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Home , Ambrosia (apple), Braeburn, Creston (apple), Enterprise (apple), Fuji (apple), Ginger Gold

Apple : The newer cultivars that we recommend for A Geneva Perspective careful testing by growers in New York include Susan Brown and Kevin Maloney ‘’, ‘’, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cornell University, ‘Corail’, ‘Sansa’, and New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY ‘Zestar’. Other discussed in this article This work was funded in part by the New York State may also have limited Apple Research and Development Program. opportunities depending on the grower’s market and customer acceptance. unding from the New York Apple Highland site is for assessment of disease Research and Development and pest susceptibility. The 1995 planting Fprogram (ARDP) and the New York includes the following varieties and Apple Association (NYAA) aids our advanced selections: ‘Arlet’, ‘Braeburn’ the fruits are slightly square. It has been evaluation research on the performance (control), ‘’, ‘’, described as very attractive, of good size, of new cultivars and breeding selections. ‘’, ‘Fortune’, ‘’ (BC#2), crisp, sweet, low acid, very juicy, distinct This article features some of the cultivars ‘Yataka Fuji’ (control), ‘ Supreme’, but mild, with a pleasant aroma. It has we have evaluated and offers information ‘’, ‘’ been rated well in test trials. Trees are on other cultivars that are either not (control), ‘Golden Supreme’, ‘Goldrush’, productive, upright, spur-type and available for testing or are not ‘’, NY 75414-1, ‘Orin’, grower friendly. Trees should not be recommended for our region, particularly ‘Pristine’, ‘Sansa’, ‘Shizuka’, ‘Suncrisp’ overcropped early. Two harvests are in regard to having too long a growing and’‘Sunrise’. Information on the recommended. The high sugar content season requirement. Selections from the performance of these cultivars was can cause splitting following autumn Cornell program will be featured in a reviewed in the Fruit Quarterly (Brown rains. Storage life is reported to be four subsequent article. Growers interested in et al., 1999). The 1999 NE183 planting months in 0°C air and six months in C.A. additional information on any of the features: ‘Ambrosia’, ’Autumn Gold’, BC ‘Ambrosia’ was reported to have a slight cultivars listed are encouraged to contact 8S-26-50, ‘Chinook’, ‘Sundancer’ (Coop tendency to sunburn. Fruits have a pink/ the authors or to access the US Patent and 29), Coop 39, CQR 10-T17, CQR 12-T50, red blush on a cream/yellow Trademark Office at http:// ‘Delblush’, ‘Jubilee Fuji’, ‘Hampshire’, background, with exposed fruits coloring patents.cnidr.org/access/search- NJ 90, NJ 109, NY 79507-49, NY 79507- 70 to 80 percent. There are some bool.html/. A search using “apple tree”, 72, ‘Pink Lady’, ‘’, ‘Runkel’, indications that ‘Ambrosia’ is very site the patent number, or the name ‘Silken’ and ‘Zestar’. ‘Golden Delicious’ specific. provides access to a summary or a full text (‘Gibson’) was the control cultivar. ‘Ambrosia’ was harvested on 10/15/ version of the patent application. The 01 in Geneva. Fruits have 50 to 80 percent home page is at http://www.uspto.gov/ ‘Ambrosia’ (‘Mennells Ambrosia’): dull orangish pink/red on yellow and are Information on cultivars being tested (USPP#10,789). A oblate to conic in shape with slight lobing. as part of the NE183 regional project, discovered in the 1980s in Cawston, “Multidisciplinary evaluation of new British Columbia in an area where both apple cultivars” is available at the virtual ‘Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ trees orchard website (http://www. were growing. The name ‘Ambrosia’ was virtualorchard.net/NE183/). The 1995 chosen to denote its unique, honey-like and 1999 plantings were established at flavor. ‘Ambrosia’s shape, appearance Geneva, Ithaca and Highland, NY. The and harvest are similar to ‘Delicious’, but

‘Arlet’ ‘Braeburn’ ‘Creston’

