Aussie Apples Guidelines, Specifications and Product Description Language CONTENTS

Aussie Apples Guidelines, specifications and product description language CONTENTS

Aussie Apples Brand Quality Guidelines 2 Aussie Apples Label Specifications 3

Written Specifications BONZA 5 BRAEBURN 7 CAMEO 9 FUJI 11 GINGER GOLD 13 GOLDEN DELICIOUS 15 GRANNY SMITH 17 GRAVENSTEIN 19 JONAGOLD 21 JONATHAN 23 PINK LADY 25 RED DELICIOUS 27 ROYAL GALA 29 SUNDOWNER 31

Product Description Language - Apples 33 How to use this Language 34 Procedures for using the System 37 Market Specifications Form - Apples 39 Packing Analysis Sheet - Apples 40 Bruising 42

Apple Images FUJI 43 GRANNY SMITH 50 GOLDEN DELICIOUS 57 JONATHAN 65 LADY WILLIAM 72 PINK LADY 79 RED DELICIOUS 86 ROYAL GALA 94 REFERENCE GUIDE

AUSSIE APPLES BRAND QUALITY GUIDELINES AUSSIE APPLE LABEL SPECIFICATIONS

Background The following speciﬁcations recognise a base industry expectation and level of labelling. Under the threat of imports in 2011, the Aussie Apples brand was developed and rolled out across the country to clearly provide consumers with country of origin labelling and to engender loyalty toward Australian grown apples. The program had strong industry Standard Size and consumer support and Aussie Apples stickers are used by the majority of Australian growers and pack houses today.

It is now time to ensure that the Aussie Apples brand is also a marker for quality. By only 22 x 17mm labelling fruit that meets Industry quality guidelines, consumers can be confident that the TABLIFTTM apple they buy will offer a great eating experience.

While these guidelines will ensure high quality fruit the consumers are seeking, some retailers may have higher specifications which must be adhered to. Together, the Aussie Apples quality guidelines and retailer-specific guidelines will ensure ongoing consumer Aussie Apples Generic label confidence and loyalty towards Australian produce.

Outline

These guidelines have been prepared from a compilation of exisiting retailer specifications. They are not intended to replace individual retailer specifications, but to underpin the Aussie Apples brand.

The guidelines provided are minimum specifications for Australian grown apples utilising the Aussie Apples sticker for retail fresh consumption.

These are minimum specifications to ensure consistent quality and consumer confidence.

The specifications are to be read in conjunction with the Industry Product Description Language.

The Aussie Apples quality guidelines need to become ingrained in the Australian apple industry to continue to build consumer trust in the Aussie Apples brand and provide a platform of defence against imported fruit and other produce choices.

Taste and crunch are critical in ensuring repeat purchase of Australian apples. Whilst appearance is important, brix and pressure standards must be adhered to ensure the best eating experience for every consumer, every crunch, every time.

2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

AUSSIE APPLES BRAND QUALITY GUIDELINES AUSSIE APPLE LABEL SPECIFICATIONS

Outline

The guidelines provided are minimum specifications for Australian grown apples utilising the Aussie Apples sticker for retail fresh consumption.

These are minimum specifications to ensure consistent quality and consumer confidence.

The specifications are to be read in conjunction with the Industry Product Description Language.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 3 REFERENCE GUIDE

Aussie Apples Generic Label A selection of what is currently available: BONZA

Colour Green/cream background with 65% red blush

Appearance Waxed

Aussie Apples Pink Lady Generic Label Eating Quality Crisp, sweet, mild, juicy flavour A selection of what is currently available: Maturity No dull or greasy skin

Brix Firmness minimum 5.6 kg (11 mm probe)

Firmness Minimum Brix 12.6

Cobranded Label Size STANDARD Large (12kg): Count 60, 65 STANDARD Medium (12kg): Count 75/76, 70, 82/83 Cobranded labels must be approved by Horticulture Innovation Australia Limited prior BIN LINES: Count 50, 54, 60, 65/66, 70, 75/76, 83/82, 90 to use. A selection of what is currently available: No more than one count per bin. If the product presents poorly and is not uniform in size the weight reference table should be used. Weight Reference Table Count Min Max 90 130 145 84 133 152 83 139 155 82 139 156 75 152 175 76 152 167 70 165 181 65 180 196 66 177 196 Regional Labels 60 190 224 A selection of what is currently available: 53 218 250 54 218 250

Shape Round to squat

4 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

Aussie Apples Generic Label A selection of what is currently available: BONZA

Colour Green/cream background with 65% red blush

Appearance Waxed

Aussie Apples Pink Lady Generic Label Eating Quality Crisp, sweet, mild, juicy flavour A selection of what is currently available: Maturity No dull or greasy skin

Brix Firmness minimum 5.6 kg (11 mm probe)

Firmness Minimum Brix 12.6

Shape Round to squat

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 5 REFERENCE GUIDE

BONZA BRAEBURN

Defects Defects Minor Colour Green/yellow background with red stripe equal to or greater than 50% Minor defects are those that do not affect the shelf life of the product including: • Russet if exhibited on the body of the fruit and is greater than 0.5cm2 but Appearance Bright less than a 5c coin • Stalk cavity russet if it exceeds the shoulder of the fruit • Skin marks if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than a 5c coin Eating Quality Crisp, sweet, mild, juicy flavour • Superficial bruising which is discoloured at the surface and superficial in depth and is greater than a 5c coin and less than a 10c coin Maturity No dull or greasy skin • Sunburn which is superficial in depth and discoloured at the surface i.e. yellow/brown • Healed hail if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than a 5c coin may be accumulative Brix Minimum Brix 14 • Thrip damage if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than a 5c coin may be accumulative Firmness Firmness minimum 6.5 kg (11 mm probe) Defects Major Major defects are those that affect the shelf life and retail performance of the product and include storage disorders and defects including: Size STANDARD Large (12kg): Count 54, 60, 65 • Failing pressure/firmness, brix levels or any maturity requirement. STANDARD Medium (12kg): Count 75/76, 70 • Bruising, which is discoloured at the surface and protrudes into the flesh or BIN LINES: Count 50, 54, 60, 65/66, 70, 75/76, 83/82, 90 bruising that is superficial (as previously defined) but greater than a 10c coin. • Skin marking greater than a 5c coin No more than one count per bin. • Unhealed hail damage or healed damage which is greater than a 5c coin If the product presents poorly and is not uniform in size the weight reference • Stems punctures which are unhealed or are healed and protrude deep into table should be used. the flesh Weight Reference Table • All rots and moulds Count Min Max • All cuts and splits 90 130 145 • Water core is acceptable 84 133 152 • Pest and insect damage 83 139 155 • Bitter pit 82 139 156 • Scald 75 152 175 • Greasy in texture 76 152 167 70 165 181 Presentation A minimum of 85% fruit stickered with the Aussie Apple sticker with correct PLU 65 180 196 66 177 196 60 190 224 Treatment Washed and polished 53 218 250 Waxed 54 218 250

Pulp Temperature 1 - 10°C Standard Shape Conical 1 - 10°C Early season

6 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

BONZA BRAEBURN

Pulp Temperature 1 - 10°C Standard Shape Conical 1 - 10°C Early season

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 7 REFERENCE GUIDE

BRAEBURN CAMEO

Defects Defects Minor Colour Red fruit stripy background allowed >65% red, green/cream background Minor defects are those that do not affect the shelf life of the product, including: • Russet if exhibited on the body of the fruit and is greater than 0.5cm2 but Appearance Bright less than a 5c coin • Stalk cavity russet if it exceeds the shoulder of the fruit • Skin marks if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than a 5c coin Eating Quality Sweet, mild with little acid. Juicy and crisp with tender flesh • Superficial bruising which is discoloured at the surface and superficial in depth and is greater than a 5c coin and less than a 10c coin Maturity Crisp firm flesh, no greasy or wrinkly skin • Sunburn which is superficial in depth and discoloured at the surface i.e. yellow/brown • Healed hail if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than a 5c coin may be accumulative Brix Minimum Brix 12 • Thrip damage if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than a 5c coin may be accumulative Firmness Minimum firmness 6.5 kg (11 mm probe) Defects Major Major defects are those that affect the shelf life and retail performance of the product and include storage disorders and defects including: Size STANDARD (12kg): 82/83, 75/76, 70, 60/65,60, 54 • Failing pressure/firmness, brix levels or any maturity requirement COMBAT (12kg): 90, 50 • Bruising, which is discoloured at the surface and protrudes into the flesh or If the product presents poorly and is not uniform in size, the weight reference bruising that is superficial (as previously defined) but greater than a 10c coin table should be used. • Skin marking greater than a 5c coin • Unhealed hail damage or healed damage which is greater than a 5c coin Weight Reference Table • Stems punctures which are unhealed or are healed and protrude deep into Count Min Max the flesh 90 130 145 • All rots and moulds 82 139 156 • All cuts and splits 83 139 155 • Water core is acceptable 75 152 175 • Pest and insect damage 76 152 167 • Bitter pit 70 165 181 • Scald 65 180 196 • Greasy in texture 66 177 195 60 190 224 53 218 240 Presentation A minimum of 85% fruit stickered with the Aussie Apple sticker with correct PLU 54 218 240

Treatment Washed and polished Shape Round to round conical Waxed

Pulp Temperature 1 - 10°C Standard 1 - 10°C Early season

8 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

BRAEBURN CAMEO

Treatment Washed and polished Shape Round to round conical Waxed

Pulp Temperature 1 - 10°C Standard 1 - 10°C Early season

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 9 REFERENCE GUIDE

CAMEO CRIMSON SNOW

Defects Defects Minor Colour A green cream fruit with a minimum of 75% pink/crimson blush Minor defects are those that do not affect the shelf life of the product including: • Failing colour requirements Eating Quality Soft flesh with an aromatic, distinctive flavour • Russet if exhibited on the body of the fruit and is greater than 0.5cm2 but less than a 5c coin • Stalk cavity russet if it exceeds the shoulder of the fruit Brix Minimum Brix 14 • Skin marks if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than a 5c coin • Superficial bruising which is discoloured at the surface and superficial in depth Firmness Minimum Firmness 6.5 kg (11 mm probe) and is greater than a 5c coin and less than a 10c coin • Sunburn which is superficial in depth and discoloured at the surface i.e. yellow/brown Size PREMIUM TRAY (6kg): Count 25/28, 30, 32/33. • Healed hail if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than a 5c coin may be accumulative Premium orders should not contain more than two counts per pallet. • Thrip damage if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than a 5c coin may be accumulative STANDARD LARgE (12kg): Count 54, 60, 65/66 STANDARD MEDIUM (12kg): Count 82/83, 75/76, 70 Defects Major Major defects are those that affect the shelf life and saleability of the product and COMBAT (12kg ): Count 90. include storage disorders and defects including: BIN LINES: Count 50, 54, 60, 65/66, 70, 75/76, 83/82, 90 • Failing pressure/firmness, brix levels or any maturity requirement No more than one count per bin. • Bruising, which is discoloured at the surface and protrudes into the flesh or Primary Size check: Count reference. bruising that is superficial (as previously defined) but greater than a 10c coin Primary Weight check: Box net weight. • Skin marking greater than a 5c coin If the product presents poorly and is not uniform in size the weight reference • Unhealed hail damage or healed damage which is greater than a 5c coin table should be used. • Stem punctures which are unhealed or are healed and protrude deep into the flesh Weight Reference Table • All rots and moulds Count Min Max • All cuts and splits 90 130 145 • Pest and insect damage 84 133 152 • Bitter pit 83 139 155 • Scald 82 139 156 • Greasy in texture 75 152 175 76 152 167 70 165 181 A minimum of 85% fruit stickered with the Aussie Apple sticker with correct PLU Presentation 65 180 196 66 177 196 Treatment Washed and polished 60 190 224 Waxed 53 218 250 54 218 250 A tolerance of +/ 3 grams will apply to 10% of the box for any of the previously Pulp Temperature 1 - 10°C Standard mentioned weights 1 - 10°C Early season *Premium sizing legend* Count 50 (12kg) = 25 (6kg) Count 54/53 (12kg) = 27 (6kg) Count 60 (12kg) = 30 (6kg) Count 65/66 (12kg) = 33/32 (6kg)*

