1848 Revolutions Special Subject I READING LIST Professor Chris Clark

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

1848 Revolutions Special Subject I READING LIST Professor Chris Clark 1848 Revolutions Special Subject I READING LIST Professor Chris Clark The Course consists of 8 lectures, 16 presentation-led seminars and 4 gobbets classes GENERAL READING Jonathan Sperber, The European Revolutions, 1848-1851 (Cambridge, 1994) Dieter Dowe et al., eds., Europe in 1848: Revolution and Reform (Oxford, 2001) Priscilla Smith Robertson, The Revolutions of 1848, a social history (Princeton, 1952) Michael Rapport, 1848: Year of Revolution (London, 2009) SOCIAL CONFLICT BEFORE 1848 (i) The ‘Galician Slaughter’ of 1846 Hans Henning Hahn, ‘The Polish Nation in the Revolution of 1846-49’, in Dieter Dowe et al., eds., Europe in 1848: Revolution and Reform, pp. 170-185 Larry Wolff, The Idea of Galicia: History and Fantasy in Habsburg Political Culture (Stanford, 2010), esp. chapters 3 & 4 Thomas W. Simons Jr., ‘The Peasant Revolt of 1846 in Galicia: Recent Polish Historiography’, Slavic Review, 30 (December 1971) pp. 795–815 (ii) Weavers in Revolt Robert J. Bezucha, The Lyon Uprising of 1834: Social and Political Conflict in the Early July Monarchy (Cambridge Mass., 1974) Christina von Hodenberg, Aufstand der Weber. Die Revolte von 1844 und ihr Aufstieg zum Mythos (Bonn, 1997) *Lutz Kroneberg and Rolf Schloesser (eds.), Weber-Revolte 1844 : der schlesische Weberaufstand im Spiegel der zeitgenössischen Publizistik und Literatur (Cologne, 1979) Parallels: David Montgomery, ‘The Shuttle and the Cross: Weavers and Artisans in the Kensington Riots of 1844’ Journal of Social History, Vol. 5, No. 4 (Summer, 1972), pp. 411-446 (iii) Food riots Manfred Gailus, ‘Food Riots in Germany in the Late 1840s’, Past & Present, No. 145 (Nov., 1994), pp. 157-193 Raj Patel and Philip McMichael, ‘A Political Economy of the Food Riot’ Review (Fernand Braudel Center), 32/1 (2009), pp. 9-35 Louise Tilly, ‘The Food Riot as a Form of Political Conflict in France’, The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 2/1 (Summer, 1971), pp. 23-57 M. Bergman, ‘The Potato Blight in the Netherlands and its Social Consequences,’ International Review of Social History 12 (1967): 390–431 (iv) Agrarian / provincial conflict Peter McPhee, The Politics of Rural Life: Political Mobilization in the French Countryside 1846–1852 (Oxford, 1992) Josef Mooser, ‘Property and Wood Theft: Agrarian Capitalism and Social Conflict in Rural Society, 1800-50. A Westphalian Case Study’, in: Robert Moeller (ed.), Peasants and Lords in Modern Germany (Boston and London, 1986) Simonetta Soldani, ‘Contadini, operai e "Popolo" nella rivoluzione del 1848-49 in Italia’, Studi Storici, 14, No. 3 (Jul. - Sep., 1973), pp. 557-613 Luigi Parente, ‘Stato e contadini nel mezzogiorno d’Italia tra il 1830 e il 1845,’ Cahiers internationaux d’histoire economique et sociale 13 (1981), pp. 252–311 Pamela Pilbeam, ‘Popular Violence in Provincial France after the 1830 Revolution’, The English Historical Review 91, No. 359 (Apr., 1976), pp. 278-297 (v) Urban and/or industrial unrest Louis Chevalier, Labouring Classes and Dangerous Classes in Paris during the First Half of the Nineteenth Century, trans. F. Jellinek (New York, 1973) Peter N. Stearns, ‘Patterns of Industrial Strike Activity in France during the July Monarchy’, AHR 70 (1965), pp. 371-94 William Sewell, Work and revolution