NEW YORK FRUIT QUARTERLY • VOLUME 10 NUMBER 2 • 2002 21 Fruits have long stems and an open calyx. They were judged as still crisp and firm after storage to mid-December and after a 7-day shelf life test, but had little flavor or a slightly musty flavor. Fruits were 12.5% Brix and 17-18 pounds firmness just after storage. No storage disorders were noted other than one occurrence of brown core. ‘Ambrosia’s texture, firmness, storage life (except for some greasiness) and high pack-outs are all strengths, but ‘Enterprise’ ‘Fuji’ the mild flavor may be a negative if it is considered to be too bland. Limited test planting is recommended for those who BRAEBURN age. Young trees are susceptible to bitter have a market for mild flavored yet crisp ‘Braeburn’: Although a challenging pit. apples. variety to grow, its excellent quality ‘Chinook’ (8S-27-51):’(USPP# ‘Arlet’ (‘Swiss Gourmet’): following storage and its ability to retain 10,740). A 1998 release from Summerland, (USPP#6,689). ‘Arlet’s good quality is no firmness on the shelf are reasons to give British Columbia (Quamme et al., 1999). match for poor appearance due to this cultivar a test. Sports include: It is a hybrid of ‘’ x ‘Gala’ that russetting. Not recommended for trial. ‘Braestar™’ (‘Brayleet’ ): Limb was selected for its firmness, crispness ‘Autumn Gold’ TM (‘Hein’): mutation of ‘Braeburn’ discovered in and quality. Fruits are 80 to 90 percent (USPP#9,907) A chance seedling Havelock North, New Zealand. Redder bright red on yellow and have excellent discovered in Tieton, in 1985. color and ripens 3 to 5 days earlier than appearance, texture, quality and storage It is a late maturing ‘Golden Delicious’ standard ‘Braeburn’. attributes. It is harvested about 5 days type with an attractive red blush on a ‘Joburn™ Braeburn’ (‘Aurora’): after ‘Delicious’. Over 3,000 trees of yellow/green ground. ‘Autumn Gold’ (USPP#11,992). Sport of standard ‘Chinook’ have been planted in Canada. matures about two weeks later than ‘Braeburn’ discovered in New Zealand. Skin and stem bowl russet, skin shrivel, ‘Golden Delicious’. Fruit size and shape ‘Eve™ Braeburn’: (USPP#11,604). and moldy core have been reported. are reported to be uniform and fruits are Natural mutation of ‘Braeburn’ ‘Chinook’ tends to overset. Fruit size not prone to russetting. It is said to have discovered in New Zealand with 90 to has been very small at Geneva even after better than average storage life when 100% red blush. Reported to have a thinning. Fruits are pale brownish red and compared to other Goldens. The tree is of slightly later maturity than standard 2.5 inches or less in size. Fruits have medium vigor with spreading branches. ‘Braeburn’. prominent and the fruit russet Fruits were prone to russetting at ‘Kumeu Crimson Braeburn’: A new resembles scarf skin. Some fruit cracking Geneva in 2000. ‘Autumn Gold’ was listing that is not yet in the patent was observed. After storage, ‘Chinook’ harvested on 10/10/01 and found to pick database. was still crisp, firm and sweet. In 2001, hard. Fruits had an attractive appearance, ‘Lochbuie Braeburn’: fruits were free from storage disorders. being 30 percent salmon colored blush on (USPP#11,266). A highly colored blushed Only growers willing to gamble on their green, with slight russet in the stem cavity sport of ‘Braeburn’ discovered in New ability to thin ‘Chinook’ should test plant and some on the lenticels. Fruits have Zealand. Distinct in that it does not have this variety. It appears to be worse than long stems but are difficult to harvest. The the standard stripe and fleck, but instead ‘Gala’ in having a genetic tendency calyx was open on some fruits (and closed is a blush. towards heavy cropping and small fruit on others). Fruits did not store well for ‘Mariri Red’: (USPP#11,604). A limb size. quality, had thick skins and were chalky mutation of standard ‘Braeburn’ ‘Corail’™ (formerly ‘Pinova’) (Pia and mild. No storage disorders were discovered in New Zealand. The dark red 11, 24 ). (USPP#11, 601). A hybrid of noted. coloration is nearly 100 percent and it is a (‘Duchess of Oldenberg’ x Cox’s Orange BC 8S-26-50. A hybrid of ‘Gala’ x solid blush type. Pippin’) x ‘Golden Delicious’ that was ‘Splendour’ developed in Summerland, ‘Rocket Red™ Braeburn’: introduced by the Fruit Research Institute British Columbia. It ripens one week after (USPPAF). A sport of standard ‘Braeburn’ in Dresden, Germany, in 1986. ‘Corail’ has ‘Delicious’. It has been in advanced trials discovered in New Zealand that is distinct a spicy flavor and fruits are small to in Canada since 1990. At Geneva, this in having a very intense blush and narrow medium in size. ‘Corail’ is reported to