DOCSLIB.ORG

AFH 10-222, VOLUME 1 Civil Engineer Bare Base Development

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
AFH 10-222, VOLUME 1 Civil Engineer Bare Base Development AIR FORCE HANDBOOK 10-222, VOLUME 1 23 January 2012 CIVIL ENGINEER BARE BASE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE BY ORDER OF THE AIR FORCE HANDBOOK 10-222 SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE VOLUME 1 23 January 2012 Operations CIVIL ENGINEER BARE BASE DEVELOPMENT ACCESSIBILITY: Publications and forms are available on the e-Publishing website at www.e-publishing.af.mil for downloading or ordering. RELEASABILITY: There are no releasability restrictions on this publication. OPR: AFCESA/CEXX Certified by: AF/A7CX Supersedes AFH 10-222V1, (Colonel Darren P. Gibbs) 1 February 2006 Pages: 239 This handbook provides USAF civil engineers with guidance on developing bare bases to beddown personnel and weapons systems in support of Air Force contingency operations. It addresses procedures to build-up, expand and repair airfields, facilities, utilities, and other key infrastructure for beddown locations. This publication applies to all Air Force active duty, Air National Guard (ANG), and Air Force Reserve Command Civil Engineer units. It supports Air Force Instruction (AFI) 10-210, Prime Base Engineer Emergency Force (BEEF) Program and AFI 10-211, Civil Engineer Contingency Response Planning. Refer recommended changes and questions about this publication to the Office of Primary Responsibility (OPR) using AF Form 847, Recommendation for Change of Publication: route AF Form 847s through Major Command (MAJCOM) publications/forms managers. Ensure that all records created as a result of processes prescribed in this publication are maintained in accordance with Air Force Manual (AFMAN) 33-363, Management of Records, and disposed of in accordance with Air Force Records Disposition Schedule (RDS) located at https://www.my.af.mil/afrims/afrims/afrims/rims.cfm. The use of the name or mark of any specific manufacturer, commercial product, commodity, or service in this publication does not imply endorsement by the Air Force. AFH10-222 Volume 1, 23 January 2012 2 2 SUMMARY OF CHANGES This document is substantially revised and must be completely reviewed. This revision updates changes to Basic Expeditionary Airfield Resources (BEAR), including the new BEAR Water System, and BEAR Order of Battle (BOB) 2 capabilities-based equipment configurations; and highlights safety guidelines to include arc flash protection and other personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements. It also incorporates the construction of roads, berms, ditches, and expedient field hygiene and sanitation facilities; pest management and waste disposal activities; and support for medical and services facilities. Chapter 1—BARE BASE DEVELOPMENT ........................................... 12 1.1. Overview ................................................................................. 12 1.2. Roles and Responsibilities ...................................................... 12 Figure 1.1. Air Force Civil Engineer Publications Hierarchy ................... 13 Table 1.1. Prime BEEF Beddown Teams and Capabilities ...................... 14 Table 1.2. Typical RED HORSE Special Capabilities ............................. 18 Figure 1.2. RED HORSE Constructing Warehouse Facility in Iraq (2008) ..................................................................................... 19 Table 1.3. 49th MMG Teams and Capabilities ........................................ 19 Figure 1.3. 49th MMG Assembles Large Area Maintenance Shelter ...... 20 Table 1.4. CEMIRT Specialized Capabilities .......................................... 21 Figure 1.4. CEMIRT Members Perform Depot-Level Repairs ................. 21 1.3. Planning Information and Resources ...................................... 22 1.4. Employment ............................................................................ 22 Figure 1.5. Force Modules ........................................................................ 23 Figure 1.6. Building an Army TOC at FOB Kalsu, Iraq (2007) ................ 24 AFH10-222 Volume 1, 23 January 2012 3 3 1.5. Expeditionary Site Planning .................................................... 24 Table 1.5. Bare Base/Beddown Information ............................................ 25 Figure 1.7. Non-BEAR Water Tank Used At Operating Location ........... 28 1.6. Stages of Development ........................................................... 30 Table 1.6. General Bare Base Development Priorities ............................. 30 Figure 1.8. Airfield Repair at Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan (2007) ........ 31 Figure 1.9. Positioning an M-22 Automatic Chemical Agent Alarm ........ 33 Figure 1.10. Assembling Field Showers at Operating Location ................ 34 Figure 1.11. “Dirt Boy” Grading Road at Airfield in Afghanistan (2009) ................................................................................... 35 Figure 1.12. Preparing MEP-12 Generator at Forward Operating Location ............................................................................... 35 Figure 1.13. Digging Trench for Water Lines at Ali Base, Iraq (2008) .... 37 Figure 1.14. EOD Inventories Ordnance in Preparation for Disposal ....... 38 Figure 1.15. Raising Aircraft Sun Shade On Balad Air Base, Iraq (2008) ........................................................................... 