in France: the language of labor from the Old Regime to 1848 (Cambridge, 1980) esp. pp. 143-161 and 194-218 Jeremy Popkin, Press, Revolution, and Social Identities in France, 1830–1835 (University Park, 2002) – despite its title, this study focuses especially on social and political unrest in Lyon REHEARSALS (i) The Revolutions of 1830 John M. Merriman, 1830 in France (New York, 1975) Jonathan Sperber, ‘Echoes of the French Revolution in the Rhineland, 1830-1849’, Central European History, 22/2 (Jun., 1989), pp. 200-217 Pamela Pilbeam, ‘The Economic Crisis of 1827-32 and the 1830 Revolution in Provincial France’, The Historical Journal, 32/2 (Jun., 1989), pp. 319-338 R.F. Leslie, Polish Politics and the Revolution of November 1830 (London, 1956) Przemysław Milewicz, ‘National Identification in Pre-Industrial Communities: Peasant Participation in the November Uprising in the Kingdom of Poland, 1830–1831’, Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, Neue Folge, 58, H. 3 (2010), pp. 321-352 Clive H. Church, Europe in 1830: Revolution and Political Change (Winchester Mass., 1983) Michael Hammer, Volksbewegung und Obrigkeiten. Revolution in Sachsen 1830/31 (Weimar, 1997) J.A. Betley, Belgium and Poland in International Relations, 1830-1831 (The Hague, 1960) *Anon (ed.), Narrative of the French Revolution in 1830: an authentic detail of the events which took place on the 26th, 27th, 28th, and 29th of July, with the occurrences preceding and following those memorable days; accompanied with state papers and documents, Bristol Selected Pamphlets, 1830 [readable on JSTOR] * Manifesto of the Polish nation to Europe, voted by the Diet of Poland on the 20th of December, 1830, translated from the original Polish, with the names of the members of both committees appointed by the Diet to draw up and report on this national manifesto, Hume Tracts, 1832, pp. 2-14 (13-26 in the JSTOR SCAN) (i) Switzerland: the Sonderbund War of 1847 Joachim Remak, A Very Civil War: the Swiss Sonderbund War of 1847 (Boulder Col., 1993) Thomas Christian Müller, ‘Switzerland 1847/49: A Provisional, Successful End of a “Democratic Revolution”?’ in Dieter Dowe et al. (eds.), Europe in 1848: Revolution and Reform, pp. 210–37 *Reverend M.J. Mayers, Note-book of the Late Civil War in Switzerland: Chiefly for the Use of Travellers in that Country (London, 1848) UL: RBR: 1848.7.76 *(W[ilhelm] H[einrich]) Düfour and (U[lrich]) Ochsenbein, Der Sonderbund und dessen Auflösung durch die Tagsazung im November 1847 (Schaffhausen, 1848) UL: RBR: Acton.c.36.492 *O. Reverdin, La guerre du Sonderbund vue par le général Dufour, juin 1847-avril 1848: d'après des lettres et des documents inédits (Geneva, 1948) UL: NF6: 605.42.b.90.1 TRIGGERS Ernest Labrousse, ‘1848, 1830, 1789: Comment naissent les revolutions?’ in: Actes du Congrès historique du centenaire de la révolution de 1848 (Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1948) Helge Berger and Mark Spoerer, ‘Economic Crises and the European Revolutions of 1848’ The Journal of Economic History, 61, No. 2 (Jun., 2001), pp. 293-326 Mark Traugott, ‘The Crowd in the French Revolution of February, 1848’, The American Historical Review, 93/ 3 (Jun., 1988), pp. 638-652 * The American Minister in Berlin, on the Revolution of March, 1848 [transcription of dispatches], The American Historical Review, 23/2 (Jan., 1918), pp. 355-373 *Sigrid Weigel, Flugschriftenliteratur 1848 in Berlin (Stuttgart, 1979) REVOLUTIONARY