selection was harvested on 10/25/01. and intense stripes. All other have outstanding flavor, matures with Fruit appearance was very poor, with characteristics are the same as standard. ‘Golden Delicious’, medium size, extensive russet and some cracking. Fruits fluorescent pinkish-red, very productive; were a dull, pale reddish-brown, and ‘Cameo’ (‘Caudle’): (USPP#9,068). crops regularly every year. The medium some were irregular in shape. Following This cultivar offers mild flavor, good to low vigor may necessitate a more storage, BC 8S-26-50 was still crisp and storage and good crispness. Its vigorous rootstock than M.9. Its slightly juicy, but some fruit shrivel appearance is similar to ‘Hawkeye’, the susceptibility to diseases is similar to that occurred. Many rots developed in storage, original ‘Delicious’. ‘Cameo’ sets five of ‘Golden Delicious’. Initial tests in with some fruits having slight brown core. fruits per cluster, so overcropping is a Europe suggest this variety might have BC 8S-26-50 is not recommended for trial concern especially to prevent biennial good market acceptance and some due to russetting, poor fruit appearance bearing. The flavor on young bearing resistance to winter and spring frosts. and susceptibility to storage rots. trees is poor, but improves as the trees Preliminary tests at Geneva indicate 22 NEW YORK STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY ‘Fuji Lynd Spur’ (‘Fuji Spike’): (USPP#9,508). A mutation of ‘Fuji’ with a spur type and semi-growth habit discovered in Ohio by Mitch Lynd. ‘Myra Fuji’: (USPP#9,645). Pinkish red color that extends over the entire fruit surface and overlain with slightly darker, pink-red stripes. ‘Myra Fuji’ is earlier coloring and earlier maturing. ‘Goldrush’ ‘Orin’ ‘September Wonder™ Fuji’ (Formerly ‘Jubilee Fuji’™ (‘Fiero’): (USPP#11,193). Discovered as a whole that ‘Corail’ may be prone to necrotic leaf 2000, with only a few fruits with extensive tree mutation of an early ‘Fuji’. Reported blotch and fruits may develop soft scald. russet and cracking. Some fruits had an to mature 30 to 40 days earlier than Trees are very precocious. ‘Corail’ was off-flavor but were still firm and crisp. standard ‘Fuji’, to have typical ‘Fuji’ harvested on 10/5/01 in Geneva. Some Sectors of color and russet were evident flavor, but keeping qualities similar to fruits had extensive russet and fruit on some fruits. Test planting is ‘Gala’. Fruits were harvested on 9/19/01 acidity is high (0.45). The skin is aromatic, recommended due to the good fruit in Geneva and were very pale, brownish- but some testers considered it astringent. quality, but only if russet can be managed pink and of poor quality. Fruits had a Fruits had 12 + seeds and also very long by site selection or by the use of closed calyx and not much russet. After stems. The cream flesh was still crisp but appropriate cultural methods or sprays. storage until December, fruits were found becoming soft after storage until January, ‘Fortune’: (USPP#11,000). This to have slight brown core, very bad off yet they were still slightly spicy. Fruits hybrid of ‘’ x ‘Schoharie Spy’ has flavor and undesirable texture. This sport held up well, with only slight shrivel some of the ‘Spy’ problems: large fruit should be marketed early and not stored following storage. Limited test planting and tree size, bitter pit and biennial late, if grown at all. is recommended due to quality, bearing, but still is of interest as a true ‘Sun Fuji’: Reported to color earlier productivity and prospects for hardiness, dual use variety that has some of the ‘Spy’ and more fully. but growers need to assess the size spiciness and quality. ‘Topexport® Fuji’ (‘Snyder’): potential and tendency towards soft scald (USPP#12,098). A sport of ‘BC#2 Fuji’ development under their conditions. ‘FUJI’: New Sports discovered by C&O Nursery. Selected for ‘Creston’: (USPP#10,739). Its Some of the older sports of ‘Fuji’ its deep color and heavy stripes. similarity to ‘’ in being a triploid, include: BC #2, Naga-fu 2, 6, and 12, Aki- ‘Triple E Fuji’ (‘Torres Fuji’): having poor coloration, and fruit that fu #1, ‘Seiko-fu Red Fuji’, ‘Red Fuji T.A.C. (USPPP# 12,219). This sport is soften and get greasy in storage are 114’ (USPP#8,032) and ‘Yataka’ characterized by fruit almost solid red in disadvantages. (USPP#7,001). Newer