Shape Round

10 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

EVE FUJI

Defects Defects Minor Colour PREMIUM TRAY (6kg)- STANDARD (12kg) Minor defects are those that do not affect the shelf life of the product, including: green background with > 60% mild pink/maroon/red blush • Russet if exhibited on the body of the fruit and if less than a 5c coin • Stalk cavity russet if it exceeds the shoulder of the fruit COMBAT(12kg ) • Skin marks if less than a 5c coin green background with > 50% mild pink/maroon/red blush • Superficial bruising that is discoloured at the surface and superficial in depth and is greater than a 5c coin and less than a 10c coin Appearance Speckled body russet is acceptable • Sunburn which is superficial in depth and discoloured at the surface i.e. yellow/brown • Healed hail if less than a 5c coin Eating Quality Sweet honey like flavour, crisp texture • Thrip damage if less than a 5c coin Maturity Bright, no dull or greasy skin Defects Major Major defects are those that affect the shelf life and retail performance of the product and include storage disorders and defects including: Brix Minimum Brix 13 • Failing pressure/firmness, brix levels or any maturity requirement • Bruising, which is discoloured at the surface and protrudes into the flesh or Firmness Minimum firmness 5.6kg at 11mm probe bruising that is superficial (as previously defined) but greater than a 10c coin • Skin marking greater than a 5c coin • Unhealed hail damage or healed damage which is greater than a 5c coin Size PREMIUM TRAY(6kg): Count 25/28, 30, 32/33. • Stems punctures which are unhealed or are healed and protrude deep into Premium orders should not contain more than two counts per pallet. the flesh LARgE (12kg): Count 65/66, 60 • All rots and moulds MEDIUM (12kg): Count 82/83, 75/76, 70 • All cuts and splits Count size to be printed on carton/crate label. • Pest and insect damage • Bitter pit BIN LINES: Count 50, 54, 60, 65/66, 70, 75/76, 83/82, 90 • Scald No more than one count per bin. • Product which is greasy in texture Primary Size check: Count reference. Primary Weight check: Box net weight. Presentation A minimum of 85% fruit stickered with the Aussie Apple sticker with correct PLU If the product presents poorly and is not uniform in size the weight reference table should be used. Treatment Washed and polished Weight Reference Table Waxed Count Min Max 90 130 145 84 133 152 1 - 10°C Standard Pulp Temperature 83 139 155 1 - 10°C Early season 82 139 156 75 152 175 76 152 167 70 165 181 65 180 196 66 177 196 60 190 224 53 218 250 54 218 250 A tolerance of +/ - 3 grams will apply to 10% of the box for any of the previously mentioned weights *Premium sizing legend* Count 50 (12kg) = 25 (6kg) Count 54/53 (12kg) = 27 (6kg) Count 60 (12kg) = 30 (6kg) Count 65/66 (12kg) = 33/32 (6kg)*

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 11 REFERENCE GUIDE

FUJI GINGER GOLD

Shape Conical/squat Colour A green - yellow golden skin. Up to 20% pink blush is acceptable.

Defects PREMIUM TRAY 6kg: Appearance Bright Minor defects: must not exceed three pieces of fruit Major defects: nil Eating Quality Sweet, juicy, crisp, mild flavour STANDARD (12kg) COMBAT (12kg) Minor defects: must not exceed 7 pieces of fruit Maturity Crisp flesh. No dull or greasy skin. Major defects: must not exceed 2 pieces of fruit Brix Minimum Brix 11.0 BIN LINES: Minor defects: Must not exceed 10% Major defects: Must not exceed 2% Firmness Minimum 5.5 kg (11 mm plunger)

Defects Minor Size STANDARD LARgE (12kg): Count 65/66, 60 Minor defects are those that do not affect the shelf life of the product, including: • Russet if exhibited on the body of the fruit and is greater than 0.5cm2 but STANDARD MEDIUM (12kg): Count 90, 82/83, 75/76, 70 less than 5c coin If the product presents poorly and is not uniform in size the weight reference • Stalk cavity russet if it exceeds the shoulder of the fruit table should be used. 2 • Skin marks if greater than 0.5cm but less than 5c coin Weight Reference Table • Superficial bruising which is discoloured at the surface and superficial in depth Count Min Max and is greater than 5c coin and less than 10c coin 90 130 145 • Sunburn which is superficial in depth and discoloured at the surface i.e. 84 133 152 yellow/brown 83 139 155 • Healed hail if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than 5c coin, may be accumulative 82 139 156 • Thrip damage if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than 5c coin, may be accumulative 75 152 175 76 152 167 Defects Major 70 165 181 Major defects are those that affect the shelf life and retail performance of the 65 180 196 product of the product and include storage disorders and defects, including: 66 177 196 • Failing pressure/firmness, brix levels or any maturity requirement 60 190 224 • Bruising, which is discoloured at the surface and protrudes into the flesh or 53 218 250 bruising that is superficial (as previously defined) but greater than 10c coin 54 218 250 • Skin marking greater than 5c coin A tolerance of +/ 3 grams will apply to 10% of the box for any of the previously • Unhealed hail damage or healed damage which is greater than 5c coin mentioned weights • Stems punctures which are unhealed or are healed and protrude deep into *Premium sizing legend* the flesh • All rots and moulds Count 50 (12kg) = 25 (6kg) • All cuts and splits Count 54/53 (12kg) = 27 (6kg) • Water core is acceptable Count 60 (12kg) = 30 (6kg) • Pest and insect damage Count 65/66 (12kg) = 33/32 (6kg)* • Bitter pit • Scald • Greasy in texture Shape Conical to round

Presentation A minimum of 85% fruit stickered with the Aussie Apple sticker with correct PLU

Treatment Washed and polished Waxed

Pulp Temperature 1 - 12°C Standard 1 - 12°C Early season

12 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

FUJI GINGER GOLD

Shape Conical/squat Colour A green - yellow golden skin. Up to 20% pink blush is acceptable.

Presentation A minimum of 85% fruit stickered with the Aussie Apple sticker with correct PLU

Treatment Washed and polished Waxed

Pulp Temperature 1 - 12°C Standard 1 - 12°C Early season

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 13 REFERENCE GUIDE

GINGER GOLD GOLDEN DELICIOUS

Defects Defects Minor Colour A green - yellow golden skin Minor defects are those that do not affect the shelf life of the product, including: Up to 20% pink blush is acceptable • Failing colour requirements 2 • Russet if exhibited on the body of the fruit and is greater than 0.5cm but Appearance Bright less than 1cm2 • Stalk cavity russet if it exceeds the shoulder of the fruit • Skin marks if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than 1cm2 Eating Quality Sweet, juicy, crisp, mild flavour • Superficialbruising which is discoloured at the surface and superficial in depth 2 2 and is greater than 1cm and less than 2cm (WA only: 10 pieces per tray Maturity Crisp flesh. No dull or greasy skin maximum superficial bruising) • Sunburn which is superficial in depth and discoloured at the surface i.e. yellow/brown Brix Minimum Brix 12.5 • Healed hail if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than 1cm2 may be accumulative 2 2 • Thrip damage if greater than .5cm but less than 1cm may be accumulative Firmness Minimum firmness 5.5kg at 11mm probe

Defects Major Major defects are those that affect the shelf life and retail performance of the Size PREMIUM TRAY (6kg): Count 25/28, 30, 32/33. product of the product and include storage disorders and defects, including: Premium orders should not contain more than two counts per pallet. • Failing pressure/firmness, brix levels or any maturity requirement STANDARD LARgE (12kg): Count 65/66, 60 • Bruising, which is discoloured at the surface and protrudes into the flesh or STANDARD MEDIUM (12kg): Count 82/83, 75/76, 70Count size to be printed 2 bruising that is superficial (as previously defined) but greater than 2cm on carton/crate label. • Skin marking greater than 1cm2 Primary Size check: Count reference. • Unhealed hail damage or healed damage which is greater than 1cm2 • Stems punctures which are unhealed or are healed and protrude deep into Primary Weight check: Box net weight. the flesh If the product presents poorly and is not uniform in size the weight reference • All rots and moulds table should be used. • All cuts and splits Weight Reference Table • Pest and insect damage Count Min Max • Bitter pit 90 130 145 • Scald 84 133 152 • Greasy in texture 83 139 155 82 139 156 Presentation A minimum of 85% fruit stickered with the Aussie Apple sticker with correct PLU 75 152 175 76 152 167 70 165 181 Treatment Washed and polished 65 180 196 Waxed 66 177 196 60 190 224 Pulp Temperature 1 - 10°C Standard 53 218 250 54 218 250 1 - 10°C Early season A tolerance of +/ 3 grams will apply to 10% of the box for any of the previously mentioned weights *Premium sizing legend* Count 50 (12kg) = 25 (6kg) Count 54/53 (12kg) = 27 (6kg) Count 60 (12kg) = 30 (6kg) Count 65/66 (12kg) = 33/32 (6kg)*

Shape Conical to round

14 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

GINGER GOLD GOLDEN DELICIOUS

Defects Defects Minor Colour A green - yellow golden skin Minor defects are those that do not affect the shelf life of the product, including: Up to 20% pink blush is acceptable • Failing colour requirements 2 • Russet if exhibited on the body of the fruit and is greater than 0.5cm but Appearance Bright less than 1cm2 • Stalk cavity russet if it exceeds the shoulder of the fruit • Skin marks if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than 1cm2 Eating Quality Sweet, juicy, crisp, mild flavour • Superficial bruising which is discoloured at the surface and superficial in depth 2 2 and is greater than 1cm and less than 2cm (WA only: 10 pieces per tray Maturity Crisp flesh. No dull or greasy skin maximum superficial bruising) • Sunburn which is superficial in depth and discoloured at the surface i.e. yellow/brown Brix Minimum Brix 12.5 • Healed hail if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than 1cm2 may be accumulative 2 2 • Thrip damage if greater than .5cm but less than 1cm may be accumulative Firmness Minimum firmness 5.5kg at 11mm probe

Shape Conical to round

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 15 REFERENCE GUIDE

GOLDEN DELICIOUS GRANNY SMITH

Defects PREMIUM TRAY 6kg: Colour Green skin Minor defects: must not exceed five pieces of fruit Product may exhibit a pink blush Major defects: nil Appearance Bright STANDARD (12kg) COMBAT (12kg) Minor defects: must not exceed 7 pieces of fruit Major defects: must not exceed 2 pieces of fruit Eating Quality Tart apple, crisp texture

Defects Minor Brix Minimum Brix 11 Minor defects are those that do not affect the shelf life of the product, including: • Failing colour requirements • Russet if exhibited on the body of the fruit and is greater than .5cm2 but less Firmness Minimum firmness at 6.5kg at 11mm probe than 5c coin • Stalk cavity russet if it exceeds the shoulder of the fruit PREMIUM TRAY(6kg): Count 25/28, 30, 32/33. 2 Size • Skin marks if greater than .5cm but less than 5c coin Premium orders should not contain more than two counts per pallet. • Superficial bruising which is discoloured at the surface and superficial in depth LARgE (12kg): Count 65/66, 60, and is greater than 5c coin and less than 10c coin • Sunburn which is superficial in depth and discoloured at the surface i.e. MEDIUM (12kg): Count 75/76, 70, 82/83 yellow/brown Count size to be printed on carton/crate label. 2 • Healed hail if greater than .5cm but less than 5c coin, may be accumulative BIN LINES: Count 50, 54, 60, 65/66, 70, 75/76, 83/82, 90 • Thrip damage if greater than .5cm2 but less than 5c coin, may be accumulative No more than one count per bin.