COLLECTIVITIES (i) Clubs, Parties and Movements Peter H. Amann, Revolution and Mass Democracy. The Paris Club Movement in 1848 (Brighton, 1974) James Livesey, ‘Speaking the Nation: Radical Republicans and the Failure of Political Communication in 1848’, French Historical Studies, 20, No. 3 (Summer, 1997), pp. 459-480 Frederick C. Barghoorn, ‘Russian Radicals and the West European Revolutions of 1848’, The Review of Politics, 11/3 (Jul., 1949), pp. 338-354 Jonathan Sperber, Rhineland Radicals. The Democratic Movement and the Revolution of 1848 (Princeton, 1991) Laszlo Deme, The Radical Left in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 (Boulder, 1976) Donald J. Mattheisen, ‘Liberal Constitutionalism in the Frankfurt Parliament of 1848: An Inquiry Based on Roll-Call Analysis’, Central European History, 12/2 (Jun., 1979), pp. 124-142 Iván Zoltán Dénes, ‘The Value Systems of Liberals and Conservatives in Hungary, 1830-1848’ The Historical Journal, 36/4 (Dec., 1993), pp. 825-850 (ii) Exiles Martin Miller, The Russian Revolutionary Emigrés, 1825-1870 (Baltimore, 1986) Lloyd S. Kramer, Threshold of a New World: Intellectuals and the Exile Experience in Paris, 1830-1848 (Ithaca, 1988) (iii) Students John G. Gallaher, The Students of Paris and the Revolutionaries of 1848 (Carbondale 1980) Leonore O’Boyle, ‘The Problem of the Excess of Educated Men in Western Europe 1800-1850’, JMH 42 (1970), pp. 472-95 (iv) The street Jill Harsin, Barricades: The War in the Streets of Revolutionary Paris, 1830–1848 (New York, 2002) Alice Freifeld, Nationalism and the Crowd in Liberal Hungary, 1848–1914 (Baltimore, 2000) (v) Class Roger V. Gould, Insurgent Identities: Class, Community, and Protest in Paris from 1848 to the Commune (Chicago, 1995) Stanley Z. Pech, ‘The Czech Working Class in 1848’, Canadian Slavonic Papers / Revue Canadienne des Slavistes, 9/1 (Spring, 1967), pp. 60-73 Robert Liebman, “Repressive Strategies and Working-Class Protest: Lyon 1848-1852’, Social Science History, 4/1, The Skilled Worker and Working-Class Protest (Winter, 1980), pp. 33-55 Edward Shorter, ‘Middle-Class Anxiety in the German Revolution of 1848’, Journal of Social History, Vol. 2, No. 3 (Spring, 1969), pp. 189-215 James M. Brophy, ‘The Political Calculus of Capital: Banking and the Business Class in Prussia, 1848-1856’, Central European History, 25/2 (1992), pp. 149-176 Mark Traugott, ‘Determinants of Political Orientation: Class and Organization in the Parisian Insurrection of June 1848’, American Journal of Sociology, 86/1 (Jul., 1980), pp. 32-49 Mark Traugott, Armies of the Poor: Determinants of Working-Class Participation in the Parisian Insurrection of June 1848 (Princeton, 1985) Patrick L.-R. Higonnet and Trevor B. Higonnet, ‘Class, Corruption, and Politics in the French Chamber of Deputies, 1846-1848’, French Historical Studies, 5/2 (Autumn, 1967), pp. 204-224 WOMEN IN THE REVOLUTIONS OF 1848 Helen G. Morris-Keitel, Identity in transition : the images of working-class women in social prose of the Vormärz (1840-1848), (New York, 1995) Robert Nemes, ‘Women in the 1848-49 Hungarian Revolution’, Journal of Women’s History, 13 (2001), pp. 193-207 – also consultable at: http://www.academia.edu/5329932/Women_in_the_1848- 1849_Hungarian_Revolution Joan Scott, ‘Work Identities for Men and Women. The Politics of Work and Family in the Parisian Garment Trades in 1848’, in: ead., Gender and the Politics of History (New York, 1988), pp.
