Joan P. Wohl Dr. James Morganstern Dr. Alison F. Richard Ms. Jean K. Wolf Dr. Wilson J. Moses Dr. Luke & Ms. Yachiyo Roberts Dr. Susan R. Wolf Mr. Dennis Murphy Dr. Thomas R. Rocek & Dr. Gordon S. Wood Dr. Evelyn S. Newlyn Ms. Karen R. Rosenberg Dr. Larzer Ziff Ms. Joan Nikelsky Dr. Judith Rollins Dr. Jay Zimmerman Dr. Roberta J.M. Olson Dr. Joel T. & Mrs. Naomi Rosenthal Mr. Marc Ziss Dr. Robert O. Paxton Mr. Eric Rugart Dr. David S. Peterson Dr. George Rupp Additional Gifts Ms. Carol J. Price Dr. Robin Sabino Anonymous (5) Dr. Lewis R. Pyenson Dr. Robert J. Sampson Ms. Elizabeth Armour Mr. Dennis Raible Dr. Jennifer R. Scanlon Dr. Carmen Arnold-Biucchi Dr. Joel A. Sachs Ms. Deena & Mr. Tom Schneider Dr. Jere L. Bacharach Professor David Harris Sacks Dr. Frederick L. & Mrs. Claudia Schwab Dr. Constance A. H. Berman Mr. Bruce Schaffer Dr. David S. Seigler Mr. Dylan Buckner Dr. Marilyn Schwinn Smith Dr. E. Howard Shealy Dr. Joyce L. Burnette Mr. Christopher Smith & Dr. April G. Shelford Professor Catherine Cameron Ms. Martha Witte Dr. Robert D. & Mrs. Lura Mae Sider Dr. David A. Cape Dr. Damie Stillman Peter M. Silverberg & Anne Silverberg Mr. Timothy P. Carey Dr. Mark A. Stoler Madlen & Marc Simon Bliss & Brigitte Carnochan Mrs. Rayla G. Temin Dr. David C. Skaggs Dr. Maureen A. Carr Drs. Thomas Uzzell & Christina Spolsky Dr. Judith Bailey Slagle Mr. Michael Carroll Dr. Mary B. Wickwire Ms. Sarah L.O. Smith Ms. Karyl Carter Dr. Weili Ye Dr. David & Mrs. Barbara Snyderman Dr. Kalyan Chatterjee Professor Russell Zguta Dr. Suzanne Spain

12 Publications

Pre-Columbian Maya interest in the waxing and waning of the Moon has long been studied and documented. Lunar Calendars of the Pre-Columbian Maya (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, volume 109, part 1), by Harvey M. Bricker and Victoria Reifler Bricker (APS 2002), contributes dramatically to this field by bringing together two highly disparate areas of study: positional astronomy and Maya hieroglyphic writing. This rare interdisciplinary approach allows a thorough interpretation of the relationship between astronomical concepts found in the Maya codices and monumental inscriptions. The result is a comprehensive study of the Maya lunar calendar that builds upon the Brickers’ Astronomy in the Maya Codices, published by the APS in 2011.

Photo of totem by Harvey M. Bricker. Book cover design by International Graphic Services. 9 Conference opening and keynote speakers (clockwise from top left): Curtis Zunigha (Delaware Tribe of Indians), Jennifer O’Neill (Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde, University of Oregon), Lisa Brooks (Abenaki, Amherst College), Brian Carpenter (CNAIR), and Alyssa Mt. Pleasant (Tuscarora descendant, SUNY-Buffalo).

APS Programming Goes All-Virtual with the Native American Scholars Initiative Conference and More

s people around the world began to showcasing scholarship made possible by the live the “remote” existence required to Society’s Native American Scholars Initiative (NASI). Aovercome the COVID-19 pandemic— Presented on Zoom from September 21 to 25 were often working, attending school, and securing topics that looked to the past, present, and future, household needs online from home—the including “All Stories Have More Than One Voice: APS anticipated and quickly answered the Telling Native History Today in the 21st Century,” corresponding human need to nourish mind and “Consult, Collaborate, and Listen: Decolonizing spirit by engaging with art, culture, entertainment, Archival Research,” “Maya Testimonies in the Visual and pursuit of intellectual interests. By April, History Archive: Violence, Linguistics, and Self- the Society was sharing online the full range of Determination,” and “Utilizing Online Technology to thought-provoking programming—activities for Improve Access to Indigenous Language and Use.” students, exhibition tours, writing workshops, For almost 100 years, the Society has supported informal “Brown Bag” presentations, public research on Native American culture and history seminars, research conferences, and more—it through its Phillips Fund program. Launched in had previously offered in person, and doing so in 2016 with support from The Andrew W. Mellon keeping with its long-established and vibrantly Foundation, NASI builds on the collaborative, evolving standards of excellence. community-engaged work of the American One highlight in the APS’s newly virtual Philosophical Society’s Center for Native American offerings was Relationships, Reciprocity, and and Indigenous Research (CNAIR) by fostering the Responsibilities: Indigenous Studies in Archives development of the next generation of Indigenous and Beyond, the first international conference and allied students and scholars.

14 The conference honored the memory of four individuals instrumental in the success of the Center for Native American and Indigenous Research: Timothy Powell, Watie Akins (Penobscot), T. J. Holland (Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians), and Larry Aitken (Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe; pictured on this page at the 2010 Building Bridges between Archives and Native Communities conference at the APS). Gifts for REstricted Purposes