sports include: color with no striping. It matures earlier ‘Delblush’ TM (USPP#10, 276). A ‘Autumn Rose Fuji’: (USPPAF). A than BC#2. hybrid of ‘Golden Delicious’ x ‘Blushing whole tree ‘Fuji’ mutation discovered in Golden’ (cv. ‘Grifer’) developed by the Oregon. Reported to have 90 to 100 ‘GALA’: New Sports: Delbard Nursery in France. The patent percent red color without the muddiness The interest in new and improved states that the attractive fruits are of typically associated with ‘Fuji’. Striping sports of ‘Gala’ is all too reminiscent of excellent flavor and texture, and that the is similar to Nagafu 12. ‘Delicious’. As we increase color, we may orange blush is dependent on adequate ‘Auvil Early Fuji’™ (‘Fuji 216’): be lessening the characteristic aroma and sun exposure. The flesh of the fruit resists (USPP#10,141). In Washington, this sport quality. Also as color increases, so does browning. The harvest time is mid- to was harvested the first week of the prevalence of stem cavity and late-season (about one to two weeks after September, several weeks ahead of shoulder russet and scarf skin. Darker ‘Golden Delicious’) and the storage life standard ‘Fuji’. sports may bear little resemblance to is good. ‘Delblush’ is being marketed ‘Beni Shogun Fuji’: (USPP#7,997). ‘Gala’ and should be avoided. through a club, with growers licensed and Originated in Japan in 1988. Exposed ‘Autumn Gala’ (‘Harry Black’): paying a production-based royalty. fruits have an overall pinkish color. (USPPAF). Discovered in Maryland, it is russet has been observed in ‘Blaze™ Fuji’: (USPPAF). A sport of reported to ripen 5 to 6 weeks later than Washington State. ‘Delblush’ is ‘Nagafu 6’ that shows blush and stripes ‘Gala’ and is 18-23 pounds at harvest.’ susceptible to storage scald. on the back of the fruit. ‘Blaze Fuji’ is ‘Big Red Gala’: (USPP #10,458). ‘Delblush’ was harvested on 10/19/ bright pink, not the liver color of some Discovered in Indiana as a limb sport of 01 in Geneva. While the quality is very sports. ‘Gala’. Distinct in its larger fruit size, good, the appearance can be quite poor ‘Coe Fuji’ (‘Ebbourcoe’): (USPPAF). attractive medium red blush, larger leaves due to russetting. The slightly oblong Discovered as a whole tree sport of B.C. and rounder fruit than standard ‘Gala’. fruits had 40 percent orange red blush, Fuji in Washington. Has a solid red blush. ‘Brookfield Gala’ (‘Baigent’): long stems and a slightly open calyx. ‘Desert Rose Fuji’:(USPPAF). A (USPP#10,016). Discovered in New Fruits were still crisp and slightly spicy whole tree mutation of ‘Fuji’ discovered Zealand. Reported to have a bold red just after storage with 16.6% Brix and 17 in Washington. Fruit color is 80 to 100 stripe over a red background. to 21 pounds firmness. Fruit acidity was percent reddish/pink. Chosen for its ‘Buckeye® Gala’ (‘Simmons’): high. Some shriveling was observed in excellent blush and coloration in shaded (USPP#10,840). A sport of ‘Imperial Gala’ storage. In 2001, russet was less than in areas of the tree. discovered in Ohio. Reported to have 100 NEW YORK FRUIT QUARTERLY • VOLUME 10 NUMBER 2 • 2002 23 percent red with an understripe. In control. Cultivars tested included: Geneva, the fruit coloration was too dark ’‘Smoothie Golden Delicious’ (‘Gibson’), and there was extensive scarf skin and ‘Autumn Gold’, ‘Elliot’, ‘Golden Glory’, shoulder russetting. ‘Golden Supreme’, Goldrush’, ‘Shizuka’, ‘Crimson® Gala’ (‘Waliser’ ): Stark Ultragold’ and ‘Suncrisp’. These (USPP#8,673). Early coloring blush type, trials will provide additional information but lesser colored fruits show light red from commercial sites. pinstripes. ‘Golden Supreme’: A very attractive ‘Gale Gala®’ (‘Malaga’): (USPP# and aromatic ‘Golden Delicious’ type that 10, 114). A whole tree sport of ‘Tenroy is often of low productivity. Poor Gala’ (USPP #4,121) discovered in pollination may be the cause. It is not ‘Suncrisp’ Washington. ‘Gale Gala’ is reported to recommended for trial, but its be a one- or two-pick ‘Gala’. Fruit have productivity in the demonstration 90 to 100 percent full red color with deep plantings will be evaluated. red striping ‘Hampshire’ (‘Gould’): (USPP ‘Grand Galaxy™’ (‘Caitlin’): #8,519). A chance seedling found in a (USPPAF). Discovered as a partial tree ‘Delicious’ block in New Hampshire