Defects Major Primary Size check: Count reference. Major defects are those that affect the shelf life and retail performance of the Primary Weight check: Box net weight. product of the product and include storage disorders and defects, including: If the product presents poorly and is not uniform in size the weight reference • Failing pressure/firmness, brix levels or any maturity requirement table should be used. • Bruising, which is discoloured at the surface and protrudes into the flesh or Weight Reference Table bruising that is superficial (as previously defined) but greater than 10c coin Count Min Max • Skin marking greater than 5c coin 90 130 145 • Unhealed hail damage or healed damage which is greater than 5c coin 83 139 155 • Stems punctures which are unhealed or are healed and protrude deep into 82 139 156 the flesh 75 152 175 • All rots and moulds 76 152 167 • All cuts and splits 70 165 181 • Pest and insect damage 65 180 196 • Bitter pit 66 177 196 • Scald 60 190 224 • Greasy in texture 53 218 250 54 218 250 Presentation A minimum of 85% fruit stickered with the Aussie Apple sticker with correct PLU A tolerance of +/ 3 grams will apply to 10% of the box to any of the previously mentioned weights Treatment Washed and polished *Premium sizing legend* Waxed Count 50 (12kg) = 25 (6kg) Count 54/53 (12kg) = 27 (6kg) Pulp Temperature 1 - 12°C Standard Count 60 (12kg) = 30 (6kg) 1 - 12°C Early season Count 65/66 (12kg) = 33/32 (6kg)*

Shape Conical to round

16 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

GOLDEN DELICIOUS GRANNY SMITH

Shape Conical to round

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 17 REFERENCE GUIDE

GRANNY SMITH GRAVENSTEIN

Defects PREMIUM TRAY 6kg: Colour Red strips/block on green background Minor defects: must not exceed three pieces of fruit Major defects: nil Appearance Bright STANDARD (12kg) Minor defects: must not exceed 7 pieces of fruit Eating Quality Sweet/sharp Major defects: must not exceed 2 pieces of fruit Maturity Crisp flesh. No dull or greasy skin BIN LINES: Count 50, 54, 60, 65/66, 70, 75/76, 83/82, 90 No more than one count per bin. Brix Minimum Brix 12.5 Defects Minor Minor defects are those that do not affect the shelf life of the product, including: Firmness Firmness minimum 5.5 kg (11 mm plunger) • Russet if exhibited on the body of the fruit and if less than 5c coin • Stalk cavity russet if it exceeds the shoulder of the fruit • Skin marks if less than 5c coin Size PREMIUM TRAY (6kg): Count 25/28, 30, 32/33. • Superficial bruising that is discoloured at the surface and superficial in depth Premium orders should not contain more than two counts per pallet. and is greater than 5c coin and less than 10c coin STANDARD LARgE (12kg): Count 65/66, 60 • Sunburn which is superficial in depth and discoloured at the surface i.e. yellow/brown STANDARD MEDIUM (12kg): Count 90, 82/83, 75/76, 70 • Healed hail if less than 5c coin If the product presents poorly and is not uniform in size the weight reference • Thrip damage if less than 5c coin table should be used. Weight Reference Table Defects Major Count Min Max Major defects are those that affect the shelf life and retail performance of the 90 130 145 product of the product and include storage disorders and defects, including: 84 133 152 • Failing pressure/firmness, brix levels or any maturity requirement 83 139 155 • Bruising, which is discoloured at the surface and protrudes into the flesh or 82 139 156 bruising that is superficial (as previously defined) but greater than 10c coin. 75 152 175 • Skin marking greater than 5c coin 76 152 167 • Unhealed hail damage or healed damage which is greater than 5c coin 70 165 181 • Stems punctures which are unhealed or are healed and protrude deep into 65 180 196 the flesh 66 177 196 • All rots and moulds 60 190 224 • All cuts and splits 53 218 250 • Pest and insect damage 54 218 250 • Bitter pit • Scald Conical to round • Product which is greasy in texture Shape

Presentation A minimum of 85% fruit stickered with the Aussie Apple sticker with correct PLU

Treatment Washed and polished Waxed

Pulp Temperature 1 - 12°C Standard

18 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

GRANNY SMITH GRAVENSTEIN

Presentation A minimum of 85% fruit stickered with the Aussie Apple sticker with correct PLU

Treatment Washed and polished Waxed

Pulp Temperature 1 - 12°C Standard

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 19 REFERENCE GUIDE

GRAVENSTEIN GREENSTAR

Defects Defects Minor Colour Green Minor defects are those that do not affect the shelf life of the product, including: • Failing colour requirements Eating Quality Tart, sweet, crisp • Russet if exhibited on the body of the fruit and is greater than 0 .5cm2 but less than a 5c coin • Stalk cavity russet if it exceeds the shoulder of the fruit Brix Minimum Brix 14 • Skin marks if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than a 5c coin • Superficial bruising which is discoloured at the surface and superficial in depth Firmness Firmness minimum 7.5 kg (11 mm plunger) and is greater than a 5c coin and less than a 10c coin • Sunburn which is superficial in depth and discoloured at the surface i.e. yellow/brown Size STANDARD LARgE (12kg): Count 50, 54, 60 • Healed hail if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than a 5c coin may be accumulative STANDARD MEDIUM (12kg): Count 65, 70, 76 • Thrip damage if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than a 5c coin may be accumulative If the product presents poorly and is not uniform in size the weight reference table should be used. Defects Major Major defects are those that affect the shelf life and retail performance of the Weight Reference Table product and include storage disorders and defects, including: Count Min Max • Failing pressure/firmness, brix levels or any maturity requirement. 90 130 145 • Bruising, which is discoloured at the surface and protrudes into the flesh or 82 139 156 bruising that is superficial (as previously defined) but greater than a 10c coin. 83 139 156 • Skin marking greater than a 5c coin 75 152 175 • Unhealed hail damage or healed damage which is greater than a 5c coin 76 152 167 • Stems punctures which are unhealed or are healed and protrude deep into 70 165 181 the flesh 65 180 196 • All rots and moulds 66 177 196 • All cuts and splits 60 190 224 • Pest and insect damage 53 218 250 • Bitter pit 54 218 250 • Scald Premium sizing legend • Greasy in texture Count 50 (12kg) = 25 (6kg) Count 54/53 (12kg) = 27 (6kg) Presentation A minimum of 85% fruit stickered with the Aussie Apple sticker with correct PLU Count 60 (12kg) = 30 (6kg) Count 65/66 (12kg) = 33/32 (6kg)* Treatment Washed and polished Waxed Shape Conical

Pulp Temperature 1 - 10°C Standard 1 - 10°C Early season

20 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

JAZZ® JONAGOLD

Defects PREMIUM TRAY 6kg: Colour 50% block red with striped red foreground over golden cream background. Minor defects: must not exceed three pieces of fruit Major defects: nil Eating Quality Sweet, tart, crisp STANDARD (12kg) Minor defects: must not exceed 7 pieces of fruit Brix Minimum Brix 14 Major defects: must not exceed 2 pieces of fruit Firmness Minimum Firmness 6kg at 1mm probe Defects Minor Minor defects are those that do not affect the shelf life of the product, including • Failing colour requirements Size Primary Size check: Count reference. • Russet if exhibited on the body of the fruit and is greater than 0.5cm2 but Primary Weight check: Box net weight. less than 5c coin If the product presents poorly and is not uniform in size the weight reference • Stalk cavity russet if it exceeds the shoulder of the fruit table should be used. • Skin marks if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than 5c coin • Superficial bruising which is discoloured at the surface and superficial in depth Weight Reference Table and is greater than 5c coin and less than 10c coin Count Min Max • Sunburn which is superficial in depth and discoloured at the surface i.e. 90 130 145 yellow/brown 84 133 152 • Healed hail if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than 5c coin, may be accumulative 83 139 155 • Thrip damage if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than 5c coin, may be accumulative 82 139 156 75 152 175 76 152 167 Defects Major Major defects are those that affect the shelf life and retail performance of the 70 165 181 product and include storage disorders and defects, including: 65 180 196 • Failing pressure/firmness, brix levels or any maturity requirement 66 177 196 • Bruising, which is discoloured at the surface and protrudes into the flesh or 60 190 224 bruising that is superficial (as previously defined) but greater than 10c coin 53 218 250 • Skin marking greater than 5c coin 54 218 250 • Unhealed hail damage or healed damage which is greater than 5c coin *Premium sizing legend* • Stem punctures which are unhealed or are healed and protrude deep into Count 50 (12kg) = 25 (6kg) the flesh Count 54/53 (12kg) = 27 (6kg) • All rots and moulds Count 60 (12kg) = 30 (6kg) • All cuts and splits Count 65/66 (12kg) = 33/32 (6kg)* • Pest and insect damage • Bitter pit • Scald Shape Conical to Round • Greasy in texture

Presentation A minimum of 85% fruit stickered with the Aussie Apple sticker with correct PLU

Treatment Washed and polished Waxed

Pulp Temperature 1 - 12°C standard

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 21 REFERENCE GUIDE

JONAGOLD JONATHAN

Defects PREMIUM TRAY 6kg: Colour A green background with 60% red striped skin Minor defects: must not exceed three pieces of fruit Major defects: nil Appearance Bright STANDARD (12kg) COMBAT (12kg) Minor defects: must not exceed 7 pieces of fruit Eating Quality Crispy, juicy, sweet Major defects: must not exceed 2 pieces of fruit Maturity Minimum Brix 12 BIN LINES: Minor defects: must not exceed 10% Major defects: must not exceed 2% Brix Mini um firmness of 5.6kg at 11mm probe

Defects Minor Firmness Minimum 5.5 kg (11 mm plunger) Minor defects are those that do not affect the shelf life of the product, including: • Russet if exhibited on the body of the fruit and if less than 5c coin • Stalk cavity russet if it exceeds the shoulder of the fruit Size PREMIUM (12kg): Count 65/66, 60 • Skin marks if less than 5c coin STANDARD (12kg): Count 90, 82/83, 75/76, 70 • Superficial bruising that is discoloured at the surface and superficial in depth COMBAT (12kg): Count 54 and is greater than 5c coin and less than 10c coin • Sunburn which is superficial in depth and discoloured at the surface i.e. BIN LINES: Count 50, 54, 60, 65/66, 70, 75/76, 83/82, 90 yellow/brown No more than one count per bin. Sizing must be discussed with buyer prior • Healed hail if less than 5c coin to delivery. • Thrip damage if less than 5c coin Primary Size check: Count reference. Primary Weight check: Box net weight. Defects Major If the product presents poorly and is not uniform in size the weight reference Major defects are those that affect the shelf life and retail performance of the table should be used. product of the product including storage disorders and defects such as: • Failing pressure/firmness, brix levels or any maturity requirement Weight Reference Table • Bruising, which is discoloured at the surface and protrudes into the flesh or Count Min Max bruising that is superficial (as previously defined) but greater than 10c coin 90 130 145 • Skin marking greater than 5c coin 84 133 152 • Unhealed hail damage or healed damage which is greater than 5c coin 83 139 155 • Stems punctures which are unhealed or are healed and protrude deep into 82 139 156 the flesh 75 152 175 • All rots and moulds 76 152 167 • All cuts and splits 70 165 181 • Pest and insect damage 65 180 196 • Bitter pit 66 177 196 • Scald 60 190 224 • Product which is greasy in texture 53 218 250 54 218 250 A tolerance of +/ 3 grams will apply to 10% of the box for any of the previously A minimum of 85% fruit stickered with the Aussie Apple sticker with correct PLU Presentation mentioned weights *Premium sizing legend* Washed and polished Treatment Count 50 (12kg) = 25 (6kg) Waxed Count 54/53 (12kg) = 27 (6kg) Count 60 (12kg) = 30 (6kg) 1 - 12°C Standard Pulp Temperature Count 65/66 (12kg) = 33/32 (6kg)* 1 - 12°C Early season

Shape Elongated

22 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

JONAGOLD JONATHAN

Shape Elongated

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 23 REFERENCE GUIDE

JONATHAN KANZI

Defects PREMIUM (12kg) STANDARD (12kg) COMBAT (12kg) Colour 40% red colour with pale green to pale yellow Minor defects: must not exceed 7 pieces of fruit Major defects: must not exceed 2 pieces of fruit Eating Quality Tart, sweet crisp BIN LINES: Minor defects: must not exceed 10% Major defects: must not exceed 2% Brix Minimum Brix 14

