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Alaskan Inuit Food Security Conceptual Framework: How to Assess the Arctic from an Inuit Perspective Summary and Recommendations Report Publisher Page

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Alaskan Inuit Food Security Conceptual Framework: How to Assess the Arctic from an Inuit Perspective Summary and Recommendations Report Publisher Page INUIT CIRCUMPOLAR COUNCIL-ALASKA ALASKAN INUIT FOOD SECURITY CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: HOW TO ASSESS THE ARCTIC FROM AN INUIT PERSPECTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS REPORT PUBLISHER PAGE All information and concepts within this report are the product of a collaborative efort among 146 contributing authors (all Indigenous Knowledge (IK) holders), the project’s Food Security Advisory Committee and the Inuit Circumpolar Council-Alaska. Tis project has been managed and facilitated by the Inuit Circumpolar Council-Alaska’s Indigenous Knowledge/Science Advisor Carolina Behe. Te fnal report was prepared by Carolina Behe in collaboration with the project’s Food Security Advisory Committee members and contributing authors. Information and concepts from this report should be cited as: Inuit Circumpolar Council-Alaska 2015. Alaskan Inuit Food Security Conceptual Framework: How to Assess the Arctic From an Inuit Perspective: Summary Report and Recommendations Report. Anchorage, AK. Tis report and associated materials can be downloaded for free at iccalaska.org. Graphic design/layout by Northwest Strategies. © 2015, Inuit Circumpolar Council-Alaska, all rights reserved. Tis report or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the prior permission of Inuit Circumpolar Council-Alaska. Te IK, inclusive of concepts and information derived from this knowledge source in this report, remains the collective intellectual property of the contributing authors who provided such information. Food Security Project advisory Committee members: Myron Naneng, Indigenous Knowledge Holder, Julie Raymond-Yakoubian, Cultural Denali Whiting, Youth Representative for the President of the Association of Village Council Anthropologist, Social Science Program Director Northwest Arctic region. Her home community is Presidents. His home community is Hooper Bay, for Kawerak, Inc. She resides in Nome, Alaska. Kotzebue, Alaska. Alaska, and he resides in Bethel, Alaska. Malorie Johnson, Youth Representative for the Qaiyaan Harcharek, Iñupiaq Hunter and Cultural Tim Andrew, Indigenous Knowledge Holder, Bering Strait region. Her home community is Anthropologist for the North Slope Borough Natural Resource Director for the Association Unalakleet, Alaska. Department of Wildlife Management. His home of Village Council Presidents. His home community is Barrow, Alaska. community is Marshall, Alaska, and he resides in Percy Ballot, Indigenous Knowledge Holder, Bethel, Alaska. Buckland Tribal Council President, Maniilaq Nicole Kanayurak, Youth Representative for the Association. His home community is North Slope Arctic region. Her home community Vivian Korthuis, Indigenoust Knowledge Holder, Buckland, Alaska. is Barrow, Alaska. Vice President of Community Development for the Association of Village Council Presidents. John Goodwin Sr., Indigenous Knowledge Holder. Her home community is Emmonak, Alaska, and His home community is Kotzebue, Alaska. she resides in Bethel, Alaska. Austin Swan Sr., Indigenous Knowledge Suzanne Heckman, Youth Representative for the Holder. His home community is Kivalina, Alaska. Yukon-Kuskokwim region. Her home community is Pilot Station, Alaska. Inuit Circumpolar Council-Alaska Tel. +907 274 9058 3900 Arctic Blvd., Suite 203 Fax +907 274 3861 Anchorage, AK 99503 www.iccalaska.org [email protected] Photo courtesy of Chris Danner AUTHORS Jamie Ablowaluk Cynthia Fancyboy Andrew L. Milligrock Elena E. Sergie Tommy Adams Sr. Mildred Foster Charles J. Moses Alex T. Sheldon Sr. Richard Agayar Deborah Friday-Aguchak Robert Myers Evelyn Shy Billy Agimuk Larry A. George Sheldon E. Nagaruk Clara Florence Sittichinli Brandon Ahmasuk Bivers Gologergen Anna Nageak Dale T. Smith Jr. Brenna Ahmasuk John Goodwin Sr. Morris L. Nashoanak Sr. Samuel Smith Wesley Aiken Pearl Goodwin Carolyn A. Nicholai Rhonda Sparks Nick Alexie Willie Goodwin Jr. Harry G. Nick Susie A. Sun Wassily Alexie Bessie M. Green Rex J. Nick Robert Suvlu Mike Andrews Sr. Cyrus Harris Edward Nukapiagak Joe Swan Lily K. Anniskett Pauline Harvey Tomas S. Nukapiagak Amy I. Taalak Anders Apassingok Sr. Suzanne A. Heckman Tommy O bruk Terry Tagarook Karl T. Ashenfelter Bruce Inglangasak Wesely G. Okbaok Laura Terchik Barbara Atoruk Nick A. Isaac George Olemaun Nick Terchik Sr. Ben Atoruk Henry E. Ivanof Carol Oliver Henry H. Titiun Jr. Beulah Ballot Jacob Ivanof Mosses Owen Henry Tikiun Sr. Grant Ballot Robert C. Iyatunguk George Owletuck Virginia Tom Percy Ballot Axel Jackson Frank K. Oxereok Jr. Marie Tracey Ernest Barger Sr. Michael A. Jimmy Tecla Paul Branson Tungiyan Andrew Beaver Simeon John