in mutation of ‘Royal Gala’ in Tennessee. the late 1980s. Fruit size is stated to exceed that of the ‘Hampshire’ ripens with ‘Empire’ or parent on the original mutation by 50 early sports of ‘Delicious’. It has a semi- percent. Trees may bloom, and fruits may spur growth habit. Fruits are very mature slightly earlier than ‘Royal Gala’. attractive with 90 to 100 percent ‘Magnum® Gala’ (‘Stiekema 1’): burgundy red color with little or no (USPP#11,182). In comparison to striping. ‘Hampshire’ is reported to be Obragala, fruit is significantly larger, with very precocious and productive. It is not a deeper, wider cavity. Stems are longer as sensitive to high temperatures as and thicker. There is intense red ‘McIntosh’. coloration on 90 to 100 percent of the fruit. Harvested on 10/22/01 in Geneva. ‘Shizuka’ Young leaves are bronze in color. Trees It is 95 percent dull burgundy on green. are slightly less vigorous, with smaller Some surface russet and stem and leaves and thinner branches that tend to shoulder russet. ‘Hampshire’ often has terminate sooner. high sugar levels, good firmness and and ‘DeCoster Jonagold’ (USPP #8,049) ‘Pacific Gala™’ (‘Olsentwo’): good storage, but can have off flavors, and ‘Nicolai’s King Jonagold’ (USPP# (USPP#9,681). A whole tree mutation of some stem end cracks and open calyx, 8,851). The ‘Jonagold’ demonstration ‘Royal Gala’ that is reported to have some skin cracks and weather checking. plantings in New York will add to our earlier coloring, an earlier harvest, and ‘Hampshire’ may work for niche markets information on some of these sports. requires fewer picks. in the late season, but its appearance is ‘Excel’: (USPP#10,314). A sport of ‘Twin Bee Gala’: A sport of ‘Royal too similar to ‘Empire’ to be distinctive. ‘Jonagold’ has better color intensity over Gala’ that has early uniform color and ‘Honeycrisp’: (USPP#7,197). This 50 percent or more of the surface. The pronounced stripes. cultivar continues to generate great fruit has a higher acidity and a longer and ‘Ultima Gala’: (USPPAF). A limb interest and great challenges. Our thinner stem. Faint stripes are barely mutation of ‘Imperial Gala’ discovered in program identified its susceptibility to visible. Washington that has 95-100 percent red soft scald prior to its increase ‘Jonagold’ (‘Romagold’): (USPP color with a strong stripe. commercially and cautioned growers #9,541). A limb sport mutation of ‘Ultrared Gala’ (‘Obragala’): about this problem, its poor coloration, ‘Jonagold’ discovered in 1983. Fruits are (USPP#8,621). Solid nopal red coloration bitter pit and mild flavor. Its texture, early coloring, with a broadly striped over 90 to 100 percent of the fruit. Fruits crispness and juiciness and storage color pattern of bright red stripes on a of lower color intensity show hints of attributes are strengths. Its crispness and yellow ground. juiciness are superior to most cultivars. striping. ‘Morren’s Jonagored Supra’: (USPP Consumer acceptance has been ‘Gala Supreme’: Not a sport of ‘Gala’ #10,401). Reported to differ from outstanding. Rosenberger et al. (2001) as is commonly believed. Fruits are very standard ‘Jonagored’ by better coloring reviewed research in New York and the oblate and can get very greasy. Not and ripening seven days earlier and the IDFTA (International Dwarf Fruit Tree recommended for trial in New York. trees are less vigorous. Association) dedicated an entire volume ‘Ginger Gold’: (USPP#7,063). Fruit ‘Red Jonaprince’: (USPP #11,112): of the Compact Fruit Tree Journal (Volume have good quality for the early market, Fruits are bright to dark red, non-greasy 34-October, 2001) to researcher, grower, but price premiums have declined. and very early ripening (four to five and marketer perspectives on this ‘Golden Delicious’ Strains: A non- weeks earlier than standard ‘Jonagold’). cultivar. russetting ‘Golden Delicious’ type is still Reported to have firmer flesh that has being sought for New York. ‘Golden ‘JONAGOLD’: New Sports more sugar and more acid than standard Delicious’ demonstration plantings were The Jonagold bulletin (Brown, 1997) ‘Jonagold’. established in commercial orchards and highlighted some of the earliest sports: in cooperation with processors in New ‘Jonagored’ (USPP #5,937), ‘Jonica’ ‘McINTOSH’ Sports York in 1998. ‘Golden Delicious’ was the (USPP# 