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The Freshwater Herring of Lake Tanganyika Are the Product of a Marine Invasion Into West Africa

View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Open Marine Archive Marine Incursion: The Freshwater Herring of Lake Tanganyika Are the Product of a Marine Invasion into West Africa Anthony B. Wilson1,2¤*, Guy G. Teugels3, Axel Meyer1 1 Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany, 2 Zoological Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 3 Ichthyology Laboratory, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium Abstract The spectacular marine-like diversity of the endemic fauna of Lake Tanganyika, the oldest of the African Great Lakes, led early researchers to suggest that the lake must have once been connected to the ocean. Recent geophysical reconstructions clearly indicate that Lake Tanganyika formed by rifting in the African subcontinent and was never directly linked to the sea. Although the Lake has a high proportion of specialized endemics, the absence of close relatives outside Tanganyika has complicated phylogeographic reconstructions of the timing of lake colonization and intralacustrine diversification. The freshwater herring of Lake Tanganyika are members of a large group of pellonuline herring found in western and southern Africa, offering one of the best opportunities to trace the evolutionary history of members of Tanganyika’s biota. Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions indicate that herring colonized West Africa 25–50MYA, at the end of a major marine incursion in the region. Pellonuline herring subsequently experienced an evolutionary radiation in West Africa, spreading across the continent and reaching East Africa’s Lake Tanganyika during its early formation. While Lake Tanganyika has never been directly connected with the sea, the endemic freshwater herring of the lake are the descendents of an ancient marine incursion, a scenario which may also explain the origin of other Tanganyikan endemics.
Important Northeast Fish Provides Bait & Forage Needs

Species Profile: Atlantic Herring Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus Important Northeast Fish Provides Bait & Forage Needs Introduction Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) is a member of the clupeid family, which are typically small, schooling marine fishes, such as menhaden, shad, and sardines. This species is also known as sea herring because it spends its entire life cycle in the ASMFC Management Area: ME - NJ ocean (unlike the anadromous river herring). Atlantic herring inhabits the coastal Common Names: Sea herring, sar- waters of the United States from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina through Labra- dine, herring dor, Canada, and also off the coasts of Europe. Herring form the base of the food web as a forage fish for marine mammals, seabirds, and many fish throughout the Interesting Facts: * Atlantic sea herring are often Mid-Atlantic and Northeast. They are an effective and affordable bait source for confused with river herring. Sea lobster, blue crab, and tuna fishermen, and were historically sold by fish canneries herring spend their entire life at as sardines. Whale watching/ecotourism and salt retailers are indirectly dependent sea, while river herring migrate on a steady supply of herring because whales migrate inshore in pursuit of schooling annually to freshwater to spawn. * Atlantic and Pacific herring have herring and fishermen buy salt to preserve their fish. Overseas, frozen and salted been found to produce a burst herring are a valued commodity. of sound, called a Fast Repetitive Tick, at night. Its believed that The Commission’s Atlantic Herring Section manages herring in state waters (0 - 3 this high-pitched click-like sound miles from shore), while the New England Fishery Management Council (Council) is used by herring to signal their location, thereby making it easier regulates the stock in federal waters (3 - 200 miles from shore).
Amorphometric and Meristic Study of the Halfbeak, Hyporhamphus

W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1993 Amorphometric and Meristic Study of the Halfbeak, Hyporhamphus unifasciatus (Teleostei: Hemiramphidae) from the Western Atlantic, with the Description of a New Species Heidi M. Banford College of William and Mary - Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography Commons Recommended Citation Banford, Heidi M., "Amorphometric and Meristic Study of the Halfbeak, Hyporhamphus unifasciatus (Teleostei: Hemiramphidae) from the Western Atlantic, with the Description of a New Species" (1993). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539617658. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25773/v5-pbsc-sy52 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A MORPHOMETRIC AND MERISTIC STUDY OF THE HALFBEAK, HYPORHAMPHUS UNIFASCIATUS (TELEOSTEI: HEMIRAMPHIDAE) FROM THE WESTERN ATLANTIC, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the School of Marine Science The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Heidi M. Banford 1993 This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Heidi M. Banford Approved, July 1993 Jojm A. Musick,' Ph.D. flmittee Chairman/Advisor ~ t M . ^ Herbert M. Austin, Ph.D.
1969 Compassion and Care