40 Chapter 2—SAFETY .................................................................................. 41 2.1. General Safety Guidelines ...................................................... 41 2.2. Job Hazards ............................................................................. 42 2.3. Basic Safety Rules .................................................................. 42 Figure 2.1. Typical Arc Flash Warning Label ........................................... 42 Chapter 3—SITE LAYOUT ...................................................................... 43 3.1. Layout Plan ............................................................................. 43 Figure 3.1. Site Planning and Layout Is Vital ........................................... 43 AFH10-222 Volume 1, 23 January 2012 4 4 Figure 3.2. Conventional Site Layout ....................................................... 44 Table 3.1. Airfield Layout Facility/Group Dispersed Distances .............. 45 Figure 3.3. Notional Airfield w/Dispersed Aircraft Parking Layout ......... 46 3.2. Facility Placement and Spacing .............................................. 46 4 Figure 3.4. Notional 1,100-Person Facility Layout (Before Expansion) ... 47 Figure 3.5. Notional 3,300-Person Facility Layout (After Expansion) ..... 48 Chapter 4—BARE BASE AIRFIELDS .................................................... 51 4.1. General Information ................................................................ 51 4.2. Airfield Hazard Clearance ...................................................... 51 Table 4.1. Tasks Supporting EOD ........................................................... 52 Table 4.2. Minimum Evacuation Distances during UXO Clearing.......... 53 Figure 4.1. Suppressive Barricades Isolate Explosions ............................. 54 Figure 4.2. Protective Barricades Shields Resources ................................ 55 Figure 4.3. Removing Destroyed Iraqi Tank near Taxiway, Iraq (2008) ............................................................................. 57 4.3. Airfield Repairs and Restoration ............................................. 57 Table 4.3. MOS Layout Tasks ................................................................. 58 Figure 4.4. C-17 Lands on Semi-Prepared LZ .......................................... 59 Figure 4.5. Repairing Spall Damage at Deployed Location ...................... 61 Figure 4.6. Crater with Upheaval .............................................................. 61 Figure 4.7. EALS Supports Contingency Airfield Lighting Requirements ......................................................................... 62 Figure 4.8. Examples of Portable Area Lighting ....................................... 63 AFH10-222 Volume 1, 23 January 2012 5 5 Figure 4.9. F-22 Engaging MAAS ............................................................ 64 Figure 4.10. Firefighters Responding to Vehicle Fire, Iraq (2008) ........... 66 Figure 4.11. Typical Road Cross Section .................................................. 67 4.4. Revetment and Soil Berm Construction .................................. 67 Table 4.4. Construction Man-Hour Comparisons .................................... 68 Figure 4.12. Expedient Revetments at Deployed Locations ..................... 69 4.5. Raised Dikes ........................................................................... 69 Figure 4.13. Fuel Dikes Control Spills and Forms Protective Barrier....... 70 Figure 4.14. Fuel Dikes Around Jet Fuel Storage Bladders ...................... 71 Figure 4.15. Typical Berm Layout for a 10K Fuel Bladder ...................... 72 Figure 4.16. Typical Berm Layout for 50K and 210K Fuel Bladders ....... 73 Figure 4.17. Illustration of Fuel Dike with Secondary Dike ..................... 73 4.6. Ditches .................................................................................... 74 Figure 4.18. Creating Drainage Ditch to Reduce Road Erosion ............... 74 Chapter 5—BARE BASE FACILITIES ................................................... 75 5.1 Contingency Construction Standards in Theater ...................... 75 Figure 5.1. Contingency Construction Standards ...................................... 76 5.2. Facility Assets and Preparation Actions.................................. 77 Figure 5.2. Arrange
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter 18, Lesson 3 World War One Trench Warfare
    Name:______________________________________ Chapter 18, Lesson 3 World War One Trench Warfare Below are illustrations of a typical World War One trench system. Use the proceeding illustrations to answer the questions. Key 1. Were the artillery batteries (cannons, mortars, and large guns) located in front or behind the infantry soldiers in the trenches? Why might it be set up this way? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Based on the location of the listening posts, what was their purpose? _____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. The communication trenches connected the first support line trench to what three areas? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. What would be the reason for having wire breaks in the barbed wire entanglements? _____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. After answering questions 14 and 15, tell what two parts of the trench were used to minimize the devastation from explosions. ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. This allowed soldiers to see over the trench when shooting the enemy. ________________
    [Show full text]
  • Coastal Erosion
    Guidance for Flood Risk Analysis and Mapping Coastal Erosion February 2018 Requirements for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Risk Mapping, Assessment, and Planning (Risk MAP) Program are specified separately by statute, regulation, or FEMA policy (primarily the Standards for Flood Risk Analysis and Mapping). This document provides guidance to support the requirements and recommends approaches for effective and efficient implementation. Alternate approaches that comply with all requirements are acceptable. For more information, please visit the FEMA Guidelines and Standards for Flood Risk Analysis and Mapping webpage (www.fema.gov/guidelines-and-standards-flood-risk-analysis-and- mapping). Copies of the Standards for Flood Risk Analysis and Mapping policy, related guidance, technical references, and other information about the guidelines and standards development process are all available here. You can also search directly by document title at www.fema.gov/library. Coastal Erosion February 2018 Guidance Document 40 Page i Document History Affected Section or Date Description Subsection Sections 2.1.1.1 and February Replaced Figures 2.1.1-1, 2.1.1-2, and 2.1.1-3 to contain 2.1.1.2 2018 correct reference to water level above which Primary Frontal Dune reservoir volume is determined. Coastal Erosion February 2018 Guidance Document 40 Page ii Table of Contents 1.0 Overview ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Beach and Shoreline Settings ........................................................................................ 2 1.1.1 Sandy Beach Backed by High Sand Dune: ............................................................. 3 1.1.2 Sandy Beach Backed by Low Sand Dune Berm: .................................................... 4 1.1.3 Sandy Beach Backed by Shore Protection Structure: ............................................. 4 1.1.4 Mixed Grain Size Beach .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Design of Surface Mine Haulage Roads - a Manual by Walter W
    Information Circular 8758 Design of Surface Mine Haulage Roads - A Manual By Walter W. Kaufman and James C. Ault UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Cecil D. Andrus, Secretary BUREAU OF MINES WMC Resources Ltd have the expressed permission of the "National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health" to replicate and present this document in Full for use by its employee's. This document was kindly supplied by the: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pittsburgh Research Laboratory Library P.O. Box 18070 PITTSBURCH, PA 15236-0070 Page 1 of 49 CONTENTS ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................................................4 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................4 HAULAGE ROAD ALIGNMENT ..........................................................................................................................4 Stopping Distance--Grade and Brake Relationships .......................................................................................5 Sight Distance ............................................................................................................................................8 Vertical Alignment ......................................................................................................................................9 Maximum and Sustained Grades..............................................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • Infiltration Berm
    Stormwater Maintenance Fact Sheet PROTECTING AND ENHANCING THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT THROUGH COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS INFILTRATION BERMS Infiltration berms are mounds of stone covered with soil and vegetation placed along gentle slopes to slow the flow of water and encourage stormwater infiltration and absorption. In some cases, earth is excavated on the upslope side of the berm to create a pooling area to slow and store water as it filters through the berm. Infiltration berms are appropriate for residential, commercial, or open field/wooded applications, where there is less than a 10% slope in topography. As stormwater flows down the slope, it is slowed and pools as it filters through the berm. The main purpose of a Undesireable shape for a berm berm is to slow the velocity of the flow and reduce the energy of stormwater flows, thereby reducing erosion and flood risk. Desireable shape for a berm Source: CH2MHill presentation WHY IT’S IMPORTANT TO MAINTAIN YOUR INFILTRATION Who is responsible for this BERMS maintenance? An unmaintained infiltration berm may: As the property owner, you are • Stop filtering the rainwater and allow trash and pollutants to enter into responsible for all maintenance of nearby streams. your infiltration berm. • Block the flow of rainwater and cause local flooding. • Allow water to pool on the surface long enough to allow mosquitoes to breed (longer than 3 days). MAINTENANCE AND MONITORING Anne Arundel County Department of Public Works FREQUENCY* ACTIVITY* As needed • Remove litter and debris. • Mow grass. • Replace thinning or patchy vegetation. Semi-annually, or more • Ensure standing water does not persist longer than 48 hours.
