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Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society, Vol. 11, No BULLETIN OF THE MASSACHUSETTS ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY . VOL. XI NO.3 ,APRIL 1950 CONTENTS Historical Approach to Titicut Maurice Robbins ••••••••• 48 Typology of the Heard Pond Site William S. Fowler. ••••••• 74 o PUBLISHED BY THE MASSACHUSETTS ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Douglas S. Byers, f;ditor, Box 71, Andover, Mass. William S. Fowler, Secretary, Attleboro Museum, Attleboro, Mass. Winthrop F, Barden, Treasurer, 18 North Main Street t Attleboro, Mass. I lHE CLEMENT C. MftJeWELL LIBRARY . STATE COllEGE JRIDGEWATER, MAsSACHIISfm This journal and its contents may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. ©2010 Massachusetts Archaeological Society. HISTORICAL APPROACH TO TITICUT Maurice Robbins FOREWORD The writer is rully aware that there is territory about Titicut. Mr. Ralph Davol or much controversial material in this discuss­ Taunton, a man in his eighties who walked ion or historic events and land transactions. rrom old COhannet over the Rhode Island Path There are many possible interpretations other to Titicut severai times to sit with us be­ than those arrived at here. Many, rar more neath the trees by the Titicut River and UUk able, historians have written many volumes about those times when Indians roamed the about this place and period, and they are, by land, helped more than he knows to develop no means, in agreement. this paper. To him we are indebted ror the note about the town or Tetecut in England. Herein has been included all or the data available to the writer which seemed perti­ We owe a special debt to Mr. Charles S. nent but, in the interest or qravity, much or Sherman or Plymouth, a man most ramiliar interest has been passed by. with the ancient records or his home town, but more than that, a man with such an inti­ Most or the source material has been mate understanding or the ways 'or the Pil­ drawn rrom the original records or Plymouth grims that his councils are or more value Colony, some has come rrom the secondary than a hundred books. He spent many hours writers, from Gookin who wrote in the early in carerully retracing the route or Winslow seventeen hundreds to Bowen writing ' in nine­ and Hopkins rrom Plymouth to Pokonoket, teen rorty-five. checking the mileage and observing the agree­ ment between geography and the observations We have prorited much by correspondence or WinslOW. Originally convinced that the and conversation with many interested persons route was directly by the Rhode Island Path in Bridgewater, Middleboro, Taunton, and to Pokonoket and not by the way or Titicut, Plymouth. We are especially indebted to Mrs. he concluded a rinal letter with this note - Zlla Van Steenburg and Mr. William H. Taylor "so lIm going to let you decide if they did or North Middleboro who loaned us several or did not detour to Titicut, as that route, ancient and hard to get town histories and at the present time, looks most promising." gave or their personal knowledge of the 48 This journal and its contents may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. ©2010 Massachusetts Archaeological Society. 49 MASSACHUSETTS ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY: BULLETIN INTRODUCTION This historical study or the area in soon became apparent that the accuracy or which the Indian site which we have chosen to the study would depend upon a proper inter­ call Titicut is located was undertaken with pretation or these ancient records and that three purposes in mind. It was desired to this interpretation would be valid only ir establish an end date ror the historic indian it were made in the light or contemporary occupation or the area. to determine, ir customs. If one is to understand fully the possible, the political arri1iation or the records or colonial Plymouth one must divest later inhabitants, and to justiry our use of the mind or many modern concepts and recon­ the term Titicut as a name ror the site. struct the atmosphere or the seventeenth century. The present concepts or land To this end a carerul examination has tenure must be rorgotten and it must be re­ been made or primary and secondary records membered that, whereas modern land bounds and such other literature as was available are determined by the use of precision in­ which concerned the area in general. It struments, these were not available to our predecessors. THE DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPEAN TITLES TO NEW ENGLAND LAND PRIMARY TITLES IN N1j:W ENGLAND take possession of such remote and barbarous lands as were not actually in the possession During the sixteenth and seventeenth of any other Christian prince or people. At centuries. various European