A Field Guide for Characterizing Habitats Using a Marine And
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Geomorphic Classification of Rivers
9.36 Geomorphic Classification of Rivers JM Buffington, U.S. Forest Service, Boise, ID, USA DR Montgomery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Published by Elsevier Inc. 9.36.1 Introduction 730 9.36.2 Purpose of Classification 730 9.36.3 Types of Channel Classification 731 9.36.3.1 Stream Order 731 9.36.3.2 Process Domains 732 9.36.3.3 Channel Pattern 732 9.36.3.4 Channel–Floodplain Interactions 735 9.36.3.5 Bed Material and Mobility 737 9.36.3.6 Channel Units 739 9.36.3.7 Hierarchical Classifications 739 9.36.3.8 Statistical Classifications 745 9.36.4 Use and Compatibility of Channel Classifications 745 9.36.5 The Rise and Fall of Classifications: Why Are Some Channel Classifications More Used Than Others? 747 9.36.6 Future Needs and Directions 753 9.36.6.1 Standardization and Sample Size 753 9.36.6.2 Remote Sensing 754 9.36.7 Conclusion 755 Acknowledgements 756 References 756 Appendix 762 9.36.1 Introduction 9.36.2 Purpose of Classification Over the last several decades, environmental legislation and a A basic tenet in geomorphology is that ‘form implies process.’As growing awareness of historical human disturbance to rivers such, numerous geomorphic classifications have been de- worldwide (Schumm, 1977; Collins et al., 2003; Surian and veloped for landscapes (Davis, 1899), hillslopes (Varnes, 1958), Rinaldi, 2003; Nilsson et al., 2005; Chin, 2006; Walter and and rivers (Section 9.36.3). The form–process paradigm is a Merritts, 2008) have fostered unprecedented collaboration potentially powerful tool for conducting quantitative geo- among scientists, land managers, and stakeholders to better morphic investigations. -
Chapter 18, Lesson 3 World War One Trench Warfare
Name:______________________________________ Chapter 18, Lesson 3 World War One Trench Warfare Below are illustrations of a typical World War One trench system. Use the proceeding illustrations to answer the questions. Key 1. Were the artillery batteries (cannons, mortars, and large guns) located in front or behind the infantry soldiers in the trenches? Why might it be set up this way? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Based on the location of the listening posts, what was their purpose? _____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. The communication trenches connected the first support line trench to what three areas? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. What would be the reason for having wire breaks in the barbed wire entanglements? _____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. After answering questions 14 and 15, tell what two parts of the trench were used to minimize the devastation from explosions. ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. This allowed soldiers to see over the trench when shooting the enemy. ________________ -
Morphologic Characteristics of the Blow River Delta, Yukon Territory, Canada
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1969 Morphologic Characteristics of the Blow River Delta, Yukon Territory, Canada. James Murl Mccloy Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Mccloy, James Murl, "Morphologic Characteristics of the Blow River Delta, Yukon Territory, Canada." (1969). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1605. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1605 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 70-252 McCLOY, James Murl, 1934- MORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BLOW RIVER DELTA, YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1969 Geography University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan Morphologic Characteristics of the Blow River Belta, Yukon Territory, Canada A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by James Murl McCloy B.A., State College at Los Angeles, 1961 May, 1969 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Research culminating in this dissertation was conducted under the auspices of the Arctic Institute of North America. The major portion of the financial support was received from the United States Army under contract no. BA-ARO-D-3I-I2I4.-G832, "Arctic Environmental Studies." Additional financial assistance during part of the writing stage was received in the form of a research assistantship from the Coastal Studies Institute, Louisi ana State University. -
Coastal Wetland Trends in the Narragansett Bay Estuary During the 20Th Century