Recommended publications
  • The Revolution of 1861: the American Civil War in the Age of Nationalist Conflict
    Civil War Book Review Fall 2012 Article 25 The Revolution of 1861: The American Civil War in the Age of Nationalist Conflict. Frank Towers Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cwbr Recommended Citation Towers, Frank (2012) "The Revolution of 1861: The American Civil War in the Age of Nationalist Conflict.," Civil War Book Review: Vol. 14 : Iss. 4 . DOI: 10.31390/cwbr.14.4.26 Available at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cwbr/vol14/iss4/25 Towers: The Revolution of 1861: The American Civil War in the Age of Nati Review Towers, Frank Fall 2012 Fleche, Andre M. The Revolution of 1861: The American Civil War in the Age of Nationalist Conflict.. University of North Carolina Press, $39.95 ISBN 978-0-8078-3523-4 Understanding the Civil War in a Broader Context Andre Fleche adds to the burgeoning literature on the international dimensions of the Civil War in this valuable study of American nationalism in a transatlantic context. Contrary to dominant popular narratives of the Civil War as a purely domestic conflict, Europe’s 1848 revolutions had a profound influence on northern and southern conceptions of the nation state. Viewed in this framework, the Civil War fits into a broader pattern of revolution wherein the fledgling concept of the nation state matured into the form that guided it through the next century of modern history. Although 1860s Americans paid attention to other revolutionary precedents, especially their own against Great Britain, Fleche argues that the most influential were the failed nationalist revolutions of 1848 in Europe, a series of revolts against the monarchies that took control of the continent after Napoleon’s defeat in 1815.
    [Show full text]
  • The Iranian Revolution, Past, Present and Future
    The Iranian Revolution Past, Present and Future Dr. Zayar Copyright © Iran Chamber Society The Iranian Revolution Past, Present and Future Content: Chapter 1 - The Historical Background Chapter 2 - Notes on the History of Iran Chapter 3 - The Communist Party of Iran Chapter 4 - The February Revolution of 1979 Chapter 5 - The Basis of Islamic Fundamentalism Chapter 6 - The Economics of Counter-revolution Chapter 7 - Iranian Perspectives Copyright © Iran Chamber Society 2 The Iranian Revolution Past, Present and Future Chapter 1 The Historical Background Iran is one of the world’s oldest countries. Its history dates back almost 5000 years. It is situated at a strategic juncture in the Middle East region of South West Asia. Evidence of man’s presence as far back as the Lower Palaeolithic period on the Iranian plateau has been found in the Kerman Shah Valley. And time and again in the course of this long history, Iran has found itself invaded and occupied by foreign powers. Some reference to Iranian history is therefore indispensable for a proper understanding of its subsequent development. The first major civilisation in what is now Iran was that of the Elamites, who might have settled in South Western Iran as early as 3000 B.C. In 1500 B.C. Aryan tribes began migrating to Iran from the Volga River north of the Caspian Sea and from Central Asia. Eventually two major tribes of Aryans, the Persian and Medes, settled in Iran. One group settled in the North West and founded the kingdom of Media. The other group lived in South Iran in an area that the Greeks later called Persis—from which the name Persia is derived.