countries assumed a later date this charter was renewed to Sir title to land in America by right of disco~y Walter Raleigh in nearly the same terms. No and exploration. On the basis of voyages permanent settlements were made under this along the Atlantic coastline, or. in some few charter. instances an incipient exploration for a short distance up some of the major rivers, by her The rirst permanent English settlements nationals or by persons r1ying her flag, Eng­ on this continent were made under a charter land made claim to all or the land in North granted in 1606 by King James I to Sir America between the rortieth and rorty-eighth Thomas Gates and others. This grant included parallels "from 'sea to sea." (1) those territories in America "lying on the seacoast between the thirty-rourth degree or Although rul1y aware that this territory north latitude and the forty-rourth degree was the domain or many groups or aboriginal or north latitude, and which be10ngeth to people. the proprietary rights or such inhabi­ the Crown or were not then in the possession tants were completely ignored in the granting or any other Christian Prince or People." or vast areas or territory to various persons Upon their own request the grantees were and corporations who were encouraged to occupy divided into two companies. The rirst or it in the name of the Crown. It is probable southern colony was directed to settle be­ that the ministers or the King were well aware tween the thirty-rourth and rorty-rirst that the question or aboriginal rights would parallels or north latitude; and the second eventually arise but chose to pass it along or northern colony. between the thirty-eighth to those who would be obliged to deal with it and rorty-rirth parallels. directly. For their own part they brushed the matter lightly aside. justifying their Arter a not too successrul and rather action by asserting that, unless people ac­ expensive attempt at rounding a settlement tually made USIl or land in a manner similar had been made, a new and much more inclusive to that usual in Europe, no such right exist­ charter was granted in 1609 by the Crown to ed. There was also the curious thought that the rirst or southern colony. This charter unless a person were a Christian he had no granted to the "Treasurer and Company or right to land anyway. Adventurers or the City or London for the rirst colony in Virginia." in absolute pro­ The primary titles to the area in which perty the lands extending along the seacoast we are interested were derived rrom crown or rour hundred miles and into the lands "rrom England between 1578 and 1622. In the rormer sea to sea." This charter was later annulled, year a charter was granted to Sir Humphrey so rar as the rights or the company were con­ Gilbert. which authorized him to discover and cerned. by the judgment or the, Court of King's Bench upon a writ or "quo warrento;" 1. Prologue to New England - Howe. but the whole erfect allowed by this judgment HISTORICAL APPROACH TO TITICUT 50 was to revest in the Crown the powers or the name or the Governor, W~lliam Bradford. government and title to the lands within its This grant derines the territorial limits or limits. the colony and, as the patent or grant under which all secondary grants issued in Plymouth In 1620, upon petition or those who Colony were made, is worth repeating here: held the original grant or 1606 to the nort~ "The Council ror New England, in Considera­ ern colony, another new and enlarged charter tion that William Bradrord and his associates was granted to the Duke or Lennox and others, have, ror these nine years, lived in New who were called the Plymouth Company, as England and have planted a town called New­ many or them came rrom the vicinity or Ply­ Plymouth, at their own charges; and now see­ mouth, England. This charter conveyed to ing, by the special Providence or God, and them all or the lands between the rortieth their extraordinary care and industry, they and rorty-eighth parallels, a hundred miles have encreased their plantations to near up into the country. (2) three hundred people, and are, on all occa­ sions, able to relieve any new planters, or The English who settled at Plymouth on others or his Majestie's subjects, who may Massachusetts Bay were most rortunate in ra11 on the coast, thererore seal a patent their selection or a site as the area was, to the said William Bradrord, his heirs, at the time, devoid or inhabitants. They Associates, and Assigns, or all that part or were thus enabled to establish themselves New-England between Cohasset River1et towards without interrerence and to deal with the the north, and Narrhaganset River towards the problem or aboriginal property rights at south, the Western Oceon towards the east, their leisure.
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