Endowment Gifts APS Indigenous Language Bequests & Realized Planned Gifts Baruch S. Blumberg Fund for Lewis and Manuscript Interface Dr. Robert Austrian* Clark Research Grants National Science Foundation Dynamic Sibyl R. Golden* United Therapeutics Corporation/ Language Infrastructure Program Martine A. & Bina Aspen Rothblatt Lewis and Clark Grants in Astrobiology Gifts to COVID Response Challenge The Bernard Bailyn Fund NASA Astrobiology Program Anonymous Professor Lotte L. Bailyn Ms. Regina M. Barry Revolutionary City: A Portal Dr. Lilian Handlin The Benkovic Family Foundation to the Nation’s Founding Dr. Jerry A. Boling Center for Native American and Institute of Museum and Library Services Ms. Kerry L. Bryan Indigenous Research National Leadership Grant-Libraries Dr. Joyce L. Burnette Ms. Sandra L. Cadwalader (Planning Grant) Dr. Caroline W. Bynum Daland Fellowships Dr. Roderic A. Camp Matching Gifts & Director’s Grants in Clinical Investigation Mr. Alfred M. Cavalari Atlantic Philanthropies Dr. Pearl T. C. Y. Toy Emily & Mike Cavanagh The Connelly Foundation Daythal Kendall Library Resident Research Ms. Katherine Condon Exelon Foundation Fellowship for Native American Studies Dr. Eleanor A. Congdon Kresge Foundation Mrs. Carolyn O. Kendall Dr. John A. Diemer Henry Luce Foundation Drs. Jonathan C. Fox & Suzanne Markel-Fox The William T. Golden Endowment in William Penn Foundation Mr. Bob Frishman support of Lewis and Clark Grants in The Pew Charitable Trusts Drs. Loren R. & Patricia Albjerg Graham Scientific Disciplines Teagle Foundation Dr. Diane Griffin The Estate of Sibyl R. Golden Dr. Barbara J. Grosz Gifts-in-Kind Leon and Joanne V.C. Knopoff Fellowship Elissa & Stanley Guralnick Dr. Diana L. Kormos-Buchwald Mrs. Leon Knopoff Dr. Robert M. Hauser The Einstein Papers Project Lewis and Clark Grants, General Drs. Richard & Valerie J. Herr Festivities Events Endowment Dr. Jane Hickman Dr. Eleanor A. Roach Dr. Kent V. Flannery Lynne & Harold Honickman Dr. Kenneth D. Gardner, Jr. Professor Herman Hunger Gifts to the Collections Dr. Joyce Marcus Ms. Linda R. Jacobs Mr. W. Graham Arader III Dr. Susan J. Jacobson Unrestricted and General Library Mr. John W. Bierhorst Dr. Jean Karle Dean & Mr. Dale Dean Endowment Mr. Joseph Lee Boyle Ms. Janet S. Klein Dr. Jeremiah P. Ostriker Dr. Victoria R. Bricker Dr. Susan Snow Lukesh John C. and Christine K. Van Horne Fund Ms. Jennifer Brown Dr. Barry N. Lurie Dr. & Mrs. John C. Van Horne Ms. Sarah Coe Dr. Donald A. Maguire Ms. Samantha Cornelius Mr. & Mrs. A. Bruce Mainwaring Mr. William Cotter, W.S. Cotter Rare Books Special Project Gifts & Grants Mr. Dennis C. McGlade Adopt-a-Book and Acquisitions Dr. Brandon Fortune Dr. Stephen E. & Mrs. Alexandra J. Medvec Ms. Maude T.M. de Schauensee Mr. Paul Friedman and Mr. Jon Friedman Dr. Lise Menn Mr. & Mrs. James H. Hill, Jr. Dr. & Mrs. Richard L. Garwin Ms. Guity Nashat Becker Drs. Charles F. Kennel & Ellen Lehman Mr. Richard Grybos Drs. Barbara B. Oberg & J. Perry Leavell, Jr. Drs. Rowena G. & Larry S. Matthews Mr. Dennison Hatch Dr. Claire L. Parkinson Mr. Adam Najarian Mr. Michael Hauser Dr. John G. Pedley Drs. Barbara B. Oberg & J. Perry Leavell, Jr. Dr. Robert M. Hauser Professor Sean Perrone Kathleen Peck Mr. George Hecksher Dr. Michael C.J. Putnam Ms. Alice Hungerford Dr. Eva Reinitz Jacques Barzun Prize Mr. David Jacobs Dr. & Mrs. Jack N. Rakove Wyoming Community Foundation Ms. Kimberly Johnson Dr. Robin Sabino Benjamin Franklin’s American Drs. Charles F. Kennel & Ellen Lehman Barbara A. Shailor & Harry W. Blair Enlightenment: Documenting Early Ms. Diane Mallery Ms. Kathleen D. Shea American Science at the American Medical Mission Sisters Peter M. Silverberg & Anne Silverberg Philosophical Society Matson Museum of Anthropology Dr. Frank H. Stewart & Ms. Cindy Niedoroda National Endowment for the Humanities Dr. Lise Menn Dr. Richard J. Tarrant NEH CARES Mr. & Mrs. Carl F. Miller Dr. Alar Toomre Dr. Bruce Nevin David Center for the American Revolution Mr. August F. Widmaier National Center for Science Education at the American Philosophical Society Dr. Barbara Will Ms. Paulina Przystura Mr. William Antheil Ms. Joan P. Wohl Drs. Jeremy A. & Paula L.W. Sabloff Mr. & Mrs. Robert C. Legnini Ms. Jean K. Wolf Mr. Gordon St. John Mr. Melvin Yasner The Leslie Miller & Richard Worley Ms. Sandra Stocking Foundation *Deceased Drs. James & Jenette Wheeler Dr. Pauline Yu 16 Dr. Harriet Zuckerman Tribute Gifts

In honor of Glen W. Bowersock Dr. Bruce W. Frier In memory of Mary Maples Dunn Dr. Linda K. Kerber In honor of Linda Greenhouse Mr. Frederick Lawrence In memory of Jacob W. Gruber Mr. Frank Gruber In memory of Tassia S. Hauser Dr. Robert M. Hauser In memory of Jerome and Isabella Karle Dr. Louise Hanson In memory of Alfred G. Knudson Dr. Anna T. Meadows In honor of A. Bruce Mainwaring Anthony W. & Susan M. Roberts In memory of Frank H. T. Rhodes Dr. Mary Patterson McPherson In honor of Michael Silverstein Dr. Judith R. Shapiro

If you believe your name has been omitted from this report, or if it is listed incorrectly, please let us know. Members should contact Linda Jacobs at 215.440.3434 or ljacobs@amphilsoc. org, and Friends should contact Alexis Anderson at 215.599.4303 or [email protected]. Payments on pledges made in prior years and recognized in previous donor reports are generally not included here.

The American Philosophical Society is a private, non-profit, tax-exempt, 501(c) (3) organization under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of the United States Department of the Treasury. The Society is registered as a charitable organization with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania’s Bureau of Charitable Organizations and is authorized to solicit charitable contributions under the conditions and limitations set forth under the Solicitation of Funds for Charitable Purposes Act. The official American Philosophical Society. Minutes, 1774–1787. registration and financial information for the American Philosophical Society may be obtained from the Pennsylvania Department of State by calling toll free, within Pennsylvania, 1.800.732.0999. Registration does not imply endorsement.

17 Atlantic Philanthropies 2020 Donors—HIstorical Giving Dr. D. James Baker & Mrs. Emily Lind Baker The Society would like to thank the following 2020 donors for their steadfast and Dr. John D. Baldeschwieler & generous support. The length of this list is a testament to the generosity of our Ms. Marlene R. Konnar Members and Friends and their commitment to our enduring mission. Dr. Teodolinda Barolini Dr. Gordon A. Baym & Ms. Cathrine Blom The Benkovic Family Foundation 30+ Years Drs. Richard & Valerie J. Herr Dr. Marcus Berliant Mrs. Margaret Bearn Mrs. Lorraine W. Hilleman Dr. Sandra M. Berwind Mrs. Louise W. Carter Dr. Christopher P. Jones Ms. Deborah Dilworth Bishop Mr. & Mrs. William B. Eagleson, Jr. The Honorable Nancy Kassebaum Baker Dr. Mina J. Bissell Dr. & Mrs. Owen J. Gingerich Dr. & Mrs. Stanley N. Katz Rolin P. & Avery B. Bissell Mrs. Elizabeth P. McLean Dr. & Mrs. Kenneth I. Kellermann Dr. Thomas N. Bisson Dr. Mary Patterson McPherson Dr. David M. Kennedy Dr. Harriet Blitzer Dr. Szilvia Szmuk-Tanenbaum Dr. Daniel J. & Mrs. Bettyann Kevles Dr. Lee C. & Ms. Jean Magnano Bollinger Drs. Ronald K. & Suzanne C. Smeltzer Mrs. Edwin D. Kilbourne Mr. Rufus Cole Botzow Mr. Carmen D. Valentino Dr. M.B. Kirkham Mr. Kenneth M. Boyd Dr. & Mrs. John C. Van Horne Dr. & Mrs. Andrew H. Knoll Dr. & Mrs. Lewis M. Branscomb Mrs. Leon Knopoff Dr. & Mrs. John I. Brauman 20+ Years Dr. E. Philip Krider Dr. Victoria R. Bricker Anonymous (4) Dr. John Nichols Loeb The Brinkman Family Foundation Dr. Hans Aarsleff Mr. Yo-Yo Ma & Ms. Jill Alison Hornor Lois G. & Julian A. Brodsky Mrs. Neysa Adams Cirel & Howard Magen Dr. Peter Brooks Dr. & Mrs. Bruce Alberts Mr. & Mrs. A. Bruce Mainwaring Dr. Donald D. Brown Dr. & Mrs. Roger S. Bagnall Dr. Rudolph A. Marcus Professor Peter R. Brown & Professor Lotte L. Bailyn Dr. Walter E. Massey Mrs. Elizabeth Gilliam Brown Dr. Clyde F. Barker Mr. & Mrs. David W. Maxey Ms. Kerry L. Bryan Dr. George F. Bass Dr. Anna T. Meadows Charles & Margo Burnette Mr. Peter A. Benoliel & Ms. Willo Carey Dr. Randall M. Miller Ms. Sandra L. Cadwalader Drs. Jacqueline K. Barton & Mr. Edward A. Montgomery, Jr. Dr. Nicholas Canny peter B. Dervan Drs. Barbara B. Oberg & J. Perry Leavell, Jr. Dr. Maureen A. Carr Dr. & Mrs. Paul Berg Dr. Jeremiah P. Ostriker Mr. David A. Chapin Dr. Alan S. Blinder Dr. Robert O. Paxton Dr. Kalyan Chatterjee Dr. Glen W. Bowersock Mr. & Mrs. Robert M. Peck Dr. Carol T. Christ Dr. & Mrs. Victor H. Brombert Dr. Michael C. J. Putnam Dr. & Ms. Jonathan R. Cole Dr. Caroline W. Bynum Dr. Richard E. Quandt Drs. Rita R. & Jack H. Colwell The Honorable & Mrs. Guido Calabresi Mr. & Mrs. John S. Reed Dr. Eleanor A. Congdon Drs. Gerhard & Regina Casper Jonathan E. Rhoads Trust Dr. & Mrs. Joseph Connors The Catherwood Family Fund of the Dr. Frank H.T.* & Mrs. Rosa Rhodes Dr. Jonathan Culler & Ms. Cynthia Chase philadelphia Foundation Dr. Brunilde S. & Mr. Henry W. Ridgway, Jr. Ms. Maude T.M. de Schauensee Dr. John R. Clarke Ms. Rebecca W. Rimel & Mrs. Therese L. Baker-Degler Dr. Joel E. Cohen & Ms. Rosanna Warren Mr. Patrick J. Caldwell Kitty & Bob DeMento Dr. & Mrs. W. Robert Connor Drs. Jeremy A. & Paula L.W. Sabloff Dr. John M. Deutch Professor Michael A. Cook Mr. & Mrs. Henry B. Schacht Ms. Nancy L. Dilcher Drs. Elizabeth Cropper & Mrs. Carolyn A. Scheer-Luce Dr. Linda J. Docherty Charles G. Dempsey Ms. Sarah L.O. Smith Bill Double & Patricia Callahan Dr. Richard S. Dunn The Honorable David H. Souter Dr. Kathleen Duval & Mr. Martin Smith Dr. & Mrs. W. Gary Ernst Dr. Joan A. Steitz Dr. Roger L. Easton, Jr. Mrs. Robert Fagles Patricia Tyson Stroud Dr. & Mrs. Lawrence H. Einhorn Dorothy & Jack Foltz Dr. & Mrs. Noel M. Swerdlow Dr. David S. & Mrs. Lucy Eisenberg Mme Meredith M. Frapier Dr. & Mrs. P. Roy Vagelos Dortone Esser Foundation Mrs. Nancy G. Frederick Dr. & Mrs. Claudio Vita-Finzi Drs. Marcus W. & S. Shirley Feldman Dr. & Mrs. Victor R. Fuchs Dr. Peter K. Vogt Drs. Susan T. Fiske & Douglas S. Massey Dr. Mary K. Gaillard Drs. David B. & Marvalee H. Wake Mrs. Daisy H. Fitch Ms. Elizabeth H. Gemmill Dr. Bernard C. Watson Drs. Kent V. Flannery & Joyce Marcus Dr. Eva Reinitz Dr. Benjamin Widom Mrs. Judah Folkman Drs. Loren R. & Patricia Albjerg Graham William Penn Foundation Dr. Lee W. Formwalt Ms. Linda Greenhouse Dr. Gordon S. Wood Mr. & Mrs. Richard J. Franke Dr. Vartan Gregorian Dr. Mark S. Wrighton Dr. Bruce W. Frier Mr. & Mrs. Larry Grika Dr. Harriet Zuckerman Dr. Ellen V. Futter Dr. & Mrs. Werner Gundersheimer Drs. Julia H. & Thomas K. Gaisser Dr. Prudence O. Harper 10+ Years Drs. Howard Gardner & Ellen Winner Dr. John L. Heilbron & Anonymous Dr. and Mrs. Richard L. Garwin Ms. Alison Browning Mr. George J. Ahern Mr. George L. Gibson & Ms. Linda Johns Alexis & Geoffrey Anderson Dr. Carol Gluck 18 Barbara B. & Theodore R. Aronson Mrs. Lupe R. Gonzalez Mr. & Mrs. Robert C. Legnini Dr. Stuart A. Rice & Ms. Ruth M. O’Brien Dr. Kenneth Gouwens The H.F. Lenfest Fund of the Dr. Alison F. Richard Ms. Barbara D. Grabias philadelphia Foundation Dr. Daniel K. Richter Drs. Harry B. & Shirley Gray Dr. David Levering Lewis & Dr. Eleanor A. Roach Dr. Jack O. & Mrs. Helaine Greenberg Ms. Ruth Ann Stewart Anne C. Rose Dr. Charlotte Greenspan Dr. Gene E. Likens Diane F. Rossheim Dr. Paul F. Grendler Dr. Thomas E. Lovejoy Martine & Bina Aspen Rothblatt Dr. Barbara J. Grosz Dr. Jane Lubchenco Mr. & Mrs. Jerry G. Rubenstein Dr. Eric S. Gruen Dr. Michael Maas Drs. David D. & Zulema J. Sabatini Mr. & Mrs. Conrad K. Harper James MacElderry & Marilyn Fishman Dr. Jennifer R. Scanlon Dr. Laurence M. Hauptman Dr. Barbara C. Malt Dr. Randy W. Schekman & Ms. Nancy Walls Dr. Robert M. Hauser Mr. Dritan Matraku & Mrs. Brunilda Matraku Dr. & Mrs. Paul Schimmel Dr. Carla H. Hay Drs. Rowena G. & Larry S. Matthews Dr. Janice G. Schimmelman Dr. Margaret M. Healy Roderick & Michelle McDonald Dr. & Mrs. Paul L. Schraeder Mr. Ben W. Heineman, Jr. & Mr. Barry J. McKeown Sandpoint Associates, LLC/ Ms. Cristine Russell Dr. Marcia K. McNutt & ted J. Schwartzman Dr. John L. Hennessy Captain Ian W. Young Professor Michael Sela Constance V. Hershey Dr. & Mrs. Richard A. Meserve Drs. Irwin I. & Marian Shapiro Dr. Evelyn B. Higginbotham Drs. Elliot M. Meyerowitz & Joan A. Kobori Dr. Judith R. Shapiro Ms. Frances G. Hoenigswald Mr. & Mrs. Carl F. Miller Dr. April G. Shelford Mr. & Mrs. Robert H. Hogan Mrs. Ella Warren Miller Peter M. Silverberg & Anne Silverberg Dr. Leroy E. Hood & Ms. Valerie Logan Drs. Roger W. Moss & Gail C. Winkler Drs. James H. & Marilyn H. Simons Dr. & Mrs. William H. Hooke Dr. Jane M. Murphy-Leighton Dr. Marilyn Schwinn Smith Drs. Sarah B. & Daniel B. Hrdy Dr. Thomas Nagel Dr. & Mrs. Hugo F. Sonnenschein Professor Herman Hunger Dr. Susan Naquin Dr. Suzanne Spain Drs. Lynn Hunt & Margaret C. Jacob NASA Astrobiology Program, Dr. Joan E. & Mr. C. Michael Spero Dr. Tony Hunter formerly NASA Astrobiology Institute Mr. Jay Robert Stiefel & Mrs. Annabelle P. Irey Mr. Joseph Neubauer & Ms. Ann Chahbandour Dr. Nina G. Jablonski & Mr. George Chaplin Ms. Jeanette Lerman-Neubauer Dr. Stephen & Mrs. Virginia Stigler Dr. Kathleen Hall Jamieson Mrs. Norman D. Newell Professor Geoffrey R. Stone Yardly & Scott Jenkins Dr. Edward J. Olszewski Dr. & Mrs. Lubert Stryer Joan M. Johnson Dr. & Mrs. John A. Orcutt Ms. Kathleen M. Sullivan Drs. Jiri & Ana Jonas Ms. Julie Packard/Applewood Fund The Honorable David S. & Dr. Edith Tatel Ms. Valerie M. Jones & Mr. Don Lessem at the Community Foundation Dr. & Mrs. Joseph H. Taylor, Jr. Dr. & Mrs. Thomas H. Jordan of Santa Cruz County Teagle Foundation Dr. William Chester Jordan Dr. Claire L. Parkinson Dr. & Mrs. Samuel O. Thier Richard & Pat Judd Ms. Jean D. Parmelee Dr. & Mrs. Keith Stewart Thomson Mr. & Mrs. Ivan J. Jurin Mr. & Mrs. Lanny R. Patten Ms. Anna C. Toogood Ms. Rebecca A. Kamen Dr. Thomas F. Patterson Dr. Thomas R. Tritton Dr. & Mrs. Peter J. Katzenstein Dr. P. James & Mrs. Alison Peebles Dr. & Mrs. Peter H. von Hippel Mrs. Carolyn O. Kendall Pennsylvania Historical & Dr. & Mrs. Christopher T. Walsh, Jr. Drs. Charles F. Kennel & Ellen Lehman Museum Commission Dr. & Mrs. Warren M. Washington Dr. Linda K. Kerber The Pew Charitable Trusts Samina & Jeffrey Weil Dr. Tamara Ketabgian Ms. Susan M. Pierce & Mr. James L. Matlock Dr. John Wilmerding Rob & Sue Kettell Dr. Alejandro Portes & Dr. Mary Ann Frese Witt Janet S. Klein professor Patricia Fernandez-Kelly Ms. Jean K. Wolf Dr. Judith P. Klinman Dr. Lewis R. Pyenson Dr. Susan R. Wolf Kresge Foundation Dr. & Mrs. Jack N. Rakove Mr. & Mrs. John Wolfe Professor Catherine Lafarge Professors Judith Resnik & Dennis E. Curtis Dr. Carl Wunsch Dr. Alan H. Lareau Dr. J.E. Rhoads Family/ Dr. Pauline Yu Dr. Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot Buckingham Mountain Foundation Dr. Larzer Ziff