    [Show full text]
  • Revolutions Against the State*
    Revolutions Against the State* Colin J. Beck Pomona College Forthcoming. The New Handbook of Political Sociology, edited by Thomas Janoski, Cedric de Leon, Joya Misra, and Isaac Martin. New York: Cambridge University Press. Address correspondence to: Colin J. Beck Department of Sociology Pomona College 420 N Harvard Ave Claremont, CA 91711 [email protected] * Acknowledgments: This chapter was informed by conversations with the participants of the Rethinking Revolutions Workshop at the London School of Economics and Political Science in May 2017. In particular, I thank Mlada Bukovansky, Erica Chenoweth, George Lawson, Sharon Nepstad, and Daniel Ritter. I also thank John Foran for his comments on a prior version. Beck Revolutions Against the State Introduction The way social scientists think that others think about revolutions has been shaped primarily by Jack Goldstone. In his influential review essays, Goldstone (1982, 2001) presents the 20th century study of revolution as occurring in generations—from natural historians of the 1930s to general theorists of the mid-20th century, from state-centered scholars in the 1980s to a contemporary fourth generation basket of approaches. Because it is so familiar, his reading animates nearly all contemporary literature reviews in revolution studies. Goldstone’s categorizations have even impelled new work, as in Sohrabi’s (1995) research on models of revolution or Lawson’s (2016) recent theoretical synthesis. There is a problem with this way of thinking about the field of revolution studies, however. Social science of any sort, let alone in the study of revolution, does not cohere in neat generations. I offer a few examples. During the so-called natural history phase, other scholars like Merriman (1938) argued for general structural theories of revolution that look much more like the state-centered accounts of four decades later.
    [Show full text]
  • VLADIMIR PUTIN: an ASPIRANT METTERNICH? by Mitchell A
    JANUARY 2015 VLADIMIR PUTIN: AN ASPIRANT METTERNICH? By Mitchell A. Orenstein Mitchell A. Orenstein is Professor and Chair of the Department of Political Science at Northeastern University in Boston and an affiliate of both the Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies and the Minda de Gunzberg Center for European Studies at Harvard University. As Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered his military into Ukraine in 2014, people were quick to compare him to Adolph Hitler, whose annexation of Austria and invasions of Czechoslovakia and Poland set off World War II. Hillary Clinton commented in March 2014 that if Putin’s justification for taking Crimea to protect ethnic Russians sounded familiar, it was because, “it’s what Hitler did back in the ’30s. Germans by ancestry were in places like Czechoslovakia and Romania and other places, [and] Hitler kept saying they’re not being treated right. I must go and protect my people.” Since that time Ukrainian Euromaidan supporters have published dramatic images of Putin as “Putler,” mashups that have trended wildly on social media and become a staple of public protests. Yet, Putin’s approach to world affairs is more similar to that of another Austrian, Prince Klemens von Metternich. Like Metternich, the dominant force in post-Napoleonic era diplomacy, Putin is a conservative imperialist who seeks to create a balance or “concert” between the great powers in Europe, while suppressing liberal democratic politics and the aspirations of small nations. By comparing Putin’s worldview with that of Metternich, one can gain more insight into Putin’s approach to world affairs than can be understood from much contemporary debate.
    [Show full text]
  • The Urban Response to the Rural Land Reform During the Chinese Civil War: 1945-1949
    Illinois Wesleyan University Digital Commons @ IWU Honors Projects History Department 2001 The Urban Response to the Rural Land Reform During the Chinese Civil War: 1945-1949 Elizabeth Grad '01 Illinois Wesleyan University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/history_honproj Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Grad '01, Elizabeth, "The Urban Response to the Rural Land Reform During the Chinese Civil War: 1945-1949" (2001). Honors Projects. 15. https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/history_honproj/15 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Commons @ IWU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this material in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This material has been accepted for inclusion by faculty at Illinois Wesleyan University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ©Copyright is owned by the author of this document. • THE URBAN RESPONSE TO THE RURAL LAND REFORM MOVEMENT DURING THE CHINESE CIVIL WAR: 1945-1949 By: Elizabeth Grad • 1 Introduction China's internal condition immediately following the end ofJapanese occupation was complicated and precarious. The conflicting interests ofthe Kuomintang and the Communists were pushing the nation into civil war and pressure from the United States only hastened the collapse ofan already weak: internal structure. The Japanese occupation of China during the war had significant implications and affected the political fortunes of the Kuomintang and the Communists in diverse ways.