Defects Minor Firmness Minimum 7.2kg Those that do not affect the shelf life of the product, including: • Russet if exhibited on the body of the fruit and if less than a 5c coin • Stalk cavity russet if it exceeds the shoulder of the fruit Size STANDARD LARgE (12kg): Count 50, 54, 60 • Skin marks if less than 5c coin STANDARD MEDIUM (12kg): Count 65, 70, 76 • Superficial bruising that is discoloured at the surface and superficial in depth Primary Size check: Count reference. and is greater than 5c coin and less than 10c coin • Sunburn which is superficial in depth and discoloured at the surface i.e. Primary Weight check: Box net weight. yellow/brown If the product presents poorly and is not uniform in size the weight reference • Healed hail if less than 5c coin table should be used. • Thrip damage if less than 5c coin Weight Reference Table Count Min Max Defects Major 90 130 145 Major defects are those that affect the shelf life and retail performance of the 82 139 156 product of the product and include storage disorders and defects including: 83 139 156 • Failing pressure/firmness, brix levels or any maturity requirement 75 152 175 • Bruising, which is discoloured at the surface and protrudes into the flesh or 76 152 167 bruising that is superficial (as previously defined) but greater than 10c coin 70 165 181 • Skin marking greater than 5c coin 65 180 196 • Unhealed hail damage or healed damage which is greater than 5c coin 66 177 196 • Stems punctures which are unhealed or are healed and protrude deep into 60 190 224 the flesh 53 218 250 • All rots and moulds 54 218 250 • All cuts and splits A tolerance of +/ 3 grams will apply to 10% of the box to any of the previously • Pest and insect damage mentioned weights • Bitter pit *Premium sizing legend* • Scald Count 50 (12kg) = 25 (6kg) • Product which is greasy in texture Count 54/53 (12kg) = 27 (6kg) Presentation A minimum of 85% fruit stickered with the Aussie Apple sticker with correct PLU Count 60 (12kg) = 30 (6kg) Count 65/66 (12kg) = 33/32 (6kg)* Treatment Washed and polished Conical to irregular Waxed Shape

Pulp Temperature 1 - 12°C Standard 1 - 10°C Early season

24 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

KANZI PINK LADY®

Defects PREMIUM (12kg) STANDARD (12kg) COMBAT (12kg) Colour PREMIUM TRAY (6kg): Minor defects: must not exceed 7 pieces of fruit A green/cream background with a minimum 75% Pink/light Red Blush Major defects: must not exceed 2 pieces of fruit STANDARD(12kg) A green/cream background with a minimum 45% Pink/light Red Blush Defects Minor Minor defects are those that do not affect the shelf life of the product including: Appearance Bright • Failing colour requirements • Russet if exhibited on the body of the fruit and is greater than .5cm2 but less than a 5c coin Eating Quality Tart apple with a sweet balance. Crisp flesh. • Stalk cavity russet if it exceeds the shoulder of the fruit 2 • Skin marks if greater than .5cm but less than a 5c coin Maturity Crisp flesh. not dull or greasy skin. • Superficial bruising which is discoloured at the surface and superficial in depth and is greater than 5c coin and less than a 10c coin • Sunburn which is superficial in depth and discoloured at the surface i.e. Brix Minimum Brix 14 yellow/brown 2 • Healed hail if greater than .5cm but less than 5c coin may be accumulative Firmness Minimum firmness 6.3kg at 11mm probe • Thrip damage if greater than .5cm2 but less than 5 c coin may be accumulative

Defects Major Size PREMIUM TRAY(6kg): Count 25/28, 30, 32/33. Major defects are those that affect the shelf life and retail performance of the Premium orders should not contain more than two counts per pallet. product and include storage disorders and defects including: STANDARD LARgE (12kg): Count 65/66, 60 • Failing pressure/firmness, brix levels or any maturity requirement STANDARD MEDIUM (12kg): Count 82/83, 75/76, 70 • Bruising, which is discoloured at the surface and protrudes into the flesh or Count size to be printed on carton/crate label. bruising that is superficial (as previously defined) but greater than a 10 c coin. • Skin marking greater than 5c coin BIN LINES: Count 50, 54, 60, 65/66, 70, 75/76, 83/82, 90 • Unhealed hail damage or healed damage which is greater than 5 c coin Primary Size check: Count reference. • Stem punctures which are unhealed or are healed and protrude deep into Primary Weight check: Box net weight. the flesh If the product presents poorly and is not uniform in size the weight reference • All rots and moulds table should be used. • All cuts and splits • Pest and insect damage Weight Reference Table • Bitter pit Count Min Max • Scald 90 130 145 • Greasy in texture 84 133 152 83 139 155 82 139 156 Presentation A minimum of 85% fruit stickered with the Aussie Apple sticker with correct PLU 75 152 175 76 152 167 Treatment Washed and polished 70 165 181 65 180 196 Waxed 66 177 196 60 190 224 Pulp Temperature 1 - 12°C Standard 53 218 250 1 - 12°C Early season 54 218 250 A tolerance of +/- 3 grams will apply to 10% of the box for any of the previously mentioned weights *Premium sizing legend* Count 50 (12kg) = 25 (6kg) Count 54/53 (12kg) = 27 (6kg) Count 60 (12kg) = 30 (6kg) Count 65/66 (12kg) = 33/32 (6kg)*

Shape Conical

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 25 REFERENCE GUIDE

PINK LADY® RED DELICIOUS

Defects PREMIUM TRAY 6kg: Colour PREMIUM TRAY (6kg) Minor defects: must not exceed three pieces of fruit greater than 90% red, stripy red background allowed Major defects: nil STANDARD (12kg) COMBAT (12kg) STANDARD (12kg) COMBAT (12kg) greater than 80% red, stripy background allowed Minor defects: must not exceed 7 pieces of fruit Major defects: must not exceed 2 pieces of fruit Appearance Bright BIN LINES: Minor defects: must not exceed 10% Eating Quality Crisp, mild flavour Major defects: must not exceed 2% Maturity Crisp firm flesh, no greasy or wrinkly skin Defects Minor Minor defects are those that do not affect the shelf life of the product, including: • Russet if exhibited on the body of the fruit and if less than 5c coin Brix Minimum Brix 11.5 • Stalk cavity russet if it exceeds the shoulder of the fruit • Skin marks if less than 5c coin Firmness Minimum Firmness at 6kg at 11mm probe • Superficial bruising that is discoloured at the surface and superficial in depth and is greater than 5c coin and less than 10c coin • Sunburn which is superficial in depth and discoloured at the surface i.e. Size PREMIUM TRAY (6kg): Count 25/28, 30, 32/33. yellow/brown Premium orders should not contain more than two counts per pallet. • Healed hail if less than 5c coin STANDARD LARgE (12kg): Count 65/66, 60 • Thrip damage if less than 5c coin STANDARD MEDIUM (12kg): Count 75/76, 70, 82 Count size to be printed on carton/crate label. Defects Major Major defects are those that affect the shelf life and retail performance of the BIN LINES: Count 50, 54, 60, 65/66, 70, 75/76 product of the product and include storage disorders and defects, including: No more than one count per bin. • Failing pressure/firmness, brix levels or any maturity requirement Primary Size check: Count reference. • Bruising, which is discoloured at the surface and protrudes into the flesh or Primary Weight check: Box net weight. bruising that is superficial (as previously defined) but greater than 10c coin • Skin marking greater than 5c coin If the product presents poorly and is not uniform in size the weight reference • Unhealed hail damage or healed damage which is greater than 5c coin table should be used. • Stems punctures which are unhealed or are healed and protrude deep into Weight Reference Table the flesh Count Min Max • All rots and moulds 75 152 175 • All cuts and splits 76 152 167 • Pest and insect damage 70 165 181 • Bitter pit 65 180 196 • Scald 66 177 196 • Product which is greasy in texture 60 190 224 53 218 250 54 218 250 Presentation A minimum of 85% fruit stickered with the Aussie Apple sticker with correct PLU A tolerance of +/ 3 grams will apply to 10% of the box for any of the previously mentioned weights Treatment Washed and polished *Premium sizing legend* Waxed Count 50 (12kg) = 25 (6kg) Count 54/53 (12kg) = 27 (6kg) 1 - 12°C Standard Pulp Temperature Count 60 (12kg) = 30 (6kg) 1 - 12°C Early season Count 65/66 (12kg) = 33/32 (6kg)*

Shape Elongated

26 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

PINK LADY® RED DELICIOUS

Shape Elongated

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 27 REFERENCE GUIDE

RED DELICIOUS ROYAL GALA

Defects PREMIUM TRAY 6kg: Colour A creamy/light green background with equal to or >60% red stripe Minor defects: must not exceed three pieces of fruit Major defects: nil Appearance Bright STANDARD (12kg) COMBAT (12kg) Minor defects: must not exceed 7 pieces of fruit Eating Quality Sweet, juicy, crisp, aromatic flavour Major defects: must not exceed 2 pieces of fruit Maturity Crisp, not dull and greasy BIN LINES: Minor defects: must not exceed 10% Major defects: must not exceed 2% Brix Minimum Brix 11.8

Defects Minor Firmness Firmness greater or equal to 6.5kg (11 mm probe) Minor defects are those that do not affect the shelf life of the product, including: • Failing colour requirements No more than 10% of fruit less than 5.5kg (11 mm probe) • Russet if exhibited on the body of the fruit and is greater than 0.5cm2 but less than 5c coin Size Large (12kg): Count 65/66, 60 • Stalk cavity russet if it exceeds the shoulder of the fruit Medium (12kg): Count 82/83, 75/76, 70 • Skin marks if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than 5c coin Count size to be printed on carton/crate label. • Superficial bruising which is discoloured at the surface and superficial in depth and is greater than 5c coin and less than 10c coin BIN LINES: Count 50, 54, 60, 65/66, 70, 75/76, 83/82 • Sunburn which is superficial in depth and discoloured at the surface i.e. No more than one count per bin. yellow/brown Primary Size check: Count reference. • Healed hail if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than 5c coin, may be accumulative Primary Weight check: Box net weight. • Thrip damage if greater than 0.5cm2 but less than 5c coin, may be accumulative If the product presents poorly and is not uniform in size the weight reference Defects Major table should be used. Major defects are those that affect the shelf life and retail performance of the Weight Reference Table product of the product and include storage disorders and defects, including: Count Min Max • Failing pressure/firmness, brix levels or any maturity requirement 84 133 152 • Bruising, which is discoloured at the surface and protrudes into the flesh or 83 139 155 bruising that is superficial (as previously defined) but greater than 10c coin 82 139 156 • Skin marking greater than 5c coin 75 152 175 • Unhealed hail damage or healed damage which is greater than 5c coin 76 152 167 • Stems punctures which are unhealed or are healed and protrude deep into 70 165 181 the flesh 65 180 196 • All rots and moulds 66 177 196 • All cuts and splits 60 190 224 • Pest and insect damage 53 218 250 • Bitter pit 54 218 250 • Scald • Greasy in texture Shape Conical

Presentation A minimum of 85% fruit stickered with the Aussie Apple sticker with correct PLU

Treatment Washed and polished Waxed

Pulp Temperature 1 - 12°C Standard 1 - 12°C Early season

28 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

RED DELICIOUS ROYAL GALA

Presentation A minimum of 85% fruit stickered with the Aussie Apple sticker with correct PLU

Treatment Washed and polished Waxed

Pulp Temperature 1 - 12°C Standard 1 - 12°C Early season

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 29 REFERENCE GUIDE

ROYAL GALA RUBIGOLD

Defects Minor defects: must not exceed 10% Colour 70% red with cream background Major defects: must not exceed 2% Appearance Forward colour: Dark stripe over block red background Defects Minor Minor defects are those that do not affect the shelf life of the product including: • Russet if exhibited on the body of the fruit and if less than 5c coin Eating Quality Bright • Stalk cavity russet if it exceeds the shoulder of the fruit • Skin marks if less than 5c coin Maturity Crisp, sweet with acid balance • Superficial bruising that is discoloured at the surface and superficial in depth and is greater than 5c coin and less than 10c coin • Sunburn which is superficial in depth and discoloured at the surface i.e. Brix Crisp firm flesh, not greasy or wrinkly skin yellow/brown • Healed hail if less than a 5c coin Minimum Brix 12 • Thrip damage if less than a 5c coin Firmness

Defects Major Size STANDARD MEDIUM (12kg): Count 82, 76, 70, 65 Major defects are those that affect the shelf life and retail performance of the STANDARD LARgE (12kg): Count 60, 54, 50 product and include storage disorders and defects such as: PREMIUM (6kg): 25/28/30 • Failing pressure/firmness, brix levels or any maturity requirement • Bruising, which is discoloured at the surface and protrudes into the flesh or Premium orders should not contain more than two counts per pallet. bruising that is superficial (as previously defined) but greater than a 10c coin Primary size check: Count reference • Skin marking greater than a 5c coin Primary weight check: Net weight of box. • Unhealed hail damage or healed damage which is greater than a 5c coin If the product presents poorly and is not uniform in size the weight reference • Stems punctures which are unhealed or are healed and protrude deep into table below should be used. the flesh • All rots and moulds Weight Reference Table • All cuts and splits Count Min Max • Pest and insect damage 90 128g 141g • Bitter pit 82 141g 154g • Scald 76 154g 166g • Product which is greasy in texture 70 166g 180g 65 180g 194g 60 194g 213g Presentation A minimum of 85% fruit stickered with the Aussie Apple sticker with correct PLU 54 213g 239g 50 239g 267g Treatment Washed and polished *Count 60 (12kg) =30 (6kg) Waxed Count 54 (12kg) = 27 (6kg) Count 50 (12kg) = 25 (6kg) Pulp Temperature 1 - 10°C Standard 1 - 10°C Early season Shape Conical to round