Justice Holmes • Inflammation • Harry Widener MAY-JUNE 2019 • $4.95 Compassion 1969 and Care Physician-Poet Rafael Campo Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 May 2019 Dear Reader, In 1898, an association of Harvard graduates established the Harvard Alumni Bulletin, “to give selected and summarized Harvard news to graduates who want it” and “to serve as a medium for publishing promptly all notices and announcements of interest to graduates.” members and students extend the limits of discovery and human understanding—in service to an ever more far- ung, diverse group of alumni around the globe. Today, nearly a century and a quarter later, the name has changed, to Harvard Magazine (as have the look and contents), but the founding Your Harvard Magazine can capture alumni voices (see the letters responding to the March-April principles have not: feature on the events of April 1969, beginning on page 4 of this issue), dive deep into critical research (read the feature on the scientists exploring in ammation, and how their work contributes • e magazine exists to serve the interests of its readers (now including all University to understanding disease, on page 46), and keep you current on the critical issues facing higher alumni, faculty, and sta )—not any other agenda. education on campus and around the world (see John Harvard’s Journal, beginning on page 18). • Readers’ support is the most important underpinning of this commitment to high- Your contribution underwrites the journalism you are reading now, the expanded coverage quality, editorially independent journalism on readers’ behalf.
Health Effects of Nutrients and Environmental Pollutants in Baltic Herring and Salmon: a Quantitative Beneft-Risk Assessment

Health effects of nutrients and environmental pollutants in Baltic herring and salmon: a quantitative benet-risk assessment Jouni T Tuomisto ( jouni.tuomisto@thl. ) Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9988-1762 Arja Asikainen Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos Päivi Meriläinen Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos Päivi Haapasaari Helsingin Yliopisto Research article Keywords: Fish consumption, dioxins, methylmercury, benet-risk assessment, health impact, sperm concentration, Baltic Sea, knowledge crystal, food recommendation, European Food Safety Authority EFSA. Posted Date: December 16th, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.16019/v4 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published on January 15th, 2020. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889- 019-8094-1. Page 1/24 Abstract Background Health risks linked with dioxin in sh remain a complex policy issue. Fatty Baltic sh contain persistent pollutants, but they are otherwise healthy food. We studied the health benets and risks associated with Baltic herring and salmon in four countries to identify critical uncertainties and to facilitate an evidence-based discussion. Methods We performed an online survey investigating consumers' sh consumption and its motivation in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, and Sweden. Dioxin and methylmercury concentrations were estimated based on Finnish studies. Exposure-response functions for several health endpoints were evaluated and quantied based on the scientic literature. We also quantied the infertility risk of men based on a recent European risk assessment estimating childhood dioxin exposure and its effect on sperm concentration later in life.
Mid-Atlantic Forage Species ID Guide

Mid-Atlantic Forage Species Identification Guide Forage Species Identification Guide Basic Morphology Dorsal fin Lateral line Caudal fin This guide provides descriptions and These species are subject to the codes for the forage species that vessels combined 1,700-pound trip limit: Opercle and dealers are required to report under Operculum • Anchovies the Mid-Atlantic Council’s Unmanaged Forage Omnibus Amendment. Find out • Argentines/Smelt Herring more about the amendment at: • Greeneyes Pectoral fin www.mafmc.org/forage. • Halfbeaks Pelvic fin Anal fin Caudal peduncle All federally permitted vessels fishing • Lanternfishes in the Mid-Atlantic Forage Species Dorsal Right (lateral) side Management Unit and dealers are • Round Herring required to report catch and landings of • Scaled Sardine the forage species listed to the right. All species listed in this guide are subject • Atlantic Thread Herring Anterior Posterior to the 1,700-pound trip limit unless • Spanish Sardine stated otherwise. • Pearlsides/Deepsea Hatchetfish • Sand Lances Left (lateral) side Ventral • Silversides • Cusk-eels Using the Guide • Atlantic Saury • Use the images and descriptions to identify species. • Unclassified Mollusks (Unmanaged Squids, Pteropods) • Report catch and sale of these species using the VTR code (red bubble) for • Other Crustaceans/Shellfish logbooks, or the common name (dark (Copepods, Krill, Amphipods) blue bubble) for dealer reports. 2 These species are subject to the combined 1,700-pound trip limit: • Anchovies • Argentines/Smelt Herring •
Pacific Herring