u.s. Fish and Wildlife Service Co l\Ietland Trends In the Narragansett Bay Estuary During the 20th Century Coastal Wetland Trends in the Narragansett Bay Estuary During the 20th Century November 2004 A National Wetlands Inventory Cooperative Interagency Report Coastal Wetland Trends in the Narragansett Bay Estuary During the 20th Century Ralph W. Tiner1, Irene J. Huber2, Todd Nuerminger2, and Aimée L. Mandeville3 1U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory Program Northeast Region 300 Westgate Center Drive Hadley, MA 01035 2Natural Resources Assessment Group Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Massachusetts Stockbridge Hall Amherst, MA 01003 3Department of Natural Resources Science Environmental Data Center University of Rhode Island 1 Greenhouse Road, Room 105 Kingston, RI 02881 November 2004 National Wetlands Inventory Cooperative Interagency Report between U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, University of Rhode Island, and Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management This report should be cited as: Tiner, R.W., I.J. Huber, T. Nuerminger, and A.L. Mandeville. 2004. Coastal Wetland Trends in the Narragansett Bay Estuary During the 20th Century. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northeast Region, Hadley, MA. In cooperation with the University of Massachusetts-Amherst and the University of Rhode Island. National Wetlands Inventory Cooperative Interagency Report. 37 pp. plus appendices. Table of Contents Page Introduction 1 Study Area 1 Methods 5 Data Compilation 5 Geospatial Database Construction and GIS Analysis 8 Results 9 Baywide 1996 Status 9 Coastal Wetlands and Waters 9 500-foot Buffer Zone 9 Baywide Trends 1951/2 to 1996 15 Coastal Wetland Trends 15 500-foot Buffer Zone Around Coastal Wetlands 15 Trends for Pilot Study Areas 25 Conclusions 35 Acknowledgments 36 References 37 Appendices A. -
New York State Artificial Reef Plan and Generic Environmental Impact
TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................... vi 1. INTRODUCTION .......................1 2. MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT ..................4 2.1. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE. ..............4 2.2. LOCATION. .....................7 2.3. NATURAL RESOURCES. .................7 2.3.1 Physical Characteristics. ..........7 2.3.2 Living Resources. ............. 11 2.4. HUMAN RESOURCES. ................. 14 2.4.1 Fisheries. ................. 14 2.4.2 Archaeological Resources. ......... 17 2.4.3 Sand and Gravel Mining. .......... 18 2.4.4 Marine Disposal of Waste. ......... 18 2.4.5 Navigation. ................ 18 2.5. ARTIFICIAL REEF RESOURCES. ............ 20 3. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES .................. 26 3.1 GOALS ....................... 26 3.2 OBJECTIVES .................... 26 4. POLICY ......................... 28 4.1 PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION .............. 28 4.1.1 Permits. .................. 29 4.1.2 Materials Donations and Acquisitions. ... 31 4.1.3 Citizen Participation. ........... 33 4.1.4 Liability. ................. 35 4.1.5 Intra/Interagency Coordination. ...... 36 4.1.6 Program Costs and Funding. ......... 38 4.1.7 Research. ................. 40 4.2 DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES .............. 44 4.2.1 Siting. .................. 44 4.2.2 Materials. ................. 55 4.2.3 Design. .................. 63 4.3 MANAGEMENT .................... 70 4.3.1 Monitoring. ................ 70 4.3.2 Maintenance. ................ 72 4.3.3 Reefs in the Exclusive Economic Zone. ... 74 4.3.4 Special Management Concerns. ........ 76 4.3.41 Estuarine reefs. ........... 76 4.3.42 Mitigation. ............. 77 4.3.43 Fish aggregating devices. ...... 80 i 4.3.44 User group conflicts. ........ 82 4.3.45 Illegal and destructive practices. .. 85 4.4 PLAN REVIEW .................... 88 5. ACTIONS ........................ 89 5.1 ADMINISTRATION .................. 89 5.2 RESEARCH ..................... 89 5.3 DEVELOPMENT .................... 91 5.4 MANAGEMENT .................... 96 6. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ................. 97 6.1 ECOSYSTEM IMPACTS. -
Understanding the Temporal Dynamics of the Wandering Renous River, New Brunswick, Canada
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms EarthTemporal Surf. dynamicsProcess. Landforms of a wandering 30, 1227–1250 river (2005) 1227 Published online 23 June 2005 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/esp.1196 Understanding the temporal dynamics of the wandering Renous River, New Brunswick, Canada Leif M. Burge1* and Michel F. Lapointe2 1 Department of Geography and Program in Planning, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G3, Canada 2 Department of Geography McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2K6, Canada *Correspondence to: L. M. Burge, Abstract Department of Geography and Program in Planning, University Wandering rivers are composed of individual anabranches surrounding semi-permanent of Toronto, 100 St. George St., islands, linked by single channel reaches. Wandering rivers are important because they Toronto, M5S 3G3, Canada. provide habitat complexity for aquatic organisms, including salmonids. An anabranch cycle E-mail: [email protected] model was developed from previous literature and field observations to illustrate how anabranches within the wandering pattern change from single to multiple channels and vice versa over a number of decades. The model was used to investigate the temporal dynamics of a wandering river through historical case studies and channel characteristics from field data. The wandering Renous River, New Brunswick, was mapped from aerial photographs (1945, 1965, 1983 and 1999) to determine river pattern statistics and for historical analysis of case studies. Five case studies consisting of a stable single channel, newly formed anabranches, anabranches gaining stability following creation, stable anabranches, and an abandoning anabranch were investigated in detail. -
Appendix E Fish Habitat Utilization Literature Review
Appendix E Fish Habitat Utilization Literature Review East Kitsap Nearshore Assessment Appendix E Appendix E - Fish Habitat Utilization Literature Review Toft et al. (2007) City Shoreline Fish Distribution Study objective: study the abundance and behavior of juvenile salmon and other fishes among various marine shoreline habitat types near the city of Seattle. Focused on 5 types of shorelines - cobble beach - sand beach - riprap extending into the upper intertidal zone - deep riprap extending into the subtidal - edge of overwater structures Also examined stomach contents of juvenile salmon. Fish sampling methods included enclosure nets and snorkel surveys. Riprap often results in greater beach slopes and steep embankments which effectively reduces the intertidal zone. These characteristics in turn, result in habitat loss for juvenile flatfishes. At high intertidal habitats, more crab were encountered at cobble beaches compared to sand beaches and riprap. Demersal fishes (cottids) were found in greater numbers at riprap. Differences in species density between habitat type were more apparent for demersal fishes than for pelagic species. Densities of salmon were significantly different among habitat types. The highest densities occurred at the edge of overwater structures and in deep riprap. Deep riprap creates some structured habitat which seems to attract surfperches and gunnels. Threespine stickleback, tubesnout, and bay pipefish were also more prevalent at deep riprap than at cobble, sand, and high elevation riprap. Beamer et al. (2006) – Habitat and fish use of pocket estuaries in the Whidbey basin and north Skagit county bays, 2004 and 2005 Pocket estuaries are characterized as having more dilute marine water relative to the surrounding estuary. -
Coastal Erosion
Guidance for Flood Risk Analysis and Mapping Coastal Erosion February 2018 Requirements for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Risk Mapping, Assessment, and Planning (Risk MAP) Program are specified separately by statute, regulation, or FEMA policy (primarily the Standards for Flood Risk Analysis and Mapping). This document provides guidance to support the requirements and recommends approaches for effective and efficient implementation. Alternate approaches that comply with all requirements are acceptable. For more information, please visit the FEMA Guidelines and Standards for Flood Risk Analysis and Mapping webpage (www.fema.gov/guidelines-and-standards-flood-risk-analysis-and- mapping). Copies of the Standards for Flood Risk Analysis and Mapping policy, related guidance, technical references, and other information about the guidelines and standards development process are all available here. You can also search directly by document title at www.fema.gov/library. Coastal Erosion February 2018 Guidance Document 40 Page i Document History Affected Section or Date Description Subsection Sections 2.1.1.1 and February Replaced Figures 2.1.1-1, 2.1.1-2, and 2.1.1-3 to contain 2.1.1.2 2018 correct reference to water level above which Primary Frontal Dune reservoir volume is determined. Coastal Erosion February 2018 Guidance Document 40 Page ii Table of Contents 1.0 Overview ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Beach and Shoreline Settings ........................................................................................ 2 1.1.1 Sandy Beach Backed by High Sand Dune: ............................................................. 3 1.1.2 Sandy Beach Backed by Low Sand Dune Berm: .................................................... 4 1.1.3 Sandy Beach Backed by Shore Protection Structure: ............................................. 4 1.1.4 Mixed Grain Size Beach ......................................................................................... -
Design of Surface Mine Haulage Roads - a Manual by Walter W
Information Circular 8758 Design of Surface Mine Haulage Roads - A Manual By Walter W. Kaufman and James C. Ault UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Cecil D. Andrus, Secretary BUREAU OF MINES WMC Resources Ltd have the expressed permission of the "National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health" to replicate and present this document in Full for use by its employee's. This document was kindly supplied by the: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pittsburgh Research Laboratory Library P.O. Box 18070 PITTSBURCH, PA 15236-0070 Page 1 of 49 CONTENTS ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................................................4 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................4 HAULAGE ROAD ALIGNMENT ..........................................................................................................................4 Stopping Distance--Grade and Brake Relationships .......................................................................................5 Sight Distance ............................................................................................................................................8 Vertical Alignment ......................................................................................................................................9 Maximum and Sustained Grades..............................................................................................................9 -