    [Show full text]
  • The Failure of a Revolution France, Germany and the Netherlands in 1848: a Comparative Analysis
    The Failure of a Revolution France, Germany and The Netherlands in 1848: A Comparative Analysis Willem Cleven MA Comparative History Utrecht University Spring 2008 Supervised by dr. I. de Haan Image on front page: Horace Vernet – Barricade at Rue Soufflot, Paris 1848. 2 Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction……………………………………………..……………………..1 Chapter 2. The Comparative Method………………………………………………….10 2.1 Units of Historical Study 2.2 What is a Revolution? 2.3 Outline Chapter 3. The Events of the Revolutions...…………………………………………..20 3.1 Spring 1848: Revolution 3.2 Confrontation Chapter 4. Why the Revolution Failed…………………………………………………32 4.1 Internal Coherence of the Revolutionary Faction 4.2 Internal Coherence of the Incumbent Faction 4.3 Control over Sources of Power 4.4 External Intervention Chapter 5. Conclusion: A Theory of Failed Revolutions?...…………………………48 Bibliography 3 Chapter 1. Introduction “The tricolor republic now bears only one color, the color of the defeated, the color of blood.” 1 Karl Marx after the June Days uprising (Neue Rheinische Zeitung, 29 June 1848) As I am writing this opening paragraph, it is 160 years ago to the day that the French National Guard ended a bloody uprising among the Parisian workers. Sometimes labeled a ‘class war’2, the so-called ‘June Days’ uprising posited the urban working class against the Provisional Government of the French Second Republic. It shall become clear in the following chapters that this clash between the revolutionary regime and the masses which had been vital in its victory four months prior, ultimately represented the failure of that revolution, a revolution which made an end to the French monarchy, instated universal male suffrage for a short time and set off a wave of revolutions across the continent.
    [Show full text]
  • The Iranian Revolution a Discussion with Dr. Abbas Milani On-Screen Text: Dr
    video transcript VIDEO TRANSCRIPT FOR “THE IRANIAN REVOLUTION” online at https://spice.fsi.stanford.edu/multimedia/iranian-revolution On-screen text: The Iranian Revolution a discussion with Dr. Abbas Milani On-screen text: Dr. Abbas Milani Director, Hamid & Christina Moghadam Program in Iranian Studies, Stanford University Abbas Milani: Greetings—or, as we say in Persian, salām. My name is Abbas Milani. I direct [the] Iranian Studies Program here at Stanford. I teach courses on politics in Iran, the history of Iran and its encounter with the West, U.S.–Iran relations, and the culture and literature of Iran as a reflection of its political reality. I’m going to try to compress all of that in the next 15 minutes. If you watch this and you have any questions about what I have said, please feel free to write to me at Stanford ([email protected]), and I’ll be absolutely delighted to answer your questions. On-screen text: Why is it important to learn about Iran? Abbas Milani: First, why should we worry about Iran and particularly the Iranian Revolution of 1979? I think we should learn about Iran, we should teach about Iran because Iran is one of the oldest civilizations in the world. It was one of the earliest empires. An Iranian religion called Zoroastrianism, led by Zarathustra, has had a profound influence on the development of Abrahamic religions. Many of the ideas we tend to think of as Abrahamic ideas actually come from Zoroastrianism, including the idea of paradise, the idea of hell, the idea of a virgin birth, the idea of a messiah.