    [Show full text]
  • PC-5 DIKES and BERMS Definition and Purpose a Permanent Dike Or
    Best Management Practices Manual PC-5 Dikes and Berms PC-5 DIKES AND BERMS Refer to: ITD Standard Specifications, Sections 205, 209, and 212. ITD Standard Drawings P-1-E and P-1-F. BMP Objectives Perimeter Control Slope Protection Borrow and Stockpiles Drainage Areas Sediment Trapping Stream Protection Temporary Stabilizing Permanent Stabilizing Definition and Purpose A permanent dike or berm is a ridge constructed of compacted soil, loose gravel, stone, or crushed rock that intercepts and prevents stormwater runoff from entering a sensitive area, and diverts or directs the water to a controlled or stabilized drainage outlet. Dikes or berms can be located or placed immediately along the top or bottom of cut or fill slopes, along the perimeter of an area, or adjacent to streams to prevent high stream flows from entering a site, or runoff from a site entering a stream or waterway. Appropriate Applications Directs water to slope drains, ditches, channels, sediment trap basins, retention ponds, or swales. Serves both as a temporary and later as a permanent erosion control that is left in place for the life of the project. Prevents runoff water from entering or overflowing slopes or intercepts and diverts overflow water after coming off a slope. Intercepts runoff from upland undisturbed areas and diverts to a sediment trap basin or slope drain. Intercepts runoff from a road or slope and directs the water to a slope drain or a sediment trap basin. Prevents off-site stormwater from entering the area when installed around the perimeter. Prevents high water from entering a project when installed next to live streams, ponds, or lakes.
    [Show full text]
  • Wetland Tip Sheet-2.Q
    Wetland Wetlands filter excess pesticides and nutrients. Many plants and animals find a home in wetlands. In your backyard you easily can turn it into a wetland What is a wetland? paradise. Even if you do not have a A mini-wetland in your yard can pro- naturally wet spot, you can establish A wetland is simply any area where vide many of the same benefits that an area in your yard to grow many of water covers the soil or keeps it natural wetlands offer. A mini-wet- the beautiful plants associated with saturated for at least two or three land can replace the important nat- wetlands. weeks during the growing season. ural functions of wetlands that may You will usually find them anywhere have been lost when your communi- ty was developed. A wetland in your backyard will temporarily store, filter, and clean runoff water from your roof and lawn. It will provide habitat for many interesting creatures--from butterflies and bees to salamanders, toads, frogs, and birds. Most wetland plants do not require standing water to grow successfully, and will survive even in an area that appears dry during most of the growing season. If you have a naturally occurring wet spot in your yard, or a low swale or drainageway with heavy clay soils, Even if you do not have a naturally wet spot, you can establish an area in your yard to grow many of the beautiful plants associated with wetlands. Backyard Conservation is a cooperative project of: USDA Natural Resources The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status.