11. PACIFIC HERRING Pacific Herring, Clupea pallasi Photo Credit: Ryan Watanabe Review of the Fishery Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi, landings peaked three times during the past century in response to market demands for fishmeal, canned fish, and sac-roe. During the intervening years, herring catches were low, when most of the herring catch was used as pet food, bait, or animal food at zoos. The herring reduction fishery peaked in 1918 at eight million pounds (3,632 metric tons), but this fishery ended in 1919 when reduction of whole fish into fishmeal was prohibited. From 1947 to 1954, herring were canned to supplement the declining supply of Pacific sardines, Sardinops sagax; landings during this period peaked in 1952 at 9.5 million pounds (4,313 metric tons). Canned herring, however, proved to be a poor substitute for sardines and limited demand led to the demise of this fishery by 1954. In 1973, sac-roe fisheries developed along the West Coast of North America from Alaska to California to supply the demands of the Japanese market. This occurred after domestic Japanese herring stocks crashed due to overfishing and Japan and the Soviet Union agreed to ban the harvest of sac-roe herring in the Sea of Okhotsk. The Japanese government also liberalized import quotas, which opened the sac-roe market to United States and Canadian exporters. Since then, herring in California have been harvested primarily for their roe, with small amounts of whole herring marketed for human consumption, aquarium food, and bait. Herring ovaries (commonly referred to as “skeins” by those in the fishing industry) are brined and prepared as a traditional Japanese New Year’s delicacy called “kazunoko.” Brined skeins are leached in freshwater overnight and served with condiments or as sushi.
Teleostei, Clupeiformes)

Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations Biological Sciences Fall 2019 Global Conservation Status and Threat Patterns of the World’s Most Prominent Forage Fishes (Teleostei, Clupeiformes) Tiffany L. Birge Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_etds Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Biology Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Natural Resources and Conservation Commons Recommended Citation Birge, Tiffany L.. "Global Conservation Status and Threat Patterns of the World’s Most Prominent Forage Fishes (Teleostei, Clupeiformes)" (2019). Master of Science (MS), Thesis, Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/8m64-bg07 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_etds/109 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GLOBAL CONSERVATION STATUS AND THREAT PATTERNS OF THE WORLD’S MOST PROMINENT FORAGE FISHES (TELEOSTEI, CLUPEIFORMES) by Tiffany L. Birge A.S. May 2014, Tidewater Community College B.S. May 2016, Old Dominion University A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE BIOLOGY OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY December 2019 Approved by: Kent E. Carpenter (Advisor) Sara Maxwell (Member) Thomas Munroe (Member) ABSTRACT GLOBAL CONSERVATION STATUS AND THREAT PATTERNS OF THE WORLD’S MOST PROMINENT FORAGE FISHES (TELEOSTEI, CLUPEIFORMES) Tiffany L. Birge Old Dominion University, 2019 Advisor: Dr. Kent E.
Herring Diversity (Family Clupeidae and Dussumieriidae) in North Carolina

Herring Diversity (Family Clupeidae and Dussumieriidae) in North Carolina North Carolina is home to 13 species of herrings, but most people only know of or heard of the more common ones such as American Shad, Hickory Shad, Alewife, Blueback Herring, Atlantic Menhaden, Gizzard Shad, and Threadfin Shad (Table 1; NCWRC undated – a). Except for perhaps some fishermen along the coast, few people have ever heard of or seen Round Herring, Yellowfin Menhaden, Atlantic Herring, Scaled Sardine, Atlantic Thread Herring, or Spanish Sardine. Table 1. Species of herrings found in or along the coast of North Carolina. Scientific Name/ Scientific Name/ American Fisheries Society Accepted Common Name American Fisheries Society Accepted Common Name Alosa aestivalis - Blueback Herring Dorosoma cepedianum - Gizzard Shad Alosa mediocris - Hickory Shad Dorosoma petenense - Threadfin Shad Alosa pseudoharengus - Alewife Etrumeus sadina - Round Herring1 Alosa sapidissima - American Shad Harengula jaguana - Scaled Sardine Brevoortia tyrannus - Atlantic Menhaden Opisthonema oglinum - Atlantic Thread Herring Brevoortia smithi - Yellowfin Menhaden Sardinella aurita - Spanish Sardine Clupea harengus - Atlantic Herring 1 Until recently, Round Herring, Etrumeus sadina (previously known as E. teres), was placed, along with all the other clupeids found in North Carolina, in the Family Clupeidae. Fish taxonomists now place this species in the Family Dussumieriidae. Alewife and Blueback Herring are often referred to as “River Herring”; other colorful names applied to this family of fishes include glut herring, bigeye herring, nanny shad, stink shad, or just plain “shad”. Each species has an American Fisheries Society-accepted common name (Page et al. 2013) and a scientific (Latin) name (Table 1; Appendix 1). Herring occur across the state in freshwater and saltwater environments, but especially in many of our reservoirs, coastal rivers, estuaries, and offshore (Tracy et al.
ILLEGAL FISHING Which Fish Species Are at Highest Risk from Illegal and Unreported Fishing?