Committee on Development, 2020 Friends of the APS Committee Staff

Samuel O. Thier Robert M. Hauser Rolin P. Bissell Janet S. Klein* Linda R. Jacobs Chair Kathleen Hall Jamieson Chair Catherine Lafarge Director of Development Rolin P. Bissell Barbara Oberg Peter J. Dougherty Robert C. Legnini Alexis Anderson Harvey Fineberg Jeremy A. Sabloff George L. Gibson David W. Maxey* Director of Friends of the APS Richard Franke David Skorton Margaret M. Healy Nichole Nelson Rogers Smith Anna Meadows Jennifer Murphy Harry B. Gray James H. Hill Assistant for Development & Linda Greenhouse Patrick K. Spero Joan Johnson Zoë S. Pappas Meetings Marna C. Whittington Valerie M. Jones* * Emeritus

19 Dr. Laura Levi APS 2020 Reviewers Professor Eve Levin The APS Research Department would like to thank the following reviewers for their indispensable Dr. Herbert Lewis service to the Franklin Research Grant, Lewis and Clark Fund for Exploration and Field Research, Dr. Walter Licht Dr. Anna Linderholm and Phillips Fund for Native American Research grant programs and to the Daland Fellowship in Dr. Katheryn Linduff Clinical Investigation and John Hope Franklin Dissertation Fellowship programs. Dr. William C. Link Professor Andrew C. Lipman Dr. Amy Litt Dr. Mark Aldenderfer Professor Joyce Coleman Dr. David Gorchov Dr. F. Jay Lockman Dr. Eric Allen Mr. Tom Conley Professor Eliga Gould Dr. John Nichols Loeb Dr. Torin A. Alter Dr. Robert S. Cox Dr. Peter Grave Professor Margaretta Lovell Dr. Katrin Anacker Dr. William Crampton Dr. Michael Graves Dr. Kennda Lynch Professor Virginia Dr. Patricia L. Crown Professor Paul F. Grendler Dr. Carolyn MacKay DeJohn Anderson Dr. M. W. Daly Professor Anita Guerrini Professor Aren Maeir Dr. K. Anthony Appiah Dr. Regna Darnell Dr. Werner Gundersheimer Professor Peter Mancall Dr. Janni Aragon Dr. Simon Darroch Dr. Sharon Gursky Dr. James Mandrell Dr. Eugene M. Avrutin Dr. Andreas Daum Dr. Phillip Habgood Dr. Bruce Mannheim Dr. Paula R. Dr. Ian Davison Dr. Brenda Hall Dr. Joyce Marcus Backscheider Professor Kathryn de Luna Dr. Jeffrey Hamburger Dr. Sophie McCoy Dr. Roger S. Bagnall Dr. Bart T. De Stasio Dr. James Hanken Dr. Allan McDevitt Dr. Jake Bailey Professor Marilynn Desmond Dr. Craig Hanks Dr. Piotr Michalowski Professor Gauvin Bailey Dr. John Dillon Dr. Alastair Harborne Dr. Donald B. Miles Dr. William Balée Dr. Thomas Donahue Dr. Chelsea Harms-Tuohy Dr. Jacqueline Miller Dr. Clyde F. Barker Dr. W. J. Dorman Mr. Conrad K. Harper Professor Robert J. Miller Dr. Susan Barndt Dr. Jeffrey Doty Dr. Prudence O. Harper Dr. David Moltke-Hansen Professor Cristelle Baskins Dr. Alexis Dudden Dr. Nyeema Harris Dr. Camilo Montes Dr. Kamaljit Bawa Dr. Aimee Dunlap Dr. Tom Havens Dr. Ignacio Moore Dr. Robert Beachy Dr. Richard Dunn Dr. Sebastian Heath Dr. Melissa Morison Dr. Edward Beasley Dr. Ryan Earley Dr. Evelyn B. Higginbotham Dr. Andrew Mullen Dr. William H. Beezley Dr. Janice Edgerly-Rooks Dr. Arleen Hill Dr. Anne Murphy Dr. Reinhard Bernbeck Dr. Cole Edwards Dr. Nancy Hinman Dr. Carson Murray Professor Niko Besnier Dr. Bethany Ehlmann Dr. Nicolle Hirschfeld Dr. Sylvia Nam Dr. Devaki Bhaya Dr. Daniel Ehnbom Dr. Peter C. Hoch Dr. David Nasaw Dr. Matthew Birkhold Dr. Lawrence H. Einhorn Dr. Tori Hoehler Dr. Donna J. Nash Dr. Robert Blankenship Dr. Ben Ellis Dr. Gregory Hoke Dr. Micahel Nelson Dr. Isa Blumi Dr. James Elser Dr. Patricia Holroyd Dr. Marc Neveu Dr. Matthew F. Bokovoy Dr. J. Nicholas Entrikin Professor Elizabeth Horan Professor Kim Nielsen Dr. Mark Evan Bonds Dr. W. Gary Ernst Professor Deborah Howard Dr. Brian Nolan Dr. Moussa Bongoyok Dr. Gozen Ertem Dr. Wilt Idema Dr. James O’Donnell Dr. Dina Bower Professor Joseph Eska Dr. Margaret C. Jacob Dr. Akin Ogundiran Dr. James Brady Dr. Robbie F. Ethridge Dr. Sharon Jansa Dr. Biljana Oklopcic Dr. Harald Braun Professor Richard Etlin Dr. Lisa Janz Dr. Maynard V. Olson Dr. Derek Briggs Dr. Emine Evered Dr. Jennifer Jensen The Reverend John W. O’Malley Dr. Ursula Brosseder Dr. Ronald Fairman Dr. Adrian D. S. Johns Dr. Patricia Osmond Dr. Donald Bryant Dr. Majie Fan Dr. William Chester Jordan Dr. Rachel O’Toole Professor Philip Bullock Dr. Harvey Feinberg Dr. Richard L. Kagan Dr. Ali Parsaeimehr Dr. Brendan Burke Professor Elizabeth Dr. Erin Kane Dr. Biren Patel Ms. Christina Burke Fentress Professor Paul Kapp Dr. Roberta Pergher Dr. Nicole Burt Dr. Melissa Figueroa Dr. Jonathan G. Katz Dr. Pam Perkins Dr. Bilal Butt Dr. Deborah Finkel Dr. Alexander Kaufman Professor G. Kurt Piehler Dr. Carlo