    [Show full text]
  • Fourth Generation’ of Revolutionary Theory
    Within and Beyond the ‘Fourth Generation’ of Revolutionary Theory George Lawson (LSE)1 September 2015 1 George Lawson, Associate Professor, Department of International Relations, LSE, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom. Within and Beyond the ‘Fourth Generation’ of Revolutionary Theory Recent years have seen renewed interest in the study of revolutions. Yet the burgeoning interest in revolutionary events has not been matched by a comparable interest in the development of revolutionary theory. For the most part, empirical studies of revolutions remain contained within the parameters established by the ‘fourth generation’ of revolutionary theory. This body of work sees revolutions as conjunctural amalgams of systemic crisis, structural opening, and collective action, which arise from the intersection of international, economic, political, and symbolic factors. Despite the promise of this approach, this article argues that fourth generation scholarship remains an unfulfilled agenda. The aim of this article is to work within – and beyond – fourth generation theory in order to establish the theoretical foundations that can underpin contemporary work on revolutions. It does so in three ways: first, by promoting a shift from an attributional to a processual ontology; second, by advocating a relational rather than substantialist account of social action; and third, by fostering an approach that sees revolutions as inter-societal ‘all the way down’. The (unfulfilled) promise of fourth generation theory2 Recent years have seen renewed interest in the study of revolution (e.g. Chenoweth and Stephan 2011; Goldstone 2011, 2014; Nepstad 2011; Beck 2011, 2014, 2015; Colgan, 2012, 2013; Weyland 2012; Beissinger 2014; Lawson 2015a and 2015b; Ritter 2015).
    [Show full text]
  • Democracy Comes to Mongolia
    ᭿ First published in Truth, history and politics or Mongolia: the memory of heroes, London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004 49 DEMOCRACY COMES TO MONGOLIA Christoper Kaplonski y most accounts, it was the very solidarity that was a trademark of socialism that Bbrought about its end in the Mongolian People’s Republic (MPR) in the winter of 1989–90. Following the Soviet Union in policy, as it had for almost seventy years, the leadership of the MPR faithfully followed it into the confusion and upheaval of reform and democracy. Sending students to study abroad in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, the socialist regime had unwittingly sown the seeds of its own destruction on fertile ground. The students came back from Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union not only with university degrees, but, having been exposed to the fledgling opposition, they also brought back ideas of democracy and freedom. Ganbaatar, one of the founders of the MSDN (Mongol Sotsial Demokrat Nam – Mongolian Social Democratic Party) recalled the impact this had: From the beginning of the 1970s, the people who brought back true information about the world were always students. During this period, I was a student. [The real situation] was completely opposed to what we had learned about European culture. During the seven years I studied [in Eastern Europe], my view of the world changed . When people of that time learned about European culture, they weren’t satisfied with the Mongolian condition. They didn’t sympathize with the one-party ideology.1 This exposure to the situation in Eastern Europe was limited, but powerful in its effect.
    [Show full text]
  • History of International Relations
    3 neler öğrendik? bölüm özeti History of International Relations Editors Dr. Volkan ŞEYŞANE Evan P. PHEIFFER Authors Asst.Prof. Dr. Murat DEMİREL Dr. Umut YUKARUÇ CHAPTER 1 Prof.Dr. Burak Samih GÜLBOY Caner KUR CHAPTER 2, 3 Asst.Prof.Dr. Seçkin Barış GÜLMEZ CHAPTER 4 Assoc.Prof.Dr. Pınar ŞENIŞIK ÖZDABAK CHAPTER 5 Asst.Prof.Dr. İlhan SAĞSEN Res.Asst. Ali BERKUL Evan P. PHEIFFER CHAPTER 6 Dr. Çağla MAVRUK CAVLAK CHAPTER 7 Prof. Dr. Lerna K. YANIK Dr. Volkan ŞEYŞANE CHAPTER 8 T.C. ANADOLU UNIVERSITY PUBLICATION NO: 3920 OPEN EDUCATION FACULTY PUBLICATION NO: 2715 Copyright © 2019 by Anadolu University All rights reserved. This publication is designed and produced based on “Distance Teaching” techniques. No part of this book may be reproduced or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means of mechanical, electronic, photocopy, magnetic tape, or otherwise, without the written permission of Anadolu University. Instructional Designer Lecturer Orkun Şen Graphic and Cover Design Prof.Dr. Halit Turgay Ünalan Proof Reading Lecturer Gökhan Öztürk Assessment Editor Lecturer Sıdıka Şen Gürbüz Graphic Designers Gülşah Karabulut Typesetting and Composition Halil Kaya Dilek Özbek Gül Kaya Murat Tambova Beyhan Demircioğlu Handan Atman Kader Abpak Arul HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS E-ISBN 978-975-06-3603-5 All rights reserved to Anadolu University. Eskişehir, Republic of Turkey, October 2019 3328-0-0-0-1909-V01 Contents The Emergence The International of the Modern System During CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 th International the Long 19 System Century Introduction ................................................... 3 Introduction .................................................. 29 History of the State System: From The Revolutions and the International System .