30 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

RUBIGOLD SUNDOWNER

Defects PREMIUM TRAY 6kg: Colour 75% full red stripe or block on a lime green/yellow background. Minor defects: must not exceed three pieces of fruit Prominent white lenticels are a characteristic of this variety. Major defects: nil Appearance Bright STANDARD (12kg) COMBAT (12kg) Minor defects: must not exceed 7 pieces of fruit Major defects: must not exceed 2 pieces of fruit Eating Quality Sweet, juicy, crisp

Defects Minor Maturity Flesh crisp. Skin not to be dull or greasy. Minor defects are those that do not affect the shelf life of the product, including: • Russet if exhibited on the body of the fruit and if less than 5c coin • Stalk cavity russet if it exceeds the shoulder of the fruit Brix Minimum Brix 13 • Skin marks if less than 5c coin • Superficial bruising that is discoloured at the surface and superficial in depth Firmness Minimum firmness 6.5kg at 11mm probe and is greater than 5c coin and less than 10c coin • Sunburn which is superficial in depth and discoloured at the surface i.e. yellow/brown Size PREMIUM (12kg): Count 65/66, 60 • Healed hail if less than 5c coin STANDARD (12kg): Count 82/83, 75/76, 70 • Thrip damage if less than 5c coin BIN LINES: Count 50, 54, 60, 65/66, 70, 75/76, 83/82, 90 No more than one count per bin. Sizing must be discussed with buyer prior to Defects Major delivery. Major defects are those that affect the shelf life and retail performance of the product of the product and include storage disorders and defects, including: Primary Size check: Count reference. • Failing pressure/firmness, brix levels or any maturity requirement Primary Weight check: Box net weight. • Bruising, which is discoloured at the surface and protrudes into the flesh or If the product presents poorly and is not uniform in size the weight reference table bruising that is superficial (as previously defined) but greater than 10c coin should be used. • Skin marking greater than 5c coin Weight Reference Table • Unhealed hail damage or healed damage which is greater than 5c coin Count Min Max • Stems punctures which are unhealed or are healed and protrude deep into the flesh 90 130 145 • All rots and moulds 84 133 152 • All cuts and splits 83 139 155 • Pest and insect damage 82 139 156 • Bitter pit • Scald 75 152 175 • Product which is greasy in texture 76 152 167 70 165 181 Presentation A minimum of 85% fruit stickered with the Aussie Apple sticker with correct PLU 65 180 196 66 177 196 Treatment Washed and polished 60 190 224 Waxed 53 218 250 54 218 250 Pulp Temperature 1 - 12°C Standard A tolerance of +/- 3 gram will apply to 10% of the box for any of the previously 1 - 12°C Early season mentioned weights *Premium sizing legend* Count 50 (12kg) = 25 (6kg) Count 54/53 (12kg) = 27 (6kg) Count 60 (12kg) = 30 (6kg) Count 65/66 (12kg) = 33/32 (6kg)*

Shape Round

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 31 REFERENCE GUIDE

SUNDOWNER PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE - APPLES Defects PREMIUM TRAY 6kg: Minor defects: must not exceed three pieces of fruit Major defects: nil WHAT IS A PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE? One in every three trays may exhibit a major defect

PREMIUM (12kg) STANDARD (12kg) COMBAT (12kg) A Product Description Language (PDL) is a set of photographs and definitions used to Minor defects: must not exceed 7 pieces of fruit describe a product. It focuses on the key quality characteristics of a product and describes Major defects: must not exceed 2 pieces of fruit them in a way that is readily measured. In this way a PDL can be used by growers, packers, BIN LINES: processors, wholesalers, exporters and retail customers to identify what quality attributes

Minor defects: must not exceed 10% are important to them. It also gives the opportunity to specify and negotiate what style of Major defects: must not exceed 2% blemish, colour, shape, sweetness or other parameter is available to supply or acceptable to purchase. Defects Minor Minor defects are those that do not affect the shelf life of the product, including: • Russet if exhibited on the body of the fruit and if less than 5c coin • Stalk cavity russet if it exceeds the shoulder of the fruit WHAT IS THIS REFERENCE GUIDE? • Skin marks if less than 5c coin • Superficial bruising that is discoloured at the surface and superficial in depth First, it is worth noting that the Export Control Orders Schedule for apples is no longer and is greater than 5c coin and less than 10c coin • Sunburn which is superficial in depth and discoloured at the surface i.e. enforceable. yellow/brown • Healed hail if less than 5c coin Second, quality systems of the type that many apple packers are implementing require a • Thrip damage if less than 5c coin clear understanding of what the customer wants, and a clear knowledge of your ability to supply. To do this requires a language to describe the product so that the specifications Defects Major Major defects are those that affect the shelf life and retail performance of the are understood by all parties and are measurable, like equipment or spare parts catalogues product of the product and include storage disorders and defects including: for example. • Failing pressure/firmness, brix levels or any maturity requirement • Bruising, which is discoloured at the surface and protrudes into the flesh or bruising that is superficial (as previously defined) but greater than 10c coin. This Reference guide contains photographs and definitions that specifically relate to the • Skin marking greater than 5c coin quality of apples. It is designed for use by growers, packers, marketers and buyers of • Unhealed hail damage or healed damage which is greater than 5c coin apples to negotiate or to report on the quality of apples. It is not intended to replace any • Stems punctures which are unhealed or are healed and protrude deep into existing grades or standards that are used by packers and marketers themselves. Rather, the flesh • All rots and moulds it is designed to enable existing grade specifications to be put into a language that will • All cuts and splits be adopted across the industry. • Pest and insect damage • Bitter pit Apples packed under this system can be labelled under any grade standards that may • Scald • Product which is greasy in texture be required such as Codex Alimentarius or Organisation for Economic Co-oporation and Development (OECD) agreements so long as the fruit meets these standards. Presentation A minimum of 85% fruit stickered with the Aussie Apple sticker with correct PLU

Treatment Washed and polished Waxed

Pulp Temperature 1 - 12°C Standard 1 - 12°C Early season

32 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

Treatment Washed and polished Waxed

Pulp Temperature 1 - 12°C Standard 1 - 12°C Early season

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 33 REFERENCE GUIDE

HOW TO USE THIS LANGUAGE Apple Quality Parameters

There are two types of quality attributes of apples, namely those which are a function of The Reference guide sets out and defines quality parameters applicable to apples such the natural process of fruit growth (“general parameters”) and those which are the result as shape, colour, blemish, etc. It then suggests some options within each parameter. The of undesirable interference (“defects”). options are at three levels (A, B and C) and each level is termed a style. When buyers order, they negotiate the quality parameter types and styles and the percentages of each The general parameters are: they require. When packing fruit, packers are given the quality parameters of the fruit and the percentage of each style which is required in the finished pack. • shape • colour In simple terms this Product Description Language for Apples does the following: • blush • russet 1. Describes the quality parameters of apples. • maturity (starch, sugars and pressure) 2. Specifies styles of each quality parameter. 3. Provides some guidance and suggested documents for use of the language by packers, their suppliers and their customers. Defects included in this guide are:

• misshape Basic Quality Expectations • skin marks • sunburn In this Reference guide, apples are assumed to be packed for domestic and export fresh • hail damage fruit markets. It is acknowledged that substantial quantities of apples are processed each • bruising season, and that styles of product not depicted in this guide may be necessary for this purpose. Irrespective of the destination of the product, there are some basic attributes which should be met. MAKING IT WORK

1. Intact: apples should be free of major injury or spoilage. Any language which helps define a product depends on the ability to measure or assess the fruit to see how it meets the specification. The idea is to minimise the use of words like 2. Sound: apples should not be overripe, soft or wilted, they should be free of “reasonably”, “practically”, “usually”, “almost”, “not many” and “few”. These words have foreign odours and foreign tastes, and free of injury and blemish many interpretations. They lead to disputes between packers and their customers because which is likely to affect keeping quality. both parties have different interpretations of what they mean. The use of photographs assists greatly with interpretation. 3. Clean: apples must be free of dirt, dust, unacceptable chemical residues and other foreign matter. By measuring colour as the percentage of the skin surface coloured with red, or by measuring blemish by square centimetres for example, the room for error and subsequent 4. Palatable: apples must be of a variety and in a condition which is acceptable dispute is minimised. However, the process of packing apples to a specification relies on to consumers. having adequate procedures for sampling product and recording the results.

34 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

HOW TO USE THIS LANGUAGE Apple Quality Parameters

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 35 REFERENCE GUIDE

Some draft documents for customer specifications and checking packed apples are PROCEDURES FOR USING THE SYSTEM included following this section, as well as suggested procedures for using the documents. There are other documents currently in use by apple packers, and anyone wishing to set up their own product specification sheet and quality check sheet should not encounter There are two documents recommended for use with the system any difficulty obtaining ideas from others. 1. PACKINGHOUSE ANALYSIS SHEET Packers should be aware that there are other aspects to a customer’s specification for apples. Issues that need to be taken into account include: 2. MARKET SPECIFICATIONS FORM

• Labelling The PACKINGHOUSE ANALYSIS SHEET is used in the packinghouse to monitor and • Carton size, shape and materials analyse the fruit being packed for market. The MARKET SPECIFICATIONS FORM is used • Pallet dimensions by sellers and buyers of apples to specify the product they wish to buy or sell. • Strapping • Corner pieces • Time and mode of delivery PACKINGHOUSE ANALYSIS SHEET PROCEDURE • Temperature management The Product Description Language requires objective assessment of the fruit for it to work effectively. It is ideal for those with a quality management system which ensures correct procedures are followed. The following are recommended sampling procedures.

STEP 1. A representative sample of each line of fruit should be taken as soon as practical after fruit is delivered to the packinghouse. Take a sample of 100 fruit as this makes calculating percentages easy.

Examine each fruit individually for each quality parameter type and style. Remember, each fruit may have a number of defects and all should be counted. Record each fruit’s attributes in the appropriate box by using dots or crosses. After each fruit has been assessed, count the numbers of each style, calculate the percentage and write this in the percentage box.

This information is provided to the grower or orchard manager to indicate a profile of the fruit supplied. It can also be used by the packhouse manager to decide whether to store fruit long term or short term or pack for export or domestic markets.

36 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 37 REFERENCE GUIDE

MARKET SPECIFICATIONS FORM - APPLES

VARIETY: STEP 2. Take a sample of 100 fruit from the line immediately after the sorting table. Take the sample at or soon after the start of packing for the session. Take further samples as COUNT: required such as after a change of growers or orchard blocks or after an elapsed time such as 30 minutes. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS:

STEP 3. Take a sample carton after packing and go through the same procedure. Sample cartons MISSHAPE at about one carton every two pallets, or according to requirements. COLOUR Examine the PACKINGHOUSE ANALYSIS SHEETS closely over time to build up a profile (surface cover) of the fruit. The trends in quality parameters can then be established for a packinghouse and linked to market requirements. It is expected that a packinghouse will develop a COLOUR (intensity) number of combinations of quality parameters and styles that will become their market benchmarks. SKIN MARKS

MARKET SPECIFICATIONS FORM PROCEDURE RUSSET

For the buyer: SUNBURN

• Select each quality parameter required and specify the percentage required of HAIL DAMAGE each style (A, B, C). Write the percentage in the appropriate box. If it does not matter what style is required, tick the ANY STYLE box for that quality parameter type. If any quality parameter type is not required to be specified, cross it out. (total blemishes)

For the packer: BLUSH (GD & GS only) • Use the information from the PACKINGHOUSE ANALYSIS SHEETS to write in the MARKET SPECIFICATIONS FORM what is available.The information BRUISING can also be used to deliver feedback to grower suppliers.

These are only suggested procedures. Packers, marketers and customers should evolve STARCH PLATE procedures which best suit their own needs, with documents to match. PRESSURE

SUGARS

38 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES MARKET SPECIFICATIONS FORM - APPLES

Write down the percentage of the required styles in the appropriate box on the QUALITY STYLE A STYLE B STYLE C ANY STYLE PACKINGHOUSE ANALYSIS SHEET. Examine each fruit and record results as described PARAMETERS Write tolerance Write tolerance Write tolerance Tick if style above. Calculate the percentages and compare what you have with what is required. percentage or percentage or percentage or does not Advise the sorters to modify their sorting if the analysis shows the fruit does not conform tick for 100 % tick for 100 % tick for100 % matter with the product specifications required. SHAPE STEP 3. Take a sample carton after packing and go through the same procedure. Sample cartons MISSHAPE at about one carton every two pallets, or according to requirements. COLOUR Examine the PACKINGHOUSE ANALYSIS SHEETS closely over time to build up a profile (surface cover) of the fruit. The trends in quality parameters can then be established for a packinghouse and linked to market requirements. It is expected that a packinghouse will develop a COLOUR (intensity) number of combinations of quality parameters and styles that will become their market benchmarks. SKIN MARKS

MARKET SPECIFICATIONS FORM PROCEDURE RUSSET

For the buyer: SUNBURN

These are only suggested procedures. Packers, marketers and customers should evolve STARCH PLATE procedures which best suit their own needs, with documents to match. PRESSURE

SUGARS PACKINGHOUSE ANALYSIS SHEET - APPLES

DATE: TIME: INDENTIFICATION: COUNT:

QUALITY STYLE A STYLE B STYLE C

PARAMETRES REQUIRED% ACTUAL % REQUIRED% ACTUAL % REQUIRED% ACTUAL % 0.5 cm2 1 cm2 1.5 cm2 2 cm2 2.5 cm2 3 cm2 3.5 cm2 4 cm2 Shape

% % % 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Colour

% % % cm

Blush

% % %

Russet

% % %

Maturity

% % %

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Misshape 0.5 cm 1 cm 1.5 cm 2 cm 2.5 cm 3 cm 3.5 cm 4 cm

% % %

Skin Marks 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

% % % cm

Sunburn

% % %

Hail Damage

% % %

Bruising

% % %

Other 0.5 cm2 1 cm2 1.5 cm2 2 cm2 2.5 cm2 3 cm2 3.5 cm2 4 cm2 % % %

TOTAL/ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 SUMMARY cm REFERENCE GUIDE

PACKINGHOUSE ANALYSIS SHEET - APPLES

DATE: TIME: INDENTIFICATION: COUNT:

QUALITY STYLE A STYLE B STYLE C

PARAMETRES REQUIRED% ACTUAL % REQUIRED% ACTUAL % REQUIRED% ACTUAL % 0.5 cm2 1 cm2 1.5 cm2 2 cm2 2.5 cm2 3 cm2 3.5 cm2 4 cm2 Shape

% % % 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Colour

% % % cm

Blush

% % %

Russet

% % %

Maturity

% % %

Misshape 0.5 cm2 1 cm2 1.5 cm2 2 cm2 2.5 cm2 3 cm2 3.5 cm2 4 cm2

% % %

Skin Marks 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

% % % cm

Sunburn

% % %

Hail Damage

% % %

Bruising

% % %

Other 0.5 cm2 1 cm2 1.5 cm2 2 cm2 2.5 cm2 3 cm2 3.5 cm2 4 cm2 % % %

TOTAL/ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 SUMMARY cm

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 41 REFERENCE GUIDE

BRUISING FUJI SHAPE Bruising results from pressure on the apple to the point where it compresses the flesh. Shape means the natural formation of the fruit. Shape for any variety may be more The result is a flat or sunken area on the skin, often darker than the true colour as a result elongated or more flat as a consequence of climatic conditions. of discoloured flesh beneath. Bruising mostly occurs at harvest but can occur at any stage if fruit is handled without care. At no stage should apples with broken stems be packed.

STYLE A STYLE A Less than 1 square cm. Typical of elongated for the variety.

STYLE B STYLE B Less than 2 square cm. Typical of round or semi squat for the variety.

STYLE C STYLE C Less than 3 square cm. Typical of flat or squat for the variety.

42 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A Less than 1 square cm. Typical of elongated for the variety.

STYLE B STYLE B Less than 2 square cm. Typical of round or semi squat for the variety.

STYLE C STYLE C Less than 3 square cm. Typical of flat or squat for the variety.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 43 REFERENCE GUIDE

FUJI MISSHAPE FUJI COLOUR Misshapen fruit is usually due to poor pollination. Another cause of misshapen fruit is Colour in this guide refers to the main foreground colour which characterises the variety, when the apple is damaged early in the growing season by frost, hail, insects, etc. The not the background colour. This page refers to the amount of the surface which is coloured damaged area does not grow at the same rate as the rest of the apple and the fruit according to the style. becomes distorted in shape.

STYLE A STYLE A No misshapen apples permitted. greater than 70 % red on Fuji.

STYLE B STYLE B Slight degree of irregularity in Greater than 60% on Fuji. shape is permitted.

STYLE C STYLE C Moderate degree of irregularity in Greater than 50 % on Fuji. shape is permitted.

44 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A No misshapen apples permitted. greater than 70 % red on Fuji.

STYLE B STYLE B Slight degree of irregularity in Greater than 60% on Fuji. shape is permitted.

STYLE C STYLE C Moderate degree of irregularity in Greater than 50 % on Fuji. shape is permitted.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 45 REFERENCE GUIDE

FUJI SKIN MARKS FUJI RUSSET Skin marks have numerous causes, including healed limb rub, cuts, punctures and pest Russet is the healed scar tissue on the skin of apples which results from various forms of damage, and mechanical damage which occurs during the harvesting and packing damage such as frost. Varieties differ in their susceptibility to russet, and some have russet processes. Limb rub is the most common and is caused by the movement of apples in which is a characteristic of the variety. the wind and rubbing against spurs, twigs, bark, leaves, etc. The shape of the mark can be irregular and may appear on a number of places on the apple. No fruit which has unhealed injury shall be packed.

STYLE A STYLE A No skin marks permitted. Less than 1 square cm is permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Less than 1 square cm in area, Less than 2.0 square cm is permitted. no more than 2 cm in length.

STYLE C STYLE C Less than 2.0 square cm. Less than 3.5 square cm is permitted.

46 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A No skin marks permitted. Less than 1 square cm is permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Less than 1 square cm in area, Less than 2.0 square cm is permitted. no more than 2 cm in length.

STYLE C STYLE C Less than 2.0 square cm. Less than 3.5 square cm is permitted.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 47 REFERENCE GUIDE

FUJI SUNBURN FUJI HAIL DAMAGE Excessive exposure to direct sunlight can damage apples. The level of damage depends Hail damage usually shows as healed damage on the skin of apples. The severity of the on the duration, frequency and intensity of sunlight, and the susceptibility of the variety. blemish is related to the size, shape and impact of the hail, and when in the growing Light sunburn leads only to slight skin discolouration. Severe sunburn also damages the season the damage occurred. Most damage shows as a scar level with the skin surface flesh of the fruit directly beneath more severe skin discolouration. or as a raised wart, although severe damage early in the season can lead to misshapen fruit. Hail damage which has not completely healed should never be packed.

STYLE A STYLE A No sunburn permitted. No hail marks are permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Faint tonal change permitted. Only healed hail marks less than 0.5 cm at maximum diameter, and no more than 1 square cm in aggregate on any one apple.

STYLE C STYLE C Slight skin discolouration is permitted. Healed marks no more than 2 square cm in total.

48 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A No sunburn permitted. No hail marks are permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Faint tonal change permitted. Only healed hail marks less than 0.5 cm at maximum diameter, and no more than 1 square cm in aggregate on any one apple.

STYLE C STYLE C Slight skin discolouration is permitted. Healed marks no more than 2 square cm in total.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 49 REFERENCE GUIDE

GRANNY SMITH SHAPE GRANNY SMITH MISSHAPE Shape means the natural formation of the fruit. Shape for any variety may be more Misshapen fruit is usually due to poor pollination. Another cause of misshapen fruit is elongated or more flat as a consequence of climatic conditions. when the apple is damaged early in the growing season by frost, hail, insects, etc. The damaged area does not grow at the same rate as the rest of the apple and the fruit becomes distorted in shape.

STYLE A STYLE A Typical of elongated for the variety. No misshapen apples permitted

STYLE B STYLE B Typical of round or semi squat for the Slight degree of irregularity in shape variety. is permitted.

STYLE C STYLE C Typical of flat or squat for the variety. Moderate degree of irregularity in shape is permitted.

50 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A Typical of elongated for the variety. No misshapen apples permitted

STYLE B STYLE B Typical of round or semi squat for the Slight degree of irregularity in shape variety. is permitted.

STYLE C STYLE C Typical of flat or squat for the variety. Moderate degree of irregularity in shape is permitted.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 51 REFERENCE GUIDE

GRANNY SMITH COLOUR GRANNY SMITH SKIN MARKS Colour in this guide refers to the main foreground colour which characterises the variety, Skin marks have numerous causes, including healed limb rub, cuts, punctures and pest not the background colour. This page refers to the amount of the surface which is coloured damage, and mechanical damage which occurs during the harvesting and packing according to the style. processes. Limb rub is the most common and is caused by the movement of apples in the wind and rubbing against spurs, twigs, bark, leaves, etc. The shape of the mark can be irregular and may appear on a number of places on the apple. No fruit which has unhealed injury shall be packed.

STYLE A STYLE A Green on Granny Smith. No skin marks permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Green yellow on Granny Smith. Less than 1.0 square cm in area, no more than 1 cm in length.

STYLE C STYLE C Green yellow yellow on Granny Smith. Less than 1 square cm in area, no more than 2cm in length

52 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A Green on Granny Smith. No skin marks permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Green yellow on Granny Smith. Less than 1.0 square cm in area, no more than 1 cm in length.

STYLE C STYLE C Green yellow yellow on Granny Smith. Less than 1 square cm in area, no more than 2cm in length

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 53 REFERENCE GUIDE

GRANNY SMITH RUSSET GRANNY SMITH SUNBURN Russet is the healed scar tissue on the skin of apples which results from various forms of Excessive exposure to direct sunlight can damage apples. The level of damage depends damage such as frost. Varieties differ in their susceptibility to russet, and some have russet on the duration, frequency and intensity of sunlight, and the susceptibility of the variety. which is a characteristic of the variety. Light sunburn leads only to slight skin discolouration. Severe sunburn also damages the flesh of the fruit directly beneath more severe skin discolouration.

STYLE A STYLE A Less than 0.5 square cm is permitted. No sunburn permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Less than 1.5 square cm is permitted. Faint tonal change permitted.

STYLE C STYLE C Less than 2.5 square cm is permitted. Slight skin discolouration is permitted.

54 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A Less than 0.5 square cm is permitted. No sunburn permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Less than 1.5 square cm is permitted. Faint tonal change permitted.

STYLE C STYLE C Less than 2.5 square cm is permitted. Slight skin discolouration is permitted.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 55 REFERENCE GUIDE

GRANNY SMITH BLUSH GOLDEN DELICIOUS SHAPE Blush is the reaction of apples to cooling night time temperatures close to harvest. It is Shape means the natural formation of the fruit. Shape for any variety may be more the activation of the red pigment in the skin which colours up red skinned varieties but elongated or more flat as a consequence of climatic conditions. also adds a red or pink blush to the skin of granny Smith and golden Delicious. Blush does not affect the internal or eating quality of apples.

STYLE A STYLE A No blush permitted Typical of elongated for the variety.

STYLE B STYLE B Faint blush permitted Typical of round or semi squat for the variety.

STYLE C STYLE C Moderate blush permitted Typical of flat or squat for the variety.

56 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A No blush permitted Typical of elongated for the variety.

STYLE B STYLE B Faint blush permitted Typical of round or semi squat for the variety.

STYLE C STYLE C Moderate blush permitted Typical of flat or squat for the variety.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 57 REFERENCE GUIDE

GOLDEN DELICIOUS MISSHAPE GOLDEN DELICIOUS COLOUR Misshapen fruit is usually due to poor pollination. Another cause of misshapen fruit is Colour in this guide refers to the main foreground colour which characterises the variety, when the apple is damaged early in the growing season by frost, hail, insects, etc. The not the background colour. This page refers to the amount of the surface which is coloured damaged area does not grow at the same rate as the rest of the apple and the fruit according to the style. becomes distorted in shape.

STYLE A STYLE A No misshape apples permitted green yellow for golden Delicious.

STYLE B STYLE B Slight degree of irregularity in Green yellow yellow for Golden shape is permitted. Delicious.

STYLE C STYLE C Moderate degree of irregularity Yellow for golden Delicious. in shape is permitted.

58 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A No misshape apples permitted green yellow for golden Delicious.

STYLE B STYLE B Slight degree of irregularity in Green yellow yellow for Golden shape is permitted. Delicious.

STYLE C STYLE C Moderate degree of irregularity Yellow for golden Delicious. in shape is permitted.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 59 REFERENCE GUIDE

GOLDEN DELICIOUS SKIN MARKS GOLDEN DELICIOUS RUSSET Skin marks have numerous causes, including healed limb rub, cuts, punctures and pest Russet is the healed scar tissue on the skin of apples which results from various forms of damage, and mechanical damage which occurs during the harvesting and packing damage such as frost. Varieties differ in their susceptibility to russet, and some have russet processes. Limb rub is the most common and is caused by the movement of apples in which is a characteristic of the variety. the wind and rubbing against spurs, twigs, bark, leaves, etc. The shape of the mark can be irregular and may appear on a number of places on the apple. No fruit which has unhealed injury shall be packed.

STYLE A STYLE A No skin marks permitted. For highly russet prone varieties such as golden Delicious less than 1 square cm is permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Less than 1.0 square cm in area, For highly russet prone varieties such no more than 1 cm in length. as golden Delicious less than 2.0 square cm is permitted.

STYLE C STYLE C Less than 1 square cm in area, For highly russet prone varieties such as no more than 2cm in length. golden Delicious, less than 3.5 square cm is permitted.

60 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A No skin marks permitted. For highly russet prone varieties such as golden Delicious less than 1 square cm is permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Less than 1.0 square cm in area, For highly russet prone varieties such no more than 1 cm in length. as golden Delicious less than 2.0 square cm is permitted.

STYLE C STYLE C Less than 1 square cm in area, For highly russet prone varieties such as no more than 2cm in length. golden Delicious, less than 3.5 square cm is permitted.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 61 REFERENCE GUIDE

GOLDEN DELICIOUS SUNBURN GOLDEN DELICIOUS BLUSH Excessive exposure to direct sunlight can damage apples. The level of damage depends Blush is the reaction of apples to cooling night time temperatures close to harvest. It is on the duration, frequency and intensity of sunlight, and the susceptibility of the variety. the activation of the red pigment in the skin which colours up red skinned varieties but Light sunburn leads only to slight skin discolouration. Severe sunburn also damages the also adds a red or pink blush to the skin of granny Smith and golden Delicious. Blush flesh of the fruit directly beneath more severe skin discolouration. does not affect the internal or eating quality of apples.

STYLE A STYLE A No sunburn permitted. No blush permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Faint tonal change permitted. Faint blush permitted.

STYLE C STYLE C Slight skin discolouration is permitted. Moderate blush permitted.

62 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A No sunburn permitted. No blush permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Faint tonal change permitted. Faint blush permitted.

STYLE C STYLE C Slight skin discolouration is permitted. Moderate blush permitted.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 63 REFERENCE GUIDE

GOLDEN DELICIOUS HAIL DAMAGE JONATHAN SHAPE Hail damage usually shows as healed damage on the skin of apples. The severity of the Shape means the natural formation of the fruit. Shape for any variety may be more blemish is related to the size, shape and impact of the hail, and when in the growing elongated or more flat as a consequence of climatic conditions. season the damage occurred. Most damage shows as a scar level with the skin surface or as a raised wart, although severe damage early in the season can lead to misshapen fruit. Hail damage which has not completely healed should never be packed.

STYLE A STYLE A No hail marks are permitted. Typical of elongated for the variety.

STYLE B Healed hail marks less than 0.5 cm STYLE B at maximum diameter, and no more Typical of round or semi squat for than 1 square cm in aggregate on any the variety. one apple.

STYLE C Healed hail a no more than 2 square STYLE C cm in total. Typical of flat or squat for the variety.

64 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A No hail marks are permitted. Typical of elongated for the variety.

STYLE B Healed hail marks less than 0.5 cm STYLE B at maximum diameter, and no more Typical of round or semi squat for than 1 square cm in aggregate on any the variety. one apple.

STYLE C Healed hail a no more than 2 square STYLE C cm in total. Typical of flat or squat for the variety.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 65 REFERENCE GUIDE

JONATHAN MISSHAPE JONATHAN COLOUR Misshapen fruit is usually due to poor pollination. Another cause of misshapen fruit is Colour in this guide refers to the main foreground colour which characterises the variety, when the apple is damaged early in the growing season by frost, hail, insects, etc. The not the background colour. This page refers to the amount of the surface which is coloured damaged area does not grow at the same rate as the rest of the apple and the fruit according to the style. becomes distorted in shape.

STYLE A STYLE A No misshapen apples permitted. greater than 80 % red on Jonathan.

STYLE B STYLE B Slight degree of irregularity in Greater than 60 % red on Jonathan. shape is permitted.

STYLE C STYLE C Moderate degree of irregularity in Greater than 40 % red on Jonathan. shape is permitted.

66 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A No misshapen apples permitted. greater than 80 % red on Jonathan.

STYLE B STYLE B Slight degree of irregularity in Greater than 60 % red on Jonathan. shape is permitted.

STYLE C STYLE C Moderate degree of irregularity in Greater than 40 % red on Jonathan. shape is permitted.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 67 REFERENCE GUIDE

JONATHAN SKIN MARKS JONATHAN RUSSET Skin marks have numerous causes, including healed limb rub, cuts, punctures and pest Russet is the healed scar tissue on the skin of apples which results from various forms of damage, and mechanical damage which occurs during the harvesting and packing damage such as frost. Varieties differ in their susceptibility to russet, and some have russet processes. Limb rub is the most common and is caused by the movement of apples in which is a characteristic of the variety. the wind and rubbing against spurs, twigs, bark, leaves, etc. The shape of the mark can be irregular and may appear on a number of places on the apple. No fruit which has unhealed injury shall be packed.

STYLE A STYLE A No skin marks permitted. Less than 0.5 square cm is permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Less than 1.0 square cm in area, Less than 1.5 square cm is permitted. no more than 1 cm in length.

STYLE C Less than 1 square cm in area, no STYLE C more than 2 cm in length. less than 2.5 square cm is permitted.

68 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A No skin marks permitted. Less than 0.5 square cm is permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Less than 1.0 square cm in area, Less than 1.5 square cm is permitted. no more than 1 cm in length.

STYLE C Less than 1 square cm in area, no STYLE C more than 2 cm in length. less than 2.5 square cm is permitted.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 69 REFERENCE GUIDE

JONATHAN SUNBURN JONATHAN HAIL DAMAGE Excessive exposure to direct sunlight can damage apples. The level of damage depends Hail damage usually shows as healed damage on the skin of apples. The severity of the on the duration, frequency and intensity of sunlight, and the susceptibility of the variety. blemish is related to the size, shape and impact of the hail, and when in the growing Light sunburn leads only to slight skin discolouration. Severe sunburn also damages the season the damage occurred. Most damage shows as a scar level with the skin surface flesh of the fruit directly beneath more severe skin discolouration. or as a raised wart, although severe damage early in the season can lead to misshapen fruit. Hail damage which has not completely healed should never be packed.

STYLE A STYLE A No sunburn permitted. No hail marks are permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Faint tonal change permitted. Healed hail marks less than 0.5 cm at maximum diameter, and no more than 1 square cm in aggregate on any one apple.

STYLE C STYLE C Slight skin discolouration is permitted. Healed marks no more than 2 square cm in total.

70 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A No sunburn permitted. No hail marks are permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Faint tonal change permitted. Healed hail marks less than 0.5 cm at maximum diameter, and no more than 1 square cm in aggregate on any one apple.

STYLE C STYLE C Slight skin discolouration is permitted. Healed marks no more than 2 square cm in total.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 71 REFERENCE GUIDE

LADY WILLIAMS SHAPE LADY WILLIAMS MISSHAPE Shape means the natural formation of the fruit. Shape for any variety may be more Misshapen fruit is usually due to poor pollination. Another cause of misshapen fruit is elongated or more flat as a consequence of climatic conditions. when the apple is damaged early in the growing season by frost, hail, insects, etc. The damaged area does not grow at the same rate as the rest of the apple and the fruit becomes distorted in shape.

STYLE A STYLE A Typical of elongated for the variety. No misshapen apples permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Typical of round or semi squat for Slight degree of irregularity in shape the variety. is permitted.

STYLE C STYLE C Typical of flat or squat for the variety. Moderate degree of irregularity in shape is permitted.

72 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A Typical of elongated for the variety. No misshapen apples permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Typical of round or semi squat for Slight degree of irregularity in shape the variety. is permitted.

STYLE C STYLE C Typical of flat or squat for the variety. Moderate degree of irregularity in shape is permitted.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 73 REFERENCE GUIDE

LADY WILLIAMS COLOUR LADY WILLIAMS SKIN MARKS Colour in this guide refers to the main foreground colour which characterises the variety, Skin marks have numerous causes, including healed limb rub, cuts, punctures and pest not the background colour. This page refers to the amount of the surface which is coloured damage, and mechanical damage which occurs during the harvesting and packing according to the style. processes. Limb rub is the most common and is caused by the movement of apples in the wind and rubbing against spurs, twigs, bark, leaves, etc. The shape of the mark can be irregular and may appear on a number of places on the apple. No fruit which has unhealed injury shall be packed.

STYLE A STYLE A greater than 80 % red on Lady Williams No skin marks permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Greater than 65 % red on Lady Williams. Less than 1.0 square cm in area, no more than 1 cm in length.

STYLE C STYLE C Greater than 50 % red on Lady Williams. Less than 1 square cm in area, no more than 2 cm in length.

74 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A greater than 80 % red on Lady Williams No skin marks permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Greater than 65 % red on Lady Williams. Less than 1.0 square cm in area, no more than 1 cm in length.

STYLE C STYLE C Greater than 50 % red on Lady Williams. Less than 1 square cm in area, no more than 2 cm in length.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 75 REFERENCE GUIDE

LADY WILLIAMS RUSSET LADY WILLIAMS SUNBURN Russet is the healed scar tissue on the skin of apples which results from various forms of Excessive exposure to direct sunlight can damage apples. The level of damage depends damage such as frost. Varieties differ in their susceptibility to russet, and some have russet on the duration, frequency and intensity of sunlight, and the susceptibility of the variety. which is a characteristic of the variety. Light sunburn leads only to slight skin discolouration. Severe sunburn also damages the flesh of the fruit directly beneath more severe skin discolouration.

STYLE A STYLE A 0.5 square cm is permitted. No sunburn permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Less than 1.5 square cm is permitted. Faint tonal change permitted.

STYLE C STYLE C Less than 2.5 square cm is permitted. Slight skin discolouration is permitted.

76 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A 0.5 square cm is permitted. No sunburn permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Less than 1.5 square cm is permitted. Faint tonal change permitted.

STYLE C STYLE C Less than 2.5 square cm is permitted. Slight skin discolouration is permitted.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 77 REFERENCE GUIDE

LADY WILLIAMS HAIL DAMAGE PINK LADY® SHAPE Hail damage usually shows as healed damage on the skin of apples. The severity of the Shape means the natural formation of the fruit. Shape for any variety may be more blemish is related to the size, shape and impact of the hail, and when in the growing elongated or more flat as a consequence of climatic conditions. season the damage occurred. Most damage shows as a scar level with the skin surface or as a raised wart, although severe damage early in the season can lead to misshapen fruit. Hail damage which has not completely healed should never be packed.

STYLE A STYLE A No hail marks are permitted. Typical of elongated for the variety.

STYLE B STYLE B Healed hail marks less than 0.5 cm at Typical of round or semi squat for maximum diameter, and no more than 1 the variety. square cm in aggregate on any one apple.

STYLE C STYLE C Healed marks no more than 2 square Typical of flat or squat for the variety. cm in total.

78 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A No hail marks are permitted. Typical of elongated for the variety.

STYLE B STYLE B Healed hail marks less than 0.5 cm at Typical of round or semi squat for maximum diameter, and no more than 1 the variety. square cm in aggregate on any one apple.

STYLE C STYLE C Healed marks no more than 2 square Typical of flat or squat for the variety. cm in total.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 79 REFERENCE GUIDE

PINK LADY® MISSHAPE PINK LADY® COLOUR Misshapen fruit is usually due to poor pollination. Another cause of misshapen fruit is Colour in this guide refers to the main foreground colour which characterises the variety, when the apple is damaged early in the growing season by frost, hail, insects, etc. The not the background colour. This page refers to the amount of the surface which is coloured damaged area does not grow at the same rate as the rest of the apple and the fruit according to the style. becomes distorted in shape.

STYLE A STYLE A No misshapen apple permitted. greater than 80 % pink on Pink Lady.

STYLE B STYLE B Slight degree of irregularity in shape greater than 60 % pink on Pink Lady. is permitted.

STYLE C STYLE C Moderate degree of irregularity in greater than 40 % pink on Pink Lady. shape is permitted.

80 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A No misshapen apple permitted. greater than 80 % pink on Pink Lady.

STYLE B STYLE B Slight degree of irregularity in shape greater than 60 % pink on Pink Lady. is permitted.

STYLE C STYLE C Moderate degree of irregularity in greater than 40 % pink on Pink Lady. shape is permitted.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 81 REFERENCE GUIDE

PINK LADY® SKIN MARKS PINK LADY® RUSSET Skin marks have numerous causes, including healed limb rub, cuts, punctures and pest Russet is the healed scar tissue on the skin of apples which results from various forms of damage, and mechanical damage which occurs during the harvesting and packing damage such as frost. Varieties differ in their susceptibility to russet, and some have russet processes. Limb rub is the most common and is caused by the movement of apples in which is a characteristic of the variety. the wind and rubbing against spurs, twigs, bark, leaves, etc. The shape of the mark can be irregular and may appear on a number of places on the apple. No fruit which has unhealed injury shall be packed.

STYLE A STYLE A No skin marks permitted. 0.5 square cm is permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Less than 1.0 square cm in area, no Less than 1.5 square cm is permitted. more than 1 cm in length.

STYLE C STYLE C Less than 1 square cm in area, Less than 2.5 square cm is permitted. no more than 2cm in length.

82 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A No skin marks permitted. 0.5 square cm is permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Less than 1.0 square cm in area, no Less than 1.5 square cm is permitted. more than 1 cm in length.

STYLE C STYLE C Less than 1 square cm in area, Less than 2.5 square cm is permitted. no more than 2cm in length.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 83 REFERENCE GUIDE

PINK LADY® SUNBURN PINK LADY® HAIL DAMAGE Excessive exposure to direct sunlight can damage apples. The level of damage depends Hail damage usually shows as healed damage on the skin of apples. The severity of the on the duration, frequency and intensity of sunlight, and the susceptibility of the variety. blemish is related to the size, shape and impact of the hail, and when in the growing Light sunburn leads only to slight skin discolouration. Severe sunburn also damages the season the damage occurred. Most damage shows as a scar level with the skin surface flesh of the fruit directly beneath more severe skin discolouration. or as a raised wart, although severe damage early in the season can lead to misshapen fruit. Hail damage which has not completely healed should never be packed.

STYLE A STYLE A No sunburn permitted. No hail marks are permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Faint tonal change permitted. Healed hail marks less than 0.5 cm at maximum diameter, and no more than 1 square cm in aggregate on any one apple.

STYLE C STYLE C Slight skin discolouration is permitted. Healed marks no more than 2 square cm in total.

84 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A No sunburn permitted. No hail marks are permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Faint tonal change permitted. Healed hail marks less than 0.5 cm at maximum diameter, and no more than 1 square cm in aggregate on any one apple.

STYLE C STYLE C Slight skin discolouration is permitted. Healed marks no more than 2 square cm in total.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 85 REFERENCE GUIDE

RED DELICIOUS SHAPE RED DELICIOUS MISSHAPE Shape means the natural formation of the fruit. Shape for any variety may be more Misshapen fruit is usually due to poor pollination. Another cause of misshapen fruit is elongated or more flat as a consequence of climatic conditions. when the apple is damaged early in the growing season by frost, hail, insects, etc. The damaged area does not grow at the same rate as the rest of the apple and the fruit becomes distorted in shape.

STYLE A STYLE A Typical of elongated for the variety. No mishapen apples permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Typical of round or semi squat for the Slight degree of irregularity in variety. shape is permitted.

STYLE C Typical of flat or squat for the STYLE C variety. Moderate degree of irregularity in shape is permitted.

86 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A Typical of elongated for the variety. No mishapen apples permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Typical of round or semi squat for the Slight degree of irregularity in variety. shape is permitted.

STYLE C Typical of flat or squat for the STYLE C variety. Moderate degree of irregularity in shape is permitted.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 87 REFERENCE GUIDE

RED DELICIOUS COLOUR - BLOCK RED DELICIOUS COLOUR - STRIPE Colour in this guide refers to the main foreground colour which characterises the variety, Colour in this guide refers to the main foreground colour which characterises the variety, not the background colour. This page refers to the amount of the surface which is coloured not the background colour. This page refers to the amount of the surface which is coloured according to the style. according to the style.

STYLE A STYLE A greater than 95 % on block red greater than 80 % red on stripe delicious varieties. Red Delicious varieties.

STYLE B STYLE B greater than 85 % on block red greater than 70 % red on striped delicious varieties. Red Delicious varieties.

STYLE C STYLE C greater than 75 % on block red Greater than 60 % red on striped delicious varieties. Red Delicious varieties.

88 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A greater than 95 % on block red greater than 80 % red on stripe delicious varieties. Red Delicious varieties.

STYLE B STYLE B greater than 85 % on block red greater than 70 % red on striped delicious varieties. Red Delicious varieties.

STYLE C STYLE C greater than 75 % on block red Greater than 60 % red on striped delicious varieties. Red Delicious varieties.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 89 REFERENCE GUIDE

RED DELICIOUS SKIN MARKS RED DELICIOUS RUSSET Skin marks have numerous causes, including healed limb rub, cuts, punctures and pest Russet is the healed scar tissue on the skin of apples which results from various forms of damage, and mechanical damage which occurs during the harvesting and packing damage such as frost. Varieties differ in their susceptibility to russet, and some have russet processes. Limb rub is the most common and is caused by the movement of apples in which is a characteristic of the variety. the wind and rubbing against spurs, twigs, bark, leaves, etc. The shape of the mark can be irregular and may appear on a number of places on the apple. No fruit which has unhealed injury shall be packed.

STYLE A STYLE A No skin marks permitted. 0.5 square cm is permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Less than 1.0 square cm in area, Less than 1.5 square cm is permitted. no more than 1 cm in length.

STYLE C STYLE C Less than 2cm in length. Less than 2.5 square cm is permitted.

90 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A No skin marks permitted. 0.5 square cm is permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Less than 1.0 square cm in area, Less than 1.5 square cm is permitted. no more than 1 cm in length.

STYLE C STYLE C Less than 2cm in length. Less than 2.5 square cm is permitted.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 91 REFERENCE GUIDE

RED DELICIOUS SUNBURN RED DELICIOUS HAIL DAMAGE Excessive exposure to direct sunlight can damage apples. The level of damage depends Hail damage usually shows as healed damage on the skin of apples. The severity of the on the duration, frequency and intensity of sunlight, and the susceptibility of the variety. blemish is related to the size, shape and impact of the hail, and when in the growing Light sunburn leads only to slight skin discolouration. Severe sunburn also damages the season the damage occurred. Most damage shows as a scar level with the skin surface flesh of the fruit directly beneath more severe skin discolouration. or as a raised wart, although severe damage early in the season can lead to misshapen fruit. Hail damage which has not completely healed should never be packed.

STYLE A STYLE A No sunburn permitted. No hail marks are permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Faint tonal change permitted. Healed hail marks less than 0.5 cm at maximum diameter, and no more than 1 square cm in aggregate on any one apple.

STYLE C STYLE C Slight skin discolouration is permitted. Healed marks no more than 2 square cm in total.

92 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A No sunburn permitted. No hail marks are permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Faint tonal change permitted. Healed hail marks less than 0.5 cm at maximum diameter, and no more than 1 square cm in aggregate on any one apple.

STYLE C STYLE C Slight skin discolouration is permitted. Healed marks no more than 2 square cm in total.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 93 REFERENCE GUIDE

ROYAL GALA SHAPE ROYAL GALA MISSHAPE Shape means the natural formation of the fruit. Shape for any variety may be more Misshapen fruit is usually due to poor pollination. Another cause of misshapen fruit is elongated or more flat as a consequence of climatic conditions. when the apple is damaged early in the growing season by frost, hail, insects, etc. The damaged area does not grow at the same rate as the rest of the apple and the fruit becomes distorted in shape.

STYLE A STYLE A Typical of elongated for the variety. No misshapen fruit permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Typical of round or semi squat for the Slight degree of irregularity in variety. shape is permitted.

STYLE C STYLE C Typical of flat or squat for the variety. Moderate degree of irregularity in shape is permitted.

94 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A Typical of elongated for the variety. No misshapen fruit permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B Typical of round or semi squat for the Slight degree of irregularity in variety. shape is permitted.

STYLE C STYLE C Typical of flat or squat for the variety. Moderate degree of irregularity in shape is permitted.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 95 REFERENCE GUIDE

ROYAL GALA COLOUR ROYAL GALA SKIN MARKS Colour in this guide refers to the main foreground colour which characterises the variety, Skin marks have numerous causes, including healed limb rub, cuts, punctures and pest not the background colour. This page refers to the amount of the surface which is coloured damage, and mechanical damage which occurs during the harvesting and packing according to the style. processes. Limb rub is the most common and is caused by the movement of apples in the wind and rubbing against spurs, twigs, bark, leaves, etc. The shape of the mark can be irregular and may appear on a number of places on the apple. No fruit which has unhealed injury shall be packed.

STYLE A STYLE A greater than 80 % red on Royal gala. No skin marks permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B greater than 60 % red on Royal gala. Less than 1.0 square cm in area, no more than 1 cm in length.

STYLE C STYLE C greater than 40 % red on Royal gala. Less than 1 square cm in area, no more than 2 cm in length.

96 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A greater than 80 % red on Royal gala. No skin marks permitted.

STYLE B STYLE B greater than 60 % red on Royal gala. Less than 1.0 square cm in area, no more than 1 cm in length.

STYLE C STYLE C greater than 40 % red on Royal gala. Less than 1 square cm in area, no more than 2 cm in length.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 97 REFERENCE GUIDE

ROYAL GALA RUSSET ROYAL GALA SUNBURN Russet is the healed scar tissue on the skin of apples which results from various forms of Excessive exposure to direct sunlight can damage apples. The level of damage depends damage such as frost. Varieties differ in their susceptibility to russet, and some have russet on the duration, frequency and intensity of sunlight, and the susceptibility of the variety. which is a characteristic of the variety. Light sunburn leads only to slight skin discolouration. Severe sunburn also damages the flesh of the fruit directly beneath more severe skin discolouration.

STYLE A STYLE A Less than 0.5 square cm is permitted. No sunburn.

STYLE B STYLE B Less than 1.5 square cm is permitted. Faint tonal change permitted.

STYLE C STYLE C Less than 2.5 square cm is permitted. Slight skin discolouration is permitted.

98 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES REFERENCE GUIDE

STYLE A STYLE A Less than 0.5 square cm is permitted. No sunburn.

STYLE B STYLE B Less than 1.5 square cm is permitted. Faint tonal change permitted.

STYLE C STYLE C Less than 2.5 square cm is permitted. Slight skin discolouration is permitted.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES 99 REFERENCE GUIDE

ROYAL GALA HAIL DAMAGE Hail damage usually shows as healed damage on the skin of apples. The severity of the blemish is related to the size, shape and impact of the hail, and when in the growing season the damage occurred. Most damage shows as a scar level with the skin surface or as a raised wart, although severe damage early in the season can lead to misshapen fruit. Hail damage which has not completely healed should never be packed.

STYLE A No hail marks are permitted.

STYLE B Healed hail marks less than 0.5 cm at maximum diameter, and no more than 1 square cm in aggregate on any one apple.

STYLE C Healed marks no more than 2 square cm in total.

100 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE | APPLES