Harvard University Honorary Degree Recipients 1989-2014
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The Creation of Neuroscience
The Creation of Neuroscience The Society for Neuroscience and the Quest for Disciplinary Unity 1969-1995 Introduction rom the molecular biology of a single neuron to the breathtakingly complex circuitry of the entire human nervous system, our understanding of the brain and how it works has undergone radical F changes over the past century. These advances have brought us tantalizingly closer to genu- inely mechanistic and scientifically rigorous explanations of how the brain’s roughly 100 billion neurons, interacting through trillions of synaptic connections, function both as single units and as larger ensem- bles. The professional field of neuroscience, in keeping pace with these important scientific develop- ments, has dramatically reshaped the organization of biological sciences across the globe over the last 50 years. Much like physics during its dominant era in the 1950s and 1960s, neuroscience has become the leading scientific discipline with regard to funding, numbers of scientists, and numbers of trainees. Furthermore, neuroscience as fact, explanation, and myth has just as dramatically redrawn our cultural landscape and redefined how Western popular culture understands who we are as individuals. In the 1950s, especially in the United States, Freud and his successors stood at the center of all cultural expla- nations for psychological suffering. In the new millennium, we perceive such suffering as erupting no longer from a repressed unconscious but, instead, from a pathophysiology rooted in and caused by brain abnormalities and dysfunctions. Indeed, the normal as well as the pathological have become thoroughly neurobiological in the last several decades. In the process, entirely new vistas have opened up in fields ranging from neuroeconomics and neurophilosophy to consumer products, as exemplified by an entire line of soft drinks advertised as offering “neuro” benefits. -
Faith and Community Around the Mediterranean in Honor of Peter R
ACADÉMIE ROUMAINE INSTITUT D’ÉTUDES SUD-EST EUROPÉENNES SOCIÉTÉ ROUMAINE D’ÉTUDES BYZANTINES ÉTUDES BYZANTINES ET POST-BYZANTINES Nouvelle série Tome I (VIII) Faith and Community around the Mediterranean In Honor of Peter R. L. Brown Editors PETRE GURAN and DAVID A. MICHELSON 2019 Contents Avant-propos . 5 Contributors . 9 Introduction: Dynamics of Faith and Community around the Mediterranean . 11 Peter R.L. Brown Reflections on Faith and Community around the Mediterranean . 19 Claudia Rapp New Religion—New Communities? Christianity and Social Relations in Late Antiquity and Beyond . 29 David A. Michelson “Salutary Vertigo”: Peter R L. Brown’s Impact on the Historiography of Christianity . 45 Craig H. Caldwell III Peter Brown and the Balkan World of Late Antiquity . 71 Philippa Townsend “Towards the Sunrise of the World”: Universalism and Community in Early Manichaeism . 77 Petre Guran Church, Christendom, Orthodoxy: Late Antique Juridical Terminology on the Christian Religion . 105 Nelu Zugravu John Chrysostom on Christianity as a Factor in the Dissolution and Aggregation of Community in the Ancient World . 121 Mark Sheridan The Development of the Concept of Poverty from Athanasius to Cassian . 141 Kevin Kalish The Language of Asceticism: Figurative Language in St . John Climacus’ Ladder of Divine Ascent . 153 Jack Tannous Early Islam and Monotheism: An Interpretation . 163 Uriel Simonsohn Family Does Matter: Muslim–Non-Muslim Kinship Ties in the Late Antique and Medieval Islamic Periods . 209 Thomas A. Carlson Faith among the Faithless? Theology as Aid or Obstacle to Islamization in Late Medieval Mesopotamia . 227 Maria Mavroudi Faith and Community: Their Deployment in the Modern Study of Byzantino-Arabica . -
Annual Report 2013.Pdf