Infiltration Berm
Stormwater Maintenance Fact Sheet PROTECTING AND ENHANCING THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT THROUGH COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS INFILTRATION BERMS Infiltration berms are mounds of stone covered with soil and vegetation placed along gentle slopes to slow the flow of water and encourage stormwater infiltration and absorption. In some cases, earth is excavated on the upslope side of the berm to create a pooling area to slow and store water as it filters through the berm. Infiltration berms are appropriate for residential, commercial, or open field/wooded applications, where there is less than a 10% slope in topography. As stormwater flows down the slope, it is slowed and pools as it filters through the berm. The main purpose of a Undesireable shape for a berm berm is to slow the velocity of the flow and reduce the energy of stormwater flows, thereby reducing erosion and flood risk. Desireable shape for a berm Source: CH2MHill presentation WHY IT’S IMPORTANT TO MAINTAIN YOUR INFILTRATION Who is responsible for this BERMS maintenance? An unmaintained infiltration berm may: As the property owner, you are • Stop filtering the rainwater and allow trash and pollutants to enter into responsible for all maintenance of nearby streams. your infiltration berm. • Block the flow of rainwater and cause local flooding. • Allow water to pool on the surface long enough to allow mosquitoes to breed (longer than 3 days). MAINTENANCE AND MONITORING Anne Arundel County Department of Public Works FREQUENCY* ACTIVITY* As needed • Remove litter and debris. • Mow grass. • Replace thinning or patchy vegetation. Semi-annually, or more • Ensure standing water does not persist longer than 48 hours. -
PC-5 DIKES and BERMS Definition and Purpose a Permanent Dike Or
Best Management Practices Manual PC-5 Dikes and Berms PC-5 DIKES AND BERMS Refer to: ITD Standard Specifications, Sections 205, 209, and 212. ITD Standard Drawings P-1-E and P-1-F. BMP Objectives Perimeter Control Slope Protection Borrow and Stockpiles Drainage Areas Sediment Trapping Stream Protection Temporary Stabilizing Permanent Stabilizing Definition and Purpose A permanent dike or berm is a ridge constructed of compacted soil, loose gravel, stone, or crushed rock that intercepts and prevents stormwater runoff from entering a sensitive area, and diverts or directs the water to a controlled or stabilized drainage outlet. Dikes or berms can be located or placed immediately along the top or bottom of cut or fill slopes, along the perimeter of an area, or adjacent to streams to prevent high stream flows from entering a site, or runoff from a site entering a stream or waterway. Appropriate Applications Directs water to slope drains, ditches, channels, sediment trap basins, retention ponds, or swales. Serves both as a temporary and later as a permanent erosion control that is left in place for the life of the project. Prevents runoff water from entering or overflowing slopes or intercepts and diverts overflow water after coming off a slope. Intercepts runoff from upland undisturbed areas and diverts to a sediment trap basin or slope drain. Intercepts runoff from a road or slope and directs the water to a slope drain or a sediment trap basin. Prevents off-site stormwater from entering the area when installed around the perimeter. Prevents high water from entering a project when installed next to live streams, ponds, or lakes. -
Wetland Tip Sheet-2.Q
Wetland Wetlands filter excess pesticides and nutrients. Many plants and animals find a home in wetlands. In your backyard you easily can turn it into a wetland What is a wetland? paradise. Even if you do not have a A mini-wetland in your yard can pro- naturally wet spot, you can establish A wetland is simply any area where vide many of the same benefits that an area in your yard to grow many of water covers the soil or keeps it natural wetlands offer. A mini-wet- the beautiful plants associated with saturated for at least two or three land can replace the important nat- wetlands. weeks during the growing season. ural functions of wetlands that may You will usually find them anywhere have been lost when your communi- ty was developed. A wetland in your backyard will temporarily store, filter, and clean runoff water from your roof and lawn. It will provide habitat for many interesting creatures--from butterflies and bees to salamanders, toads, frogs, and birds. Most wetland plants do not require standing water to grow successfully, and will survive even in an area that appears dry during most of the growing season. If you have a naturally occurring wet spot in your yard, or a low swale or drainageway with heavy clay soils, Even if you do not have a naturally wet spot, you can establish an area in your yard to grow many of the beautiful plants associated with wetlands. Backyard Conservation is a cooperative project of: USDA Natural Resources The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status.