7,146), ‘Rubinstar’ (USPP#7,590) ‘LindaMac’: Fruits start coloring in NEW YORK FRUIT QUARTERLY • VOLUME 10 NUMBER 2 • 2002 25 University. NJ 109 ripens 3 weeks before offering from New Zealand is a hybrid of ‘Golden Delicious’, is very productive ‘Gala’ x ‘Braeburn’. This cultivar is not and crops annually. Fruits are much less available for testing in the US at present prone to russet than ‘Golden Delicious’, and will probably be a franchise cultivar. but are susceptible to bruising. Reports ‘Silken’ (BC 8S-4-33): (USPP# on fruit quality has varied from fair to 10,740). A 1999 release from Sum- good. NJ 109 may not store very well. merland, BC, ‘Silken’ is a hybrid of Fruits were harvested in mid- ‘’ x ‘Sunrise’ that has a unique September and were very susceptible to creamy pale yellow skin color. It ripens doubling at Geneva in 2001. Fruits are in the early ‘McIntosh’ season and is very conic and slightly lopsided. The surface aromatic. In preference tests, it is equal is clear yellow with almost no russet on to ‘Gala’ and rated better than ‘McIntosh’ the body and very slight russet on the in flavor and texture (Quamme et al., cavity and shoulder. Fruits may have 5 to 1998b). ‘Silken’ is said to have a storage 10 percent pink blush. NJ 109 is probably life of about 10 weeks and is best suited too close to ‘Ginger Gold’ in fruit type, for direct sales. PICO lists as one of the has a later harvest and as such is not most promising early apples to test. competitive and not recommended for ‘Silken’ was harvested 9/10/01 in trial. Geneva. The fruits were very attractive to ‘Orin’: A Japanese cultivar noted for birds and had early damage. Fruits were ‘Yakata’ its unusual texture and sweet flavor, mostly clean, but some stem cavity russet ‘Orin’ received poor ratings in the NE183 extended over the shoulders of the fruit due to susceptibility to russetting. Niche and some body russet occurred. Fruits are early July and have 100 percent red blush market only. slightly lobed, conic and have a slightly at harvest. ‘LindaMac’ was discovered in ‘Pacific Beauty’: A new variety from open calyx, long stems and a very small as a sport of ‘Redmax’ and is New Zealand, Warner (2002) describes core. Sunburn was noted on some fruits said to be a typical ‘McIntosh’ in all other this cultivar as vigorous, prone to biennial before harvest, but was not extensive. A respects. bearing and sensitive to frost. The large few fruits were cracked or doubled. Other new releases include ‘Miracle fruit ripens about one week before ‘Gala’ ‘Silken ‘ is not for long storage. The Mac’ from Connecticut and ‘Gunny Mac’ and have a short storage life. ‘Pacific unique appearance is a plus, but its (not the official name), a new sport Beauty’ is only available through a harvest with ‘McIntosh’ is not discovered by the Gunnisons at Crown licensing agreement. ‘Shizuka’: A sister seedling of Point, NY, in the Champlain Valley. ‘Pacific Rose’: A ‘Gala’ x ‘Splendour’ ‘’ that received interest because it ‘Scotian Spur McIntosh’: hybrid developed in New Zealand that might be less susceptible/resistant to (USPP#10,770). This is a spur type is being grown in Washington State under blister spot. Fruits are similar but sweeter ‘McIntosh’ with a solid blush. The tree is a franchise agreement with ENZA. While in taste. Growers with ‘Shizuka’ are about 60 percent the size of non-spur there are no tree royalties, growers must encouraged to report their findings ‘McIntosh’. pay a franchise fee of $2,000/acre and 11 relative to blister spot resistance. NJ 90: This selection is being tested percent of the f.o.b. price as a production ‘Suncrisp’: (USPP#8,648). This as a highly colored alternative to royalty (Warner, 2002). ‘Pacific Rose’ is cultivar’s intense flavor is unique, but its ‘McIntosh’ in warmer regions. It is a prone to vascular nodules, biennial susceptibility to mildew, blister spot and hybrid of (NJ 15 x ‘Red ’) x bearing, and russet. soft scald may restrict its ‘’. Notes from the Pacific ‘Pink Lady’ ( cv.): commercialization. Northwest Fruit Testers Association (USPP#7,880). Introduced in the early ‘Sundowner’: (USPP#8,477). indicate it is “fatally flawed with many 1980s by a breeding program in Australia. Another late maturing hybrid of ‘Golden faults, with a skin as thick as leather” (2/ A medium sized attractive pink