ATOMIC HERITAGE FOUNDATION Preserving & Interpreting Manhattan Project History & Legacy preserving history ANNUAL REPORT 2013 WHY WE SHOULD PRESERVE THE MANHATTAN PROJECT “The factories and bombs that Manhattan Project scientists, engineers, and workers built were physical objects that depended for their operation on physics, chemistry, metallurgy, and other nat- ural sciences, but their social reality - their meaning, if you will - was human, social, political....We preserve what we value of the physical past because it specifically embodies our social past....When we lose parts of our physical past, we lose parts of our common social past as well.” “The new knowledge of nuclear energy has undoubtedly limited national sovereignty and scaled down the destructiveness of war. If that’s not a good enough reason to work for and contribute to the Manhattan Project’s historic preservation, what would be? It’s certainly good enough for me.” ~Richard Rhodes, “Why We Should Preserve the Manhattan Project,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, May/June 2006 Photographs clockwise from top: J. Robert Oppenheimer, General Leslie R. Groves pinning an award on Enrico Fermi, Leona Woods Marshall, the Alpha Racetrack at the Y-12 Plant, and the Bethe House on Bathtub Row. Front cover: A Bruggeman Ranch property. Back cover: Bronze statues by Susanne Vertel of J. Robert Oppenheimer and General Leslie Groves at Los Alamos. Table of Contents BOARD MEMBERS & ADVISORY COMMITTEE........3 Cindy Kelly, Dorothy and Clay Per- Letter from the President..........................................4 -
The Phases of European History and the Nonexistence of the Middle Ages Author(S): C
The Phases of European History and the Nonexistence of the Middle Ages Author(s): C. Warren Hollister Source: Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 61, No. 1 (Feb., 1992), pp. 1-22 Published by: University of California Press Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3640786 Accessed: 27-12-2019 00:28 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3640786?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms University of California Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Pacific Historical Review This content downloaded from 130.56.64.29 on Fri, 27 Dec 2019 00:28:03 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms The Phases of European History and the Nonexistence of the Middle Ages C. WARREN HOLLISTER The author is a member of the history department in the University of California, Santa Barbara. This paper was his presidential address to the Pacific Coast Branch of the American Historical Association at its annual meeting in August 1991 at Kona on the island of Hawaii. -
Medical Advisory Board September 1, 2006–August 31, 2007
hoWard hughes medical iNstitute 2007 annual report What’s Next h o W ard hughes medical i 4000 oNes Bridge road chevy chase, marylaNd 20815-6789 www.hhmi.org N stitute 2007 a nn ual report What’s Next Letter from the president 2 The primary purpose and objective of the conversation: wiLLiam r. Lummis 6 Howard Hughes Medical Institute shall be the promotion of human knowledge within the CREDITS thiNkiNg field of the basic sciences (principally the field of like medical research and education) and the a scieNtist 8 effective application thereof for the benefit of mankind. Page 1 Page 25 Page 43 Page 50 seeiNg Illustration by Riccardo Vecchio Südhof: Paul Fetters; Fuchs: Janelia Farm lab: © Photography Neurotoxin (Brunger & Chapman): Page 3 Matthew Septimus; SCNT images: by Brad Feinknopf; First level of Rongsheng Jin and Axel Brunger; iN Bruce Weller Blake Porch and Chris Vargas/HHMI lab building: © Photography by Shadlen: Paul Fetters; Mouse Page 6 Page 26 Brad Feinknopf (Tsai): Li-Huei Tsai; Zoghbi: Agapito NeW Illustration by Riccardo Vecchio Arabidopsis: Laboratory of Joanne Page 44 Sanchez/Baylor College 14 Page 8 Chory; Chory: Courtesy of Salk Janelia Farm guest housing: © Jeff Page 51 Ways Illustration by Riccardo Vecchio Institute Goldberg/Esto; Dudman: Matthew Szostak: Mark Wilson; Evans: Fred Page 10 Page 27 Septimus; Lee: Oliver Wien; Greaves/PR Newswire, © HHMI; Mello: Erika Larsen; Hannon: Zack Rosenthal: Paul Fetters; Students: Leonardo: Paul Fetters; Riddiford: Steitz: Harold Shapiro; Lefkowitz: capacity Seckler/AP, © HHMI; Lowe: Zack Paul Fetters; Map: Reprinted by Paul Fetters; Truman: Paul Fetters Stewart Waller/PR Newswire, Seckler/AP, © HHMI permission from Macmillan Page 46 © HHMI for Page 12 Publishers, Ltd.: Nature vol. -