    [Show full text]
  • Philadelphia Stormwater Manual V2.1 Philadelphia Stormwater Manual V2.1 This Pageintentionallyleftblank Simplified Approach Design Criteria Rooftop Systems
    7 Stormwater Management Practice Design Guidelines 7.1 Green Roofs 7.2 Rain Barrels and Cisterns 7.3 Filter Strips 7.4 Filters 7.5 Bioinfiltration / Bioretention 7.6 Detention Basins 7.7 Berms and Retentive Grading 7.8 Swales 7.9 Constructed Wetlands (see PA Stormwater BMP Manual) 7.10 Ponds & Wet Basins (see PA Stormwater BMP Manual) 7.11 Subsurface Vaults 7.12 Subsurface Infiltration 7.13 Porous Pavement 7.14 Pre-fabricated and Proprietary Designs (see PA Stormwater BMP Manual) 7.15 Inlet and Outlet Controls Philadelphia Stormwater Manual v2.1 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Philadelphia Stormwater Manual v2.1 Simplified Approach Design Criteria Rooftop Systems This section provides the following information about eco-roofs and roof gardens: S Typical cross section S Description S General specifications S Checklist of minimal information to be shown on the permit drawings S Construction inspection requirements and schedule S Link to landscaping requirements S Link to example landscaping plans S Link to operation and maintenance requirements S Link to photos 7.1 S Link to drawings 7.1 S Eco-roof Central City F.A.R. bonus guidelines Green roofs (vegetated roof/eco roof/roof garden) consist of a layer of vegetation that completely covers an otherwise conventional flat or pitched roof. The hydrologic response of a green roof bears closer resemblance to a lawn or meadow than impervious surface. The green roof system is composed of multiple layers including waterproofing, a drainage City of Portland, OR layer, engineered planting media, and specially selected plants. Vegetated roof covers can be optimized to achieve water quantity and quality benefits.
    [Show full text]
  • A Field Guide for Characterizing Habitats Using a Marine And
    i L....J '---' I I A Field Guide for Characterizing. Habitats uSIng A Marine and Estuarine Habitat Classification System for Washington State Allison Bailey, Kimiora Ward, Terrie :VJanning \Nashington Department of Natural Resources Division of Aquatic lands April 1993 The Department of ~atural Resources, Division of Aquatic Lands' 0Iearshore Habitat Inventory is the first survey to use Dethier's :\farine and Estuarine Habitat Classification Svstem for \Vashington State as a guide for characterizing intertidal habitats in the field. The Classification is an invaluable tool for inventorying Puget Sound and other marine and estuarine areas of the state because it provides a standard system for classifying a wide variety of intertidal and subtidal habitats. Ali definitions for habitat classification are from Dethier (1990) (see pages 7-13), and that document should be used as the primary reference for habitat classification. This report summarizes our experiences with the classification after two summers of field work 0991 and 1992). It contains elaborations on or refinements of the definitions given by Dethier in order to improve consistency in field use. This document is intended to assist field staff in arriving at consistent classifications on a site by site basis in the field. The Department of Natural Resources is doing a comprehensive mapping of Puget Sound using this classification, and the complexities of that approach are not addressed here. It should be noted that our experience from 1991 and 1992 is based on intertidal surveys, using a 15 meter diameter circle as the sample unit, so some testing of these guidelines on subtidal survevs and at different scales would be beneficial.
    [Show full text]
  • Rain Garden Design and Construction for Homeowners
    Rain Garden Design and Construction A Northern Virginia Homeowner’s Guide Rain Garden Design and Construction: A Northern Virginia Homeowner’s Guide Glossary: Drain Sleeve - A sleeve of loosely woven, elastic material that fits over a perforated drain pipe and prevents it from clogging Drip line - The area underneath the entire branch network of a tree which is approximately equal to the critical root zone Geotextile - A fabric that is stapled or otherwise attached to the ground to prevent the erosion of the underlying soil Grade - The slope of an object, expressed as vertical rise over horizontal run Impervious - Unable to let water pass through Infiltrate - To pass through Infiltration Rate - The speed by which water can pass through soil, generally measured in inches per hour Mulch - A covering placed on a ground surface to prevent erosion and weeds and to provide insulation and decomposable organic matter Pervious - Able to let water pass through Ponding Depth - The maximum depth of standing water above the soil surface in your rain garden Porous - Full of pores and easy to infiltrate Saturation - The point at which soil can hold no more moisture Soil compaction - The increase in soil density and decrease in soil porosity and infiltration rate that result when weight is applied to the soil surface Swale - A shallow ditch Water Table - The zone of soil and rock saturated with ground water 2 A rain garden adds form and function to an elementary school’s landscape. What is a Rain Garden? A rain garden is a functional landscaped area constructed to capture and hold stormwater so that it infil- trates into the soil rather than becoming surface runoff.