    [Show full text]
  • Paul-Marie Arpaia on the Revolutions in Europe 1848-1849. From
    R.J.W. Evans, Hartmut Pogge von Strandmann, eds.. The Revolutions in Europe 1848-1849. From Reform to Reaction. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. xiii + 250 pp. $60.00, cloth, ISBN 978-0-19-820840-2. Reviewed by Paul-Marie T. Arpaia Published on H-W-Civ (February, 2001) In 1998, a group of former and present mem‐ out Europe attacked the ancien regime, demanded bers of the Faculty of Modern History at Oxford broader political participation in government, University gave a series of lectures to commemo‐ and focused attention on the social question. Al‐ rate the sesquicentenary of the Revolutions of though nationalism played a lesser role in some 1848. The lectures, published in the present vol‐ countries, it was pronounced in central and ume, offer the reader a panorama of the areas southern Europe--even though it wound up be‐ that directly experienced revolutions (France, coming a more divisive than cohesive force. Pogge Italy, Germany, and Austria) as well as several von Strandmann insists that despite the defeat of countries on the periphery (Great Britain, Russia the revolutions, in the long term, they had impor‐ and the United States). Essays by the editors on tant domestic and international consequences. the nature of the Revolutions of 1848 and on the In his essay, "Liberalism, Nationalism, and the decades leading up to the Revolutions, together Coming of the Revolution," R.J.W. Evans offers an with an essay on the meaning of the revolutions overview of European history from 1789 and to subsequent generations, serve as foreword and 1848.
    [Show full text]
  • Development and Democracy in the Tunisian Revolution
    The Process of Revolutionary Protest: Development and Democracy in the Tunisian Revolution Christopher Barrie∗ July 30, 2021 Abstract Revolutionary protest rarely begins life as democratic or revolutionary. Instead, it grows in a process of positive feedback, incorporating new constituencies and generating new demands. If protest is not revolutionary at its onset, theory should reflect this and be able to explain the endogenous emergence of democratic demands. In this article, I combine multiple data sources on the 2010-11 Tunisian Revolution, including survey data, an original event catalogue, and field interviews. I show that the correlates of protest occurrence and participation change significantly during the uprising. Using the Tunisian case as a theory-building exercise, I argue that the formation of protest coalitions is essential, rather than incidental, to democratic revolution. ∗Christopher Barrie is Lecturer in Computational Sociology at the University of Edinburgh. Correspon- dence to: [email protected]. 1 1 Introduction Mass mobilization is now a central pillar in in the theoretical and empirical scholarship on democratization. But while political transition to democracy can be marked in time—by the ouster of an authoritarian or the holding of elections—mass mobilization constitutes a pro- cess. A large body of empirical work in the democratization literature nonetheless treats revolutionary protest, or revolutionary protest participation, as discrete, unitary events amenable to cross-sectional forms of analysis. A separate body of work, particular to the formal modelling tradition, incorporates elements of endogeneity and process but assumes common thresholds governing participation dynamics, thereby again conceiving of revolu- tionary protest as unitary. In this article I propose that this ontology is wrongheaded; protest is rarely revolutionary at its onset and the goals and orienting demands of protest waves can be generated in the context of contention.
    [Show full text]