![Torsten Wiesel (1924– ) [1]](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/7324/torsten-wiesel-1924-1-267324.webp)
Torsten Wiesel (1924– ) [1]
Published on The Embryo Project Encyclopedia (https://embryo.asu.edu) Torsten Wiesel (1924– ) [1] By: Lienhard, Dina A. Keywords: vision [2] Torsten Nils Wiesel studied visual information processing and development in the US during the twentieth century. He performed multiple experiments on cats in which he sewed one of their eyes shut and monitored the response of the cat’s visual system after opening the sutured eye. For his work on visual processing, Wiesel received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine [3] in 1981 along with David Hubel and Roger Sperry. Wiesel determined the critical period during which the visual system of a mammal [4] develops and studied how impairment at that stage of development can cause permanent damage to the neural pathways of the eye, allowing later researchers and surgeons to study the treatment of congenital vision disorders. Wiesel was born on 3 June 1924 in Uppsala, Sweden, to Anna-Lisa Bentzer Wiesel and Fritz Wiesel as their fifth and youngest child. Wiesel’s mother stayed at home and raised their children. His father was the head of and chief psychiatrist at a mental institution, Beckomberga Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, where the family lived. Wiesel described himself as lazy and playful during his childhood. He went to Whitlockska Samskolan, a coeducational private school in Stockholm, Sweden. At that time, Wiesel was interested in sports and became the president of his high school’s athletic association, which he described as his only achievement from his younger years. In 1941, at the age of seventeen, Wiesel enrolled at Karolinska Institutet (Royal Caroline Institute) in Solna, Sweden, where he pursued a medical degree and later pursued his own research. -
Textual, Is Heavily Skewed Towards Religious History,And Thus Risks Giving a False Impression
05 Cameron 1630 13/11/08 11:03 Page 129 RALEIGH LECTURE ON HISTORY Byzantium and the Limits of Orthodoxy AV ERIL CAMERON Fellow of the Academy THE LIST OF RALEIGH LECTURES since the series began in 1919 includes many that have become classics,including Norman Baynes’s ‘Constantine the Great and the Christian Church’ (1929) and more recently the lecture by Peter Brown on ‘The Problems of Christianisation’(1992).1 The only Raleigh lecture that has been on an unequivocally ‘Byzantine’ subject is that by Dimitri Obolensky on ‘Italy, Mount Athos and Muscovy: the Three Worlds of Maximos the Greek’ given in 1981. But perhaps it is no accident that if one takes the lectures by Norman Baynes and Peter Brown as at least touching on Byzantium, even if only concerned with its earliest history,all three have been on religious topics.The question is why this should be the case. Certainly the Byzantines themselves had a high understanding of Orthodoxy.Afourteenth-century patriarch grandly stated that he had been given the ‘care of all the world’.2 They certainly give the impression of having what modern political theorists call a ‘comprehensive doctrine’, and they undoubtedly aspired to such an ideal.3 In the sixth century the Read at the Academy 26 April 2007. 1 See Norman H. Baynes, Constantine the Great and the Christian Church,2nd edn. (Oxford, 1972); Peter Brown, Authority and the Sacred (Cambridge,1995), chap. 1. 2 See D. Obolensky, ‘Late Byzantine culture and the Slavs: a study in acculturation’, in id., The Byzantine Inheritance of Eastern Europe (Aldershot, 1982), 17. -
Biology Distilled Minimize Boom-And-Bust Cycles of Species Outbreaks and Ecosystem Imbalances