Caballero Dr. Kent V. Flannery Dr. Kenneth I. Dr. Robert B. Pippin Dr. David Cannatella Professor Stephanie Foote Kellermann Dr. Joe Pittayaporn Dr. Marcello A. Canuto Professor David W. Foster Professor Ari Kelman Dr. Kevin Platt Dr. Miquel Angel Dr. Jon Frey Dr. Melissa Kirven-Brooks Professor Claire Preston Capella Galmes Dr. Lina Fruzzetti Dr. Philip Kitcher Professor Robert Preucel Mr. Brian Carpenter Dr. Barbara Fuchs Dr. Martin Klein Dr. Tammy M. Proctor Dr. Alexandra Carpino Dr. Matthew Fujita Dr. Misha Klein Professor Marc Redfield Dr. James Carrier Dr. Caitlin Gabor Dr. Lyle Konigsberg Dr. Miranda Redmond Dr. Alessandro Catenazzi Dr. Michael Galaty Dr. David Konstan Professor Nick Rees-Roberts Dr. Marjorie Chan Dr. Eric Gangloff Dr. Hendrik Kraay Dr. Debra Reiss-Bubenheim Dr. Michelle Chase Dr. Alejandro Garcià-Reidy Professor Mark Kroll Professor Aaron Retish Dr. Juliette Cherbuliez Dr. Nathanial Gardner Dr. Bruce Kuklick Dr. Keren Rice Dr. David Chicoine Dr. Thomas Garrison Dr. Malena Kuss Ms. Katherine Rinne Professor Jamsheed Choksy Dr. Lisa Gezon Dr. Mark La Guardia Dr. Scott Robinson Dr. Alan Christy Dr. Robert Giegengack Professor Thomas Laqueur Dr. Juliette Rogers Dr. Ann Cleveland Dr. Philip Gingerich Dr. Alan H. Lareau Dr. Anne C. Rose Dr. George Cline Dr. Michael Glassow Dr. Robert Launay Dr. Erin K. Rowe Dr. Paul Cobb Dr. Jeffrey Glover Professor Charmaine Lee Dr. Karen Rowe Dr. Matt Cohen Dr. Edward M. Goolish Professor Lynn Lees Dr. Rebecca Rowe 20 Professor Paul Russell Dr. Jeremy A. Sabloff Virtual Education Programs Dr. Peter Sadler Dr. Karen Samonds at the Aps Professor Esther sánchez-Pardo Dr. Hannah Sande n response to the challenges posed by the pandemic, the Society’s Dr. Aaron Sandel Education Programs Department developed updated and modernized Dr. Daniel Sandweiss Dr. Joel Saylor offerings that seized digital opportunities to meet the needs of our Dr. Jennifer R. Scanlon audiences. Among them: Dr. Paola Schiappacasse I Dr. Dustin Schroeder Editing the Declaration is a digital resource that provides classroom Dr. Nhora Serrano Dr. Richard Shefferson activities and connections to APS materials focused on the Declaration of Dr. Kimberly Sheldon Independence as well as documents created to advocate for the rights of Professor Susan Sheridan Professor Pete Sigal Blacks, Native Americans, women, and other marginalized groups. Dr. Brian Silverstein Dr. Michael Silverstein Career Chats align with Pennsylvania and Philadelphia educational Dr. Amritjit Singh Dr. Ajay Skaria standards focused on career education and career readiness. The Dr. Heidi J. Smith program features recorded conversations—uploaded to the Society’s Dr. Rogers M. Smith YouTube channel—with APS staff about their careers, education, and real- Dr. Laura Solitare Dr. Pamela Soltis world experiences. A key objective of Career Chats is to increase diversity Dr. Patricia M. Spacks among museum, library, and archive professionals. Dr. Nick Speller Dr. Jonathan Sperber Professor Catherine Stafford A Malignant Tale focuses on the 1793 yellow fever epidemic, including the Dr. Soeren Stark perspective of the Free African Society and the Black nurses who often Dr. Hank Stevens cared for the sick during the epidemic. This program took new relevance Professor Peter Stevens Dr. Frank H. Stewart in light of the current pandemic and its disproportionate impact on Professor Damie Stillman people of color. Dr. Beverly Stoeltje Dr. Marshall D. Sundberg Dr. Nicholas Swanson-Hysell APS at Home presents hands-on activities for intergenerational audiences Dr. Lidya Tarhan inspired by themes or objects in APS exhibitions and elsewhere in the Dr. Rabun M. Taylor Dr. Scott A. Taylor Society’s collections. Clustered into categories like “art,” “history,” and Dr. Andreas Teske “science,” the activities are designed to fit whatever needs a parent or Dr. Karen Thornber caregiver might have in the home. Professor James Thull Dr. Morgan W. Tingley Dr. Julia Torrie Dr. Bethany Turner Dr. Stephen Turner Dr. Dell Upton Professor J. Albert Uy Dr. John Verano Professor Susan Wadley Dr. David B. Wake Dr. Charles Walcott Dr. Richard D. Waller Dr. Megan Walsh Dr. Laura Wasylenki Dr. John Watkins Dr. Paula Welander Dr. Thomas L. Whigham Dr. Robert Wiedenmann Dr. Michael Wood Dr. Kristin Woycheese Dr. Timothy F. Wright Professor Duncan Wu Dr. Steve P. Yanoviak Dr. Thomas Zeiler (Detail) Thomas Jefferson’s Final Draft of the Declaration of Independence, June 28 (?), 1776. American Philosophical Society.