    [Show full text]
  • 7. Water Diversion Devices
    The use of brush, slash or wood chips mulch over grass seed may be used as long as it ensure that the site is permanently revegetated. Block the entrance of the closed road using metal structures, large boulders or large tree stumps. Figure 5. Proper Installation of a Silt Fence. 7. WATER DIVERSION DEVICES Earth Berm Water Bars Earth-berm water bars are narrow, earthen ridges built across roads or trails. They divert water off and away from roads or trails into vegetated areas before it causes erosion. When properly built, they prevent exposed soil from moving, protecting the area until grass vegetation is firmly established. Earth berm water bars are recommended when forest management operations have ceased and the road is closed to further traffic. • Earth Berm Water Bar Installation Guidelines. Where multiple water bars are required, properly space water bars according to Table 3. As shown in Figure 6, the water bar should be placed at an angle of 30 to 45 degrees, relative to the road, to allow for runoff to drain from the inlet, through the trench, and into the adjacent forest floor or vegetation. Dig a trench, 12 to 18 inches below the surface of the road or trail and extend it beyond both sides of the road or trail to prevent runoff from bypassing the water bar. The uphill end of the water bar should extend beyond the side ditch of the road and into an earthern berm to fully intercept any ditch flows. The outflow end of the water bar is to be fully open and extended far enough beyond the edge of the road or trail to safely disperse runoff water onto the undisturbed forest floor.
    [Show full text]
  • AE Reg 420-100 ● 15 Jun 20 If the Back Button of Your Browser Is Not Visible, Use ALT + Back Arrow to Return to Previous Location
    If the Back button of your browser is not visible, use ALT + Back Arrow to return to previous location. Headquarters Army in Europe United States Army Europe Wiesbaden, Germany Regulation 420-100 Headquarters United States Army Installation Management Command 15 June 2020 Europe Sembach, Germany Facilities Engineering Standards for Base Camps This publication supersedes AE Pamphlet 420-100, 21 April 2008. For the Commander: JARED S. SEMBRITZKI Brigadier General, GS Chief of Staff Official: SCOTT T. CHANCELLOR Chief, Army in Europe Document Management Summary. This regulation provides construction standards for contingency locations, forward operating sites, and cooperative security location basing in USAREUR contingency areas. Applicability. This regulation applies to commands, staffs, and personnel involved in planning, constructing, inspecting, operating, funding, and supporting base camps in the USEUCOM area of responsibility under generally permissive conditions. The initial construction standards established in this regulation will be used as a guide for planning the life-support requirements for USAREUR-led exercises. Exercise planners will use, to the extent possible, the minimum adequate standards. Exceptions to this must be approved by the USAREUR G3. Separate guidance will be provided for contingency basing, if required, for nonpermissive environments. Records Management. Records created as a result of processes prescribed by this regulation must be identified, maintained, and disposed of according to AR 25-400-2. Record titles and descriptions are on the Army Records Information Management System website at https://www.arims.army.mil. Supplementation. Organizations will not supplement this regulation without approval of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Engineer, USAREUR (USAREUR DCSENGR). Suggested Improvements. The proponent of this regulation is the USAREUR DCSENGR (mil 537-4590).
    [Show full text]
  • Gravel Roads Construction and Maintenance Guide Table of Contents Subject Page
    Errata ­ Replaces page 137 Reconstruction Using a Detour When the reconstruction and resulting berm are significant, the work space takes all or most of the road surface, leaving no room for traffic to negotiate past the work activities. An agency may need to reconstruct the unpaved roadway by correcting the drainage and/or adding surface materials. With this type of work, additional equipment may be used and a large amount of material may create a large berm (12 inches or more across). This will present significant hazards for the traveling public. To improve safety for mo­ torists and workers, a detour may be the best TTC. Not all road users will be familiar with the local road system and some may be confused by the road closure, so signing should be used to assist users negotiating the detour. Reconstruction work space. (Source: Greg Vavra, SDLTAP). Notes: 1. Not all local agencies use route makers for their system. MUTCD Section 6F.59 states “A Street Name sign should be placed above, or the street name should be incorporated into, a DETOUR (M4­9) sign to indicate the name of the street being detoured.” 2. With an increase in traffic at the intersections where the detour begins and ends, a review of the usage of the STOP and YIELD signs should be completed. 3. Flashing warning lights and/or flags may be used to call attention to advance warning signs. 4. Flashing warning lights may be used on the Type 3 Barricades, which should be installed at the point where the road is closed.
    [Show full text]