2016 Minerals Yearbook

TAJIKISTAN [ADVANCE RELEASE]

U.S. Department of the Interior January 2020 U.S. Geological Survey The Mineral Industry of By Karine M. Renaud

In 2016, Tajikistan ranked second and fifth in world (Agency on Statistics Under the President of the Republic of production of antimony and mercury, respectively, and Tajikistan, 2016, p. 239, 241–245). accounted for 10% and 1% of world production, respectively. In addition, aluminum, cement, coal, crude petroleum, gold, Production gypsum, lead, natural gas, salt, sand and gravel, silver, and zinc In 2016, the mine output of antimony (gross weight) increased were produced (table 1; George, 2018; Klochko, 2018). by 107%; antimony (Sb content), by 100%; gold (Au content), Minerals in the National Economy by 66%; zinc concentrate (gross weight), by 47%; zinc (Zn content of ore), by 44%; lead (gross weight), by 43%; and lead In 2016, the real gross domestic product (GDP) increased (Pb content) by 42%. The mine output of silver (Ag content) by 6.9% compared with 6.0% in 2015. The nominal GDP was decreased by 25%, and the production of natural gas decreased $7.0 billion. Industrial production (including energy, gas, and by 24%; lignite, by 12%; and primary aluminum, by 8%. Data water) increased by 16.0% in 2016 compared with 11.2% in on mineral production are in table 1. 2015. Within the industrial sector, manufacturing production increased by 12.8% compared with that of 2015. In 2016, the Structure of the Mineral Industry value of mineral sector output increased to 2.99 billion somoni Table 2 is a list of major mineral industry facilities. ($368 million)1 from 1.64 billion somoni ($235 million) in 2015 and accounted for 20% of the total value of the industrial sector. Commodity Review The value of output of the manufacturing sector increased to 9.3 billion somoni ($1.2 billion) in 2016 from 8.0 billion somoni Metals ($1.15 billion) in 2015 and accounted for 62.2% of the total value of the industrial sector (Agency on Statistics Under the Gold.—In 2016, Tajikistan’s production of gold increased President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016, p. 147, 151; 2017, by 66% to 6,987 kilograms (kg) from 4,200 kg in 2015. The p. 147, 151; Asian Development Bank, 2017, p. 236; World producers of gold were the following companies: JV Zarafshon Bank, The, 2017). Gold Co. LLC [a subsidiary of Zijin Mining Group Co. Ltd. In 2016, Tajikistan’s exports totaled $898.7 million (ZGC) of China and the leading gold producer in Tajikistan], compared with $890.6 million in 2015, and its imports totaled which produced 3,300 kg of gold in 2016; the Tajik-Canadian $3.0 billion compared with $3.4 billion in 2015. In 2016, the joint venture Aprelevka, 590 kg; Tilloi Tochik [Tajik Gold] export value of precious and semiprecious stones and metals (owned by the JV Zarafshon Gold, 75%, and the Government, decreased by 52.2% to $99.3 million from $207.6 million in 25%), 570 kg; China Nonferrous Gold Ltd. (CNG) of China, 2015 and accounted for 11% of total exports. The export value 162 kg; the private company Odina; and artisanal miners (Zijin of nonprecious metals decreased by 2.9% to $225.4 million Mining Group Co. Ltd., 2015c, p. 12; Asia-Plus, 2017). from $232.1 million in 2015 and accounted for 25.1% of total In 2016, ZGC’s licensed area was composed of the Jilau, the exports. Tajikistan exported 162,000 metric tons (t) of cement Khirskhona, the Olympic, and the Taror deposits, and other to neighboring countries, including Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, small occurrences. In 2015 (the latest year for which detailed and . The country’s main export partners were data were available), the resources of Jilau were estimated to Kazakhstan and Turkey (each of which received 22% of be 43,000 kg (1.38 million troy ounces) of gold at a grade of Tajikistan’s exports), Switzerland (11%), Afghanistan (8%), 0.88 gram per metric ton (g/t) gold. The resources of Taror were and Russia (6%) (Agency on Statistics Under the President of estimated to be 58,000 kg (1.87 million troy ounces) of gold at the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016, p. 236, 238, 241–245; Global a grade of 5.28 g/t gold. At Taror, ZGC tested a new ammonium Cement, 2016). cyanide leaching process for gold extraction from oxidized In 2016, the import value of precious and semiprecious stones copper-bearing ores. This method would decrease processing and metals decreased by 93% to $7.0 from $101.0 million in time by four to eight times (Mineral.ru, 2015; Minerjob.ru, 2015 and accounted for 0.2% of total imports; the import value 2015; Zijin Mining Group Co. Ltd., 2015a, p. 39; 2015b, p. 7; of nonprecious metals increased by 4.1% and accounted for Chorshanbiyev, 2017). 11.5% of total imports; that of chemical products increased In 2016, CNG operated the Pakrut Mine through its subsidiary by 2.9% to $336.9 million and accounted for 11.1% of total LLC Pakrut and produced 5,500 t of gold concentrate containing imports; and that of alumina oxide increased by 1.2%. The 162 kg of gold. The Pakrut license area consisted of the Pakrut country’s main import partners were Russia (which supplied gold deposit and a 63-square-kilometer exploration area, which 33% of Tajikistan’s imports), China (28%), and Kazakhstan (16%) was located in the metalliferous southern Tien Shan Gold Belt (China Nonferrous Gold Ltd., 2014, p. 7; 2015a, b; 2016a, p. 5; 1Where necessary, values have been converted from Tajikistani somoni (TJS) 2016b, p. 2). to U.S. dollars (US$) at an annual average exchange rate of TJS7.88=US$1.00 for 2016 and TJS6.98=US$1.00 for 2015.