Nicholai O. Pavilla Sr. Celment Ungott George J. Berry Walter A. Johnson Benjamin Payenna Nancy Walunga Julia Bill Alice Grace Julius Frances Pete Sr. Willis Walunga Mildred Black Rose Julius Fred Pete Sr. Raymonds Waska Sr. David B. Bobby Lee Kayotuk Robert Pitka Sr. Albert Williams Charlie Brower Abraham A. Kelly Clyde Ramoth Sr. Annie Lou Williams Flora Brower Elias L. Kelly Emma Ramoth Peggy S. Williams Harry Brower Sr. Ronald Kirk Pauline M. Ramoth Ethel Wood Sr. Julia D. Brown Andrew Koenig Ralph Ramoth Sr. Amil Carter Sr. Luther C. Komonaseak Edward Rexford Sr. Ickeley J. Charles Merlin Koonooka Minnie Redfox Mary E. Charlie-Smith Vivian Korthius Paul Rookok Sr. Lizzy Chimiuqak Arthur J. Lake Katherine A. Sakar Annie Cleveland John A. Lamont Leslie O. Sampson Dorris Davis Annie Lampe Marrie Savok Fred T. Davis William Leavitt Sr. Pete Schaefer Randall Jess Dewey Robert Lekander Debra Seetook Sophie Enoch John Lockwood Raymond Seetook John J. Evan Peter P. Martin Sr. Elmer Seetot Jr. Simeon Fairbanks Jr. Alexis C. Matthias Lenora A. Sereadlook Vera Metcalf Pete Sereadlook ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Department of Health and Social Services, North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management, Northwest Inuit Circumpolar Council-Alaska is grateful to the Tribal Strategies, Pilot Station Tribal Council, Shungnak Tribal Councils for providing feedback, logistical planning and Council and Yupiit Piciryarait Cultural Center. support throughout this project and to the contributing authors listed. We are also grateful to those individuals who chose not to be listed but continued to provide information Thank you to the note-takers, language interpreters and and review of the project. photographers: Angie Whitman, Alvira Downey, Barbara Atoruk, Caroline Cannon, Chloe Naylor, Denali Whiting, Inuit Circumpolar Council-Alaska wishes to thank the Diane Wasuli-Dock, Doris Mute, Elizabeth Cravalho, project’s Food Security Advisory Committee for their Freida Moon-Kimoktoak, Grant Ballot, Heather Dingman, guidance and information provided throughout the project Jeffrey Egoak, Joann S. Andrew, Josaphine Sampson, Julie and for the contributions provided to this report. Raymond-Yakoubian, Kevin Bartley, Kevin Jernigan, Maija Lukin, Martha Whitman-Kassock, Meghan Topkok, Tank you to the funders of this project: Alaska Native Fund Michelle Durant, Millie Stalker, Nicole Kanayurak, Nicole at Alaska Conservation Foundation, Arctic Slope Regional Ranklin, Pauline Harvey, Robert Suvlu, Sharon Rodgers Corporation, Calista Corporation, ConocoPhillips, and Virginia Charlie. Donlin Gold LLC, Maniilaq Association, NANA Regional Corporation, North Slope Borough, Northwest Tank you to everyone who provided photographs for this Arctic Borough, Norton Sound Economic Development report. Your photos assist in demonstrating what Alaskan Corporation, Oak Foundation and World Wildlife Fund. Inuit food security is: Amos Oxereok, Jackie Cleveland, Maija Lukin, Mary Sage and the North Slope Borough. Tank you to the organizations that provided important, invaluable in-kind contributions: Alaska Commercial During this project we lost three Elders who served as Company, Alaska Native Fund at Alaska Conserative contributing authors and/or provided invaluable guidance Foundation, Association of Village Council Presidents, during the project. We are humbled by their knowledge and Atmautluak Traditional Council, Bering Air, City of thankful for their generosity in sharing information. Quyana, Emmonak, Hanson Trading Company (Safeway), Iñupiat Chief Paul John, John J. Evan and Mike Andrew Sr.. Heritage Center, Kawerak, Inc., Kobuk Clinic, Lower Kalskag Tribal Council, National Park Service, North Slope Borough Photo courtesy of Jacki Cleveland TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary . 4 Indigenous Knowledge. 7 Introduction . 8 Summary of Project Methodology . 9 Location of Project . 9 Understanding Alaskan Inuit Food Security . 11 Alaskan Inuit Food Security Conceptual Framework . 12 Drivers of Food (In)Security . 14 Connectivity and Cumulative Impacts . 16 How We See the Alaskan Arctic .. 18 Recommendations . 20 Barriers . 24 Conclusion . 25 Glossary . 26 References . 28 About ICC-Alaska . 29 List of Figures Figure 1. Image of Arctic Interlinking Puzzle Pieces . .. ... .. ... 11 Figure 2. Changes in sea ice coverage, thickness and formation: cumulative impacts on interconnected dimensions of food security . .. ... .. .... ... 16 Figure 3. Interconnecting drivers surrounding walrus within a given time and space . .. ... .. .... ... .. ... .. .. .. 19 “Food is a lifeline to the community.” “We have a duty and responsibility to “We should have the right to take care take care of what is around us. When we of ourselves.” “All of the plants, all of the animals, no longer use these things, they are no the water, the air, the land is all of what longer available.” “How can we let the state (Alaska) or feds we are. … It is who
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