COMMENT BOOKS & ARTS “Serengeti Rules”), which he shows are appli- cable both to the restoration of ecosystems and to the management of the biosphere. The same rule may carry different names in different biological contexts. The double- negative logic rule, for instance, enables a given gene product to feed back to slow down its own synthesis. In an ecosystem the same rule, known as top-down regulation, NHPA/PHOTOSHOT VINCE BURTON/ applies when the abundance of a predator (such as lynx) limits the rise in the popu- lation of prey (such as snowshoe hares). This is why, in Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, the reintroduction of wolves has resulted in non-intuitive changes in hydrology and forest cover: wolves prey on elk, which disproportionately feed on streamside willows and tree seedlings. It is also why ecologists can continue to manage the Serengeti, and have been able to ‘rebuild’ a functioning ecosystem from scratch in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique. Carroll argues that the rules regulat- Interactions between predators and prey, such as lynxes and hares, can be modelled with biological rules. ing human bodily functions — which have improved medical care and driven drug dis- ECOLOGY covery — can be applied to ecosystems, to guide conservation and restoration, and to heal our ailing planet. His Serengeti Rules encapsulate the checks and balances that Biology distilled minimize boom-and-bust cycles of species outbreaks and ecosystem imbalances. Eco- Brian J. Enquist reflects on a blueprint to guide logical systems that are missing key regula- the recovery of life on Earth. tory players, such as predators, can collapse; if they are overtaken by organisms spread by human activities, such as the kudzu vine, a an biology become as predictive as the unification of biology ‘cancer-like’ growth of that species can result. -
Phd Student Interns Gain New Perspectives at the Library
Volume 20 Fall 2015 A newsletter for faculty and the University community published by the University of Chicago Library with support from the Libra Library Society PhD Student Interns Gain New Perspectives at the Library By RacheL Ro SeNBeRG HEN THE CALL WENT OUT FOR for careers in academia, nonprofits, government, and industry,” SUMMER INTERNSHIP IDEAS for the said A-J Aronstein, Associate Director of Graduate Career University of Chicago’s Graduate Global Development and Employer Relations. “The kind of skills that Impact program, librarians on campus one develops in the Library—including digital skills, coding, recognized a dual opportunity. PhD students and archival research—are just as vital for jobs on the tenure W track as they are for jobs in other fields.” could develop new perspectives on scholarship by working with librarians on important projects, while the work they accomplished Digital South Asia Library Intern Rafadi Hakim could enhance the Library’s offerings for its many users. Four interns—Rafadi Hakim, Ellen Ambrosone, Marco A PhD student in Anthropology, Rafadi Hakim, was hired Torres, and Eric Phillips—were hired for summer 2015. Through to help expand and enhance the presentation of data and texts their internships, they gained new insights into the local and in the Digital South Asia Library (DSAL, at dsal.uchicago. global impact of librarianship and scholarship. edu). His projects ranged from writing a grant application with “The primary objective of the internship program is to provide librarians to adding digital facsimiles to the DSAL website. graduate students with flexible training that can help them prepare Hakim jumped at the chance to be involved in the digital continued on page 4 Crescat scientia; vita excolatur Let knowledge grow from more to more; and so be human life enriched. -
2006Spring.Pdf
− X8 PROTEUM THE ULTIMATE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY SYSTEM When you need the best system for Structural Biology, the Bruker X8 PROTEUM offers high-throughput screening AND superb high resolution data in one uncompromising package. With our MICROSTAR family of generators, you can rely on the extremely intense micro-focus X-ray beam coupled with the ultra-bright HELIOS optics to handle everything from small crystals to large unit cells With over 700135 detector CCD detectors for speed, installed, sensitivity, we know size and how dynamic to optimize range the to give PLATINUM you the best data possible in the home lab Our KAPPA goniometer’s high precision mechanics allow you to orient the sample