Tajikistan—2016 [ADVANCE RELEASE] 46.1 Lead and Zinc.—In 2016, lead concentrate production China Nonferrous Gold Ltd., 2015b, Half-yearly report—Interim increased by 43% to 84,749 t, and lead content of ore increased results for the six-month period ended 30 June 2015: London, United Kingdom, China Nonferrous Gold Ltd. (Accessed August 23, 2016, at to 51,000 t. Production of zinc concentrate increased by 47% http://asia.tools.euroland.com/tools/Pressreleases/GetPressRelease/ to 145,965 t from 99,621 t, and that of zinc content of ore ?ID=3173652&lang=en-GB&companycode=uk-kys&v=.) increased by 44% to 72,000 t from a revised 50,000 t. According China Nonferrous Gold Ltd., 2016a, Annual report and financial statements to the agreement between the Governments of China and for the year ended 31 December 2016: London, United Kingdom, China Nonferrous Gold Ltd., 52 p. (Accessed August 17, 2017, at Tajikistan, Xinjiang Tacheng International Resources Ltd. of http://www.cnfgold.com/Managed/Resources/docs/FinancialStatements/ China was expected to invest $500 million in development annualreport2016.pdf.) of the north Zarnisor deposit and construction of the China- China Nonferrous Gold Ltd., 2016b, Interim results for the six-month period Tajikistan industrial zone in Istikol city. The construction ended 30 June 2016: London, United Kingdom, China Nonferrous Gold Ltd., 12 p. (Accessed August 17, 2017, at http://www.cnfgold.com/Managed/ of a new lead-zinc metallurgical plant started (the date was Resources/docs/FinancialStatements/interimresults30june2016.pdf.) not specified) in the city of Istikol in Sughd Province with Chorshanbiyev, Payrav, 2013, Construction of metallurgical works in northern the capacity to process 100,000 metric tons per year of ore Tajikistan discussed in : Asia-Plus [Dushanbe, Tajikistan], April 2. and was expected to be completed at the end of 2017. The (Accessed September 12, 2014, at http://news.tj/en/news/construction- metallurgical-works-northern-tajikistan-discussed-dushanbe.) cost of construction was estimated to be $200 million; the Chorshanbiyev, Payrav, 2017, V Tajikistane protestirovali unikal’niy metod plant would employ 1,300 people, 90% of whom would be izvlecheniya zolota [The new method of gold extraction was tested local (Chorshanbiyev, 2013; Ministry of Industry and New in Tajikistan]: Asia-Plus [Dushanbe, Tajikistan], April 19. (Accessed Technologies of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2013; Kazakhstan August 17, 2017, at https://news.tj/ru/news/tajikistan/economic/20170419/ v-tadzhikistane-protestirovali-unikalnii-metod-izvlecheniya-zolota.) Today, 2