21 NEH Cares Grant

n July 2020, the APS received welcome and heartening news—it was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the IHumanities CARES (NEH CARES) initiative, providing funding for increased online access to its collections related to 18th-century scientific discovery. The NEH CARES relief grants program was created to assist cultural non-profits confronting the economic strains of the COVID-19 pandemic to retain staff engaged in humanities activities. At the APS, the grant supported several projects related to Benjamin Franklin’s American Enlightenment: Documenting Early American Science at the American Philosophical Society. The grant allowed us to extend the contracts of our postdoctoral fellows and hire consultants to work on relevant projects.

Installation of Dr. Franklin, Citizen Scientist—which explores the relationship between science and public life in the 18th-century Atlantic World— Above Benjamin Franklin, Drawing Electricity from the Sky, was completed just shortly before the pandemic After Benjamin West, Unknown date. Lithograph. American forced the APS to close in March, delaying the Philosophical Society. exhibition’s opening until circumstances allow. Right John Carwitham, An East Perspective View of the City of Fortunately, the NEH CARES grant allowed the Philadelphia, 1778; date depicted: 1752. Hand-colored engraving. American Philosophical Society. Society to create a virtual tour of the exhibition— the first produced by the APS—and a printed Projects funded by the NEH CARES grant for catalog (which can also be downloaded as a Franklin’s American Enlightenment include: PDF) that expand upon and further illustrate the exhibition’s themes and narratives. Parallel • t ranscription and analysis of Benjamin tracks developed for adults and children invite Franklin’s business and personal financial users to watch videos and engage with curator- account books and transactions. selected object highlights. The catalog features • Digitization and transcription of early American an essay by lead curator Janine Yorimoto Boldt meteorological records from the papers of and includes a complete illustrated checklist with James Madison and David Rittenhouse. accompanying labels. • A bibliographic database of the publications of APS Members elected between 1775 and 1785. • t ranscriptions of the APS’s minutes from 1774 Battery of Leyden Jars, Unknown to 1787. Maker, After 1746. Glass, metal, and Making these collections available to researchers, wood. American educators, and students remotely is a boon to Philosophical Society. Gift of Joseph those who cannot travel to Philadelphia due Hopkinson, 1836. to budgetary constraints or social-distancing measures. The final results of these projects can be found online at https://diglib.amphilsoc.org/

22 franklinsenlightenment/. The Richard A. F. Penrose, Jr., Associates

The Richard A. F. Penrose, Jr. Association was founded in 2003 to recognize donors For more information about the many who have included the American Philosophical Society in their estate plans or made different ways to help the Society other planned gifts, such as naming the Society as a beneficiary of a retirement through your long-term plans, please account or insurance policy, or creating an annuity to produce an income stream. contact Linda Jacobs at 215.440.3434 Planned gifts allow Members and Friends to make significant contributions to the or [email protected]. intellectual life of the nation and create enduring legacies at the Society. In many cases, planned gifts also offer advantages with respect to income and taxes.

Anonymous (2) Dr. Robert S. Grumet Dr. Walter H. Munk* Dr. Hans Aarsleff Mr. & Mrs. Conrad K. Harper Dr. Barbara B. Oberg The Honorable Arlin M. Adams* & Drs. John G. Hildebrand & Gail D. Burd Mr. Charles E. Peterson* Mrs. Neysa Adams Mrs. Maurice R. Hilleman Eleanor Jackson Piel Dr. Leslie C. Aiello & Mr. Richard Bruce* Dr. Atsuko Hirai* Mr. H.C. Putnam, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Alan W. Armstrong Professor Thomas Parke Hughes* Estate of Ms. Selma Rabinowitz Dr. Robert Austrian* Ms. Linda R. Jacobs Dr. Erica Reiner* Mr.* & Mrs.* George B. Beitzel Dr. Daythal Kendall* & Dr. Jonathan E. Rhoads* Dr. Whitfield J. Bell, Jr.* Mrs. Carolyn O. Kendall Miss Marie A. Richards* Mary, Countess of Bessborough* Drs. Charles F. Kennel & Ellen Lehman Mrs. Constance C. Richardson* Dr. Baruch S. Blumberg* & Dr. Patrick V. Kirch & Ms. Helen Anne B. Rivlin* Mrs. Jean Blumberg Ms. Therese I. Babineau Dr. John D. Roberts* & Mr. John C. Bogle* Dr. Barbara Shryock Koelle* Mrs. Edith M. Roberts* Mr. Kenneth M. Boyd Dr. Marcia Landy Dr. Guy Lacy Schless* & James & Theresa Buzonik Dr. Alan H. Lareau Mrs. Nancy Halverson Schless* Dr. Britton Chance* Mr.* & Mrs. H.F. (Gerry) Lenfest Ms. Louise Smith Dr. & Mrs. Purnell W. Choppin Dr. Luna B. Leopold* The Honorable David H. Souter Mr. George R. Clark* Dr. & Mrs. Martin L. Levitt Mr. Frederick H. Stafford* Dr. Morton N. Cohen* Dr. John Nichols Loeb Maestro Jonathan Sternberg Dr. & Mrs. Stanley N. Cohen Michael H. & Barbara R. MacRoberts Dr. Frank H. Stewart & Dr. Mildred Cohn* Mr. & Mrs. A. Bruce Mainwaring Ms. Elaine K. Niedoroda Mr. Winston De Ville Drs. Jonathan C. Fox & Drs. Paul Talalay & Pamela Talalay Dr. Otis Dudley Duncan* suzanne Markel-Fox Mr. Frank E. Taplin, Jr.* Dr. Harold A. Dundee* Ms. Merrill Mason Dr. James C. Thompson* Drs. Richard S. & Mary Maples Dunn* Mrs. Maclyn McCarty Dr. & Mrs. Keith Stewart Thomson Mr.* & Mrs. William B. Eagleson, Jr. Drs. Victor A. McKusick* & Dr. Elisabeth J. Tooker* Mr. Roger L. Easton* & Anne B. McKusick* Dr. John W. Tukey* Mrs. Barbara C. Easton The Honorable Vincent L. McKusick* & Dr. James W. Valentine Dr. & Mrs. Lawrence H. Einhorn Mrs. Nancy G. McKusick Dr. & Mrs. John C. Van Horne Dr. John F. Freeman Mr. Robert L. McNeil, Jr.* Dr. Anthony F.C. Wallace* Mrs. Herbert Friedman* Dr. Mary Patterson McPherson Dr. & Mrs. John A. Wheeler* Drs. Howard Gardner & Ellen Winner Mr. Paul F. Miller, Jr.* & Mrs. Ella W. Miller Dr. Norman S. Wikler* Dr. & Mrs. Richard L. Garwin Professor Stroud F. C. Milsom* Professor Roger L. Williams* Mr. Charles Greifenstein Mrs. Susan O. Montgomery* & Mrs. Georgine E. Willis* Dr. Charles C. Gillispie* & Mr. Edward A. Montgomery, Jr. Mrs. Jane S. Wilson* Mrs. Emily Gillispie* Ms. Edith Munk Dr. Harriet Zuckerman The Estate of Sibyl R. Golden Ms. Kendall L. Munk *Deceased Dr. Barbara J. Grosz TOTAL GIVING 2020

The American Philosophical Society is grateful to the following individuals, foundations, corporations, and government agencies for their outstanding contributions that ensure the Society’s role as a catalyst for the discovery of new knowledge. The list below reflects our donors’ total commitments for 2020 including annual support, gifts for restricted purposes, gifts to the collections, and in-kind gifts.