along any axis in reciprocal space, while having easy access to mount, cool or anneal your crystals Get the best data, get the fastest system, get the power to solve your structures – X8 PROTEUM. BRUKER ADVANCED X-RAY SOLUTIONS North America: BRUKER AXS INC Tel. (+1) (608) 276-3000 Fax (+1) (608) 276-3006 www.bruker-axs.com [email protected] Germany: BRUKER AXS GMBH Tel. (+49) (721) 595- 2888 Fax (+49) (721) 595-4587 www.bruker-axs.de [email protected] Netherlands: BRUKER AXS BV Tel. (+31) (15) 215-2400 Fax (+31) (15) 215-2500 www.bruker-axs.nl [email protected] American Crystallographic Association * REFLECTIONS *see page 9 for notes on our new name and for new logo possibilities Cover: Images from Warren Award Recipient Charles Majkrazk and his colleagues; see page 25. ACA HOME PAGE: hwi.buffalo.edu/ACA/ Table of Contents 3 President’s -
Medicine COVID-19 and RACISM
Columbia 2019–2020 ANNUAL REPORT Medicine Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons FIGHTING TWO VIRUSES: COVID-19 AND RACISM Features: 4 12 20 At a Crossroads: All Hands on Deck The Bioethics of Medicine and Genomics and Justice the Movement Pivot was the action verb that describes how VP&S clinicians, A new ethics division is Work toward health equality researchers, and students expanding VP&S scholarship has begun at VP&S and all confronted COVID-19 when the into the ethical, legal, and of academic medicine as early virus arrived in New York City. social implications of precision summer protests revealed From redeploying clinicians to medicine. The 360-degree the health disparities in areas outside their specialty to perspective includes “studying medicine in general and graduating fourth-year students the studies” as researchers especially in COVID-19 cases. early, VP&S helped “bend the continue to unleash the Students and faculty share curve” at the epicenter of the power to treat, prevent, and their own perspectives on nation’s pandemic. cure disease. The effort also the intersection of COVID-19 provides an opportunity to and Black Lives Matter. bring social science to bear on bioethical questions. On the Cover Steven McDonald, MD, a 2014 VP&S graduate, is one of five faculty members and medical students who share their perspectives on the Black Lives Matter movement. Read about the five and the VP&S plans to promote racial justice, Page 4. Photograph by Jörg Meyer ColumbiaMedicine | 2019–2020 Annual Report Issue -
Magazine Winter 2008
MAGAZINE WINTER 2008 • DEVRA DAVIS ON THE • IDEA TO IPO: CAN YOU CANCER WAR COMMERCIALI ZE YO UR DISCOVERY? , ~he New York ~ Academy of Sciences i science sin ce 181 7 • www.nyas.org PHIL SHARP, WHO WON THE 1993 NOBEL PRIZE IN ment in recent years, says, "Postdocs who not so long ago did Medicine and trained a scientist who won the same award 13 something really great and are given a lot of money and have to years later, says he learn ed from his first mentors how to nurture set about building a group are immediately faced with all kinds budding talent. While Sharp was still a grad student in chemistry of challenges. Very seldom has anybody talked to them about at the University of Illinois, Victor Bloomfield gave hi s career how to do this leadership thing and how to cope with all the hu a boost by telling other scientists about his work and by send man situations that science throws up when you're dealing with ing him to scientific meetings. And his postdoctoral advisor, a creative endeavor." National Medal of Science recipient Norman Davidson, enco ur aged Sharp to pursue his own research and engage with other THE DEMORALIZED LAB faculty at Cal tech. It's no surprise then that the iniquitous university workplace As he continued his studies under 1962 Nobel Laureate ,·I/here senior investigators take credit for students' work, sched James Watson at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Sharp learned ule lab meetings on holidays, or provoke postdocs to hoard that «if you surround yourself with very exciting people and re supplies and lock up their data by pitting them against one an search projects in an environment where ideas are always perco other-is no mere myth.