apple Delicious’ x ‘’ released by 2000). with good flavor and texture. Very late breeders in Australia. Matures too late NJ 90 was harvested on 10/12/01 in maturing ripening, 1 to 2 weeks after to ripen in New York. Geneva. Fruits are oblate, slightly lobed, ‘’, so it will not mature in ‘Sunrise’: An early-season apple 90 to 95 percent burgundy on green. The New York and is not recommended. from the Summerland program that has skin thickness is objectionable. In January, ‘Runkel’ (‘Rip Van Runkel’). too short a storage and shelf-life to be it was at the end of its storage life, but Chance seedling ripening in the early recommended for trial. holds up okay. Fruits have a short stem, ‘Fuji’ season. Not recommended for ‘Zestar!™’ (originally called ‘Zesta’, a deep closed calyx and fruit size is large. planting in New York due to its poor fruit cv. Minnesota 1824): (USPP#11,367). NJ 90’s similarity to ‘McIntosh’ quality. Introduced by the University of and’‘Empire’ could cause marketing ‘Sansa’: (USPP#6,519). A hybrid of Minnesota in 1998, ‘Zestar’ is a hybrid of problems. While NJ 90 offers better fruit ‘Gala’ x ‘’, this cultivar has good ‘State Fair’ x Minn. 1691 that ripens with color, the quality suffers. NJ 90 was fruit color and quality for the early ‘Paulared’. It may overlap in harvest with subject to preharvest drop at many of the season. Growers must insist on virus-free ‘Gala’. It has a good sugar/acid balance NE183 sites in 2001. Not recommended trees since ‘Sansa’ has a genetic mottle and is juicy with white flesh. Its short for trial. that weakens the tree if viruses are also shelf life may limit it to local marketing NJ 109: A hybrid of ‘Golden present. Recommended as an early apple. only. Reported to be hardy to -25°F. Trees Delicious’ x NJ 88 from Rutgers ‘Scifresh’ (‘’): The newest are above average in vigor, but are said 26 NEW YORK STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY to settle down. Trees are susceptible to In Geneva, fruits were harvested on http://www.pgris.com/partners/apple/ scab. Some fire blight has been observed. 10/3/01. Fruits may get greasy in storage. galarina_descriptions.html/. Trees bloom very early, with ‘’, so The fruits were oblate with russet on the ‘Goldrush’: (USPP#9,932). Excellent an early pollenizer is needed. calyx end and the body of the fruit. Some intense flavor (very acid) and storage life, Blister spot of the fruit was noted in fruits had extensive russet. Fruits also had but appearance is a limitation to Geneva, where ‘Zestar!’ was harvested on a very open calyx and a short stem. Flesh commercialization. Does well in you-pick 8/31/01. Fruits are oblate, slightly is cream colored and still firm after operations. Very susceptible to mildew. lopsided, with 50-70 percent blotchy red storage, but with a slightly moldy “off” ‘Pristine’ (Co-op 32):’(USPP#9,881). blush on a yellow/green background. flavor. Only for limited testing for those An early yellow apple that ripens with Russet occurred in the stem cavity, over with a strong interest in scab resistant ‘’ and has high acidity. It can be the shoulders and on some lenticels. cultivars. strongly biennial and has a poor shelf life. Fruits have a short stem, a very large core CQR 10-T17 (PRI 3217-3): A complex ‘Scarlet O’Hara‘’ (Co-op 25). and a slightly open calyx. The texture is hybrid of a New Jersey selection x an (USPP#12,323). A scab resistant release not like’‘Honeycrisp’ as ‘Zestar!’ is very Illinois selection. CQR10T17 is cedar from the PRI (Purdue, Rutgers, Illinois) fine textured (slightly soft), very light in apple rust susceptible. It is also very cooperative (Janick et al., 2000). Late density and not as crisp. ‘Zestar!’ has susceptible to watercore, which may ripening and of good quality, good good sugar levels and high acidity (0.62) disappear in storage. Fruit size is 2 1/2” firmness and stores well. ‘Scarlet O’Hara’ and large fruit size. For trial by those who to 3”. can be biennial. Several trees were lost to have a market for an early variety. Fruits In Geneva the bright orange red, fire blight in 2001 at Geneva. Its had some bird damage and some pre- stripe/blush could be attractive, but fruits susceptibility to fire blight and to moldy harvest drop from this damage. ‘Zestar!’ were irregular in shape, slightly lopsided core are the two biggest concerns relative should be planted away from areas with and ribbed. The very short stems resulted to commercialization. heavy fire blight, black rot or blister spot in many stem pulls. Open calyx. Fruits inoculum. had a russeted stem cavity, tough skin, Literature Cited open calyx and were very greasy out of Brown, S.K. 1997. Apple Facts: Scab Resistant Cultivars storage, but were of good flavor and Varieties of Commercial Interest: and Selections firmness. Only 40 percent of fruits were ‘Jonagold’. New York Food and Life free of storage disorders, with senescent Sciences Bulletin #150. Cornell University, Some of the information in the breakdown, watercore and moldy core New York State Agricultural Experiment description of Co-op and PRI selections prevalent. Not recommended for trial Station, Geneva, NY. was obtained from http:// due to storage disorders. Brown, S.K., M. Fargione, I. Merwin www.purdue.edu.newcrops.apples/. CQR 12-T50 (PRI 3175-1): Selected at and D. Rosenberger. 1999. What we have ‘Sundancer’ (Co-op 29): ‘Golden Purdue. NJ 75 x DIR101T117 (a New learned about new apple varieties. New Delicious’ x 1050 NJ 1. Primarily a Jersey selection). Moderately heavy frog York Fruit Quarterly 7(1): 7-11 (Spring, yellow/green apple with 20 to 60 percent eye leaf spot infection on foliage. May 1999). mottled pink/orange blush. ‘Sundancer’ develop off flavor (aldehyde) in storage. Janick, J., J.C. Goffreda, and S.S. is reported to have resistance to scab, Ripens September 15 in Indiana, where it Korban. 2000. ‘Co-op 25’ (Scarlet O’ cedar apple rust and mildew. ‘Sundancer’ is russet free. Hara‘) Apple. HortScience 35:150-151. was harvested on 10/24/01 in Geneva. CQR 12-50 was harvested 9/19/01 in Quamme, H.A. R.A. MacDonald, After storage it was still firm, dense, of Geneva. The fruits are yellow and oblate W.D. Lane and C.R. Hampson. 1999a. good quality (spicy) and held up well, with 10 to 30 percent pinkish orange Chinook Apple. Canadian J. Plant Science though fruits were slightly dry. The fruits blush. Fruits have a very short stem and 79:287-2289. get slightly greasy in storage, have an a small open core. The stem end russet is Quamme, H.A. R.A. MacDonald, open calyx and a short stem. Fruits had very dark and unappealing and the body W.D. Lane and C.R. Hampson. 1999b. extensive russet over the shoulders, body of the fruit sometimes has russet. No Silken Apple. Canadian J. Plant Science and lenticels, and there was some storage disorders were noted. Fruit were 79:295-297. cracking in russetted areas. No storage still juicy and slightly crisp following 32°F Rosenberger, D., J. Schupp, C. disorders were noted, but ‘Sundancer’ is storage. Watkins, K. Iungerman, S. Hoying, D. not recommended due to extensive russet ‘Enterprise’: (USPP#9,193). A scab Straub and L. Cheng. 2001. Honeycrisp: development in our region. resistant cultivar with fruit that resembles Promising profit maker or just another Coop 39 (CLR20T14, PRI 2712-7). A ‘Rome Beauty’. Fruits are large, but the problem child? New York Fruit Quarterly complex hybrid that is scab immune, but quality is poor. Skins are very thick and 9 (3):9-13. moderately susceptible to mildew and to objectionable. Can have calcium related Warner, G. 2002. Washington-grown foliar cedar apple rust and is susceptible surface corking. Not recommended for Pacific Rose apples go to market. Good to fire blight. The very attractive red fruits trial. Fruit Grower January 15, 2002. p.13. are ovate and 2 1/2 to 3” in size. The ‘Galarina’: A hybrid of ‘Gala’ x texture is extremely crisp. Moldy core ‘’ developed at INRA in Angers, and calyx end rot has been observed. The France, and released cooperatively with Susan Brown is a professor in the Department fruits are not susceptible to pre-harvest breeders from Quebec, Canada. When of Horticultural Sciences in Geneva who heads drop and hang on the tree well. Co-op 39 tested at Geneva, this selection had one the apple breeding program. Kevin Maloney ripens from September 7-21 in Indiana. occurrence of stem russet that was so assists her as a Research Support Specialist The very rich flavor of the fruit may pronounced and raised as to be working in the Apple Breeding Program. weaken in storage. objectionable. Information is available at NEW YORK FRUIT QUARTERLY • VOLUME 10 NUMBER 2 • 2002 27