$500,000 - $999,999 NASA Astrobiology Program The Benkovic Family Foundation The Estate of Sibyl R. Golden Mr. Joseph Neubauer & Dr. Glen W. Bowersock Mr. George Hecksher Ms. Jeanette Lerman-Neubauer Dr. & Mrs. John I. Brauman Pennsylvania Historical & Drs. Gerhard & Regina Casper $100,000 - $499,999 Museum Commission Dr. Richard S. Dunn Mr. W. Graham Arader, III Mr. & Mrs. John S. Reed Mr. Kenneth Frazier Mrs. Ella Warren Miller Drs. James H. & Marilyn H. Simons Dr. & Mrs. Charles M. Geschke National Endowment for the Humanities United Therapeutics Corporation/ Drs. Harry B. & Shirley Gray National Science Foundation Martine A. & Bina Aspen Rothblatt Mr. Jeff Grimes/ Graffen Business Systems, Inc. $50,000 - $99,999 $10,000 - $24,999 Mr. & Mrs. James H. Hill, Jr. Professor Lotte L. Bailyn Rolin P. & Avery B. Bissell Drs. Linda Z. & Nicholas Holland Institute of Museum and Library Services Lois G. & Julian A. Brodsky The Joan & Irwin Jacobs Fund of the Mr. & Mrs. A. Bruce Mainwaring Wyoming Community Foundation Jewish Community Foundation of Drs. Jonathan C. Fox & Mr. & Mrs. William B. Eagleson, Jr. san Diego suzanne Markel-Fox Dr. & Mrs. Lawrence H. Einhorn Dr. Mary Patterson McPherson Dr. Pearl T. C. Y. Toy Mme Meredith M. Frapier Mr. Edward A. Montgomery, Jr. Dr. & Mrs. John C. Van Horne Dr. Kenneth D. Gardner, Jr. Drs. Barbara B. Oberg & The Leslie Miller & Ms. Linda Greenhouse J. Perry Leavell, Jr. Richard Worley Foundation Dr. Lilian Handlin Dr. Stuart Orkin Mr. & Mrs. Robert C. Legnini Jeremiah P. Ostriker $25,000 - $49,999 Mrs. Rosa L. Rhodes Dr. Fernando Pereira Ms. Maude T.M. de Schauensee Dr. Rogers M. Smith & Ms. Mary Summers Ms. Rebecca W. Rimel & Mr. & Mrs. Richard J. Franke Mr. Patrick J. Caldwell Dr. Robert M. Hauser $5,000 - $9,999 Dr. Judith R. Shapiro Dr. Kathleen Hall Jamieson Dr. Leslie C. Aiello Dr. & Mrs. Samuel O. Thier Drs. Charles F. Kennel & Ellen Lehman Barbara B. & Theodore R. Aronson Dr. Jane E. Blumberg & The H.F. Lenfest Fund of the Dr. Gordon A. Baym & Ms. Cathrine Blom Mr. Mark Thompson philadelphia Foundation Mrs. Margaret Bearn Dr. Harriet Zuckerman

Fund for the American Philosophical Society 2020 Results

Total Gifts: Members’ Annual Fund: Friends of the 757 Members and Friends contributed • 351 Members and spouses contributed American Philosophical Society $1,016,372, surpassing $1 million for the $702,379 406 Friends, former grant and fellow- first time in the history of the Fund for • Giving increased 12% from 2019 ship recipients, and institutional sup- the American Philosophical Society porters contributed $313,993 • 43% of Members made contributions • Giving increased 7% from 2019 • 116 current contributors have given for 10+ years • 47% of the Friends are past Grant and Fellowship recipients • 75 current contributors have given for 20+ years • 88% of past contributors renewed their Fund for the APS support • 6 current contributors have given for 30+ years • 38 donors were new contributors Design: S DYM

24 Grants and Fellowships

ince the 1930s, grants and fellowships On the Cover: awarded by the Society have promoted Lauren Howe-Kerr and critical advances in knowledge. The colleagues collecting coral S samples for microbial analysis APS provides nearly 200 grants a year to in Mo’orea, French Polynesia. scholars and scientists for facilitating travel Photo by Carsten Grupsta to libraries and museums or for field studies (often abroad). The APS also welcomes scholars, scientists, and professionals to its Library and Museum—where they are invited We are gratified to note that more than to engage with the active and accomplished 625 Lewis and Clark grants have been APS community and seize opportunities awarded to date. The reach and importance presented by our holdings, facilities, and of these grants are evident in the work of services. 2020 recipient Lauren Howe-Kerr, who is investigating the impact of stressful To an ever-greater degree, advances in environment conditions on coral and other knowledge are achieved through international marine invertebrates in Mo’orea, French collaboration and have global impact. Since Polynesia. 2003, the Society has partnered with the British Academy to award reciprocal grants to “Coral reefs are among the most diverse American scholars needing to work in London and productive of all ecosystems and and British scholars whose work requires a they have immense ecological, social and Philadelphia base. Since 2012, the APS has economic value. Increasingly, coral reefs are partnered with the Institute for Advanced being affected by perturbations that range Studies in the Humanities at the University of from short-term, localized disturbances to Edinburgh. One American scholar is hosted at more chronic, widespread influences due the IASH annually. to climate change. Return to a reef’s prior

state can sometimes occur relatively quickly In 2020 we celebrated the 15th anniversary following short-term disturbance, but chronic of the APS’s Lewis and Clark Fund for disturbances may fundamentally alter the Exploration and Field Research, established ecosystem over longer time frames. The in 2005 through the Stanford Ascherman/ Mo´orea Coral Reef site is a National Science Baruch Blumberg Fund for Basic Science and Foundation Long-Term Ecological Research supported by an ever-growing endowment. site whose goal is to advance understanding The program was launched by the late APS of key mechanisms that modulate ecosystem Member Baruch S. Blumberg, President processes and community structure of coral of the Society (2005–2011), and a Nobel reefs through integrated research, education Prize recipient who—through his own field and outreach.” research—discovered the hepatitis B virus, -Lauren Howe-Kerr, Rice University leading to the developing of a vaccine that has saved millions of lives. The Lewis and In 2020, the APS awarded 228 research Clark grants support exploratory field studies grants and Library fellowships totaling more for the collection of specimens and data than $1.4 million in funding. By supporting and to provide the imaginative stimulus that research, your giving enables the Society to accompanies direct observation. contribute directly to the world’s store of useful knowledge. ­­­ Philosophical Hall 104 South Fifth Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106-3387 www.amphilsoc.org/give 215-440-3434