ILLEGAL FISHING Which fish species are at highest risk from illegal and unreported fishing? October 2015 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 INTRODUCTION 4 METHODOLOGY 5 OVERALL FINDINGS 9 NOTES ON ESTIMATES OF IUU FISHING 13 Tunas 13 Sharks 14 The Mediterranean 14 US Imports 15 CONCLUSION 16 CITATIONS 17 OCEAN BASIN PROFILES APPENDIX 1: IUU Estimates for Species Groups and Ocean Regions APPENDIX 2: Estimates of IUU Risk for FAO Assessed Stocks APPENDIX 3: FAO Ocean Area Boundary Descriptions APPENDIX 4: 2014 U.S. Edible Imports of Wild-Caught Products APPENDIX 5: Overexploited Stocks Categorized as High Risk – U.S. Imported Products Possibly Derived from Stocks EXECUTIVE SUMMARY New analysis by World Wildlife Fund (WWF) finds that over 85 percent of global fish stocks can be considered at significant risk of Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing. This evaluation is based on the most recent comprehensive estimates of IUU fishing and includes the worlds’ major commercial stocks or species groups, such as all those that are regularly assessed by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Based on WWF’s findings, the majority of the stocks, 54 percent, are categorized as at high risk of IUU, with an additional 32 perent judged to be at moderate risk. Of the 567 stocks that were assessed, the findings show that 485 stocks fall into these two categories. More than half of the world’s most overexploited stocks are at the highest risk of IUU fishing. Examining IUU risk by location, the WWF analysis shows that in more than one-third of the world’s ocean basins as designated by the FAO, all of these stocks were at high or moderate risk of IUU fishing.
Distribution and Migration and Status of Pacific Herring

AYK Herring Report No.lZ ~ DISTRIBUTION !ND MIGRATION AND STATUS OF PACIFIC HERRING by Vidar G. Wespestad* and Louis H. Barton** *Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oce~ic and Atmospheric Administration 2725 Montlake Boulevard East Seattle, Washington 98112 **Alaska Dept. Fish and Game 333 Raspberry Road Anchorage, Alaska 99502 December 1979 .. .. .. .. .. DISTRIBUTION AND MIGRATION AND STATUS OF PACIFIC HERRING Vidar G. Wespestad Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center 2725 Montlake Blvd. E. Seattle, Washington 98112 Louis H. Barton Alaska Dept. Fish and Game 333 Raspberry Road Anchorage, Alaska 99502 ABSTRACT Pacific herring are an important part of the Bering Sea food web and fi;>rm the basis of a major connnercial fishery. Until re cently Japan and the U.S.S.R. have been major exploiters of herring. Catch peaked in the early 1970 1 s at 145,579 mt, and then declined in response to overfishing and poor recruitment. Recently herring abundance has increased, and the United States has become the dom inant exploiter of herring. Most herring are harvested in coastal waters during the spawn ing period which commences in late April/mid-May along the Alaska Peninsula and Bristol Bay and progressively later to the north. Spawning occurs at temperatures of 5-12 C and the time of spawning is related to winter water temperatures with early spawning in warm years and 1ate spawning in co1d years. Ouri ng spawning eggs are 166. deposited on vegetation in the intertidal zone of shallow bays and rocky headlands. Eggs hatch in 2-3 weeks as planktonic larvae and metamorphose to juveniles after 6-10 weeks.
Ecological Problem? Dioxins in Baltic Salmon and Herring

Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning ISSN: 1523-908X (Print) 1522-7200 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cjoe20 How to improve governance of a complex social- ecological problem? Dioxins in Baltic salmon and herring Päivi Haapasaari, Suvi Ignatius, Mia Pihlajamäki, Simo Sarkki, Jouni T. Tuomisto & Alyne Delaney To cite this article: Päivi Haapasaari, Suvi Ignatius, Mia Pihlajamäki, Simo Sarkki, Jouni T. Tuomisto & Alyne Delaney (2019) How to improve governance of a complex social-ecological problem? Dioxins in Baltic salmon and herring, Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 21:6, 649-661, DOI: 10.1080/1523908X.2019.1661236 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2019.1661236 © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa Published online: 09 Sep 2019. UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Submit your article to this journal Article views: 504 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 1 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=cjoe20 JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY & PLANNING 2019, VOL. 21, NO. 6, 649–661 https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2019.1661236 How to improve governance of a complex social-ecological problem? Dioxins in Baltic salmon and herring Päivi Haapasaari a,b*, Suvi Ignatiusa*, Mia Pihlajamäki a,c,d*, Simo Sarkki e, Jouni T. Tuomistof and Alyne Delaneyb,g aFisheries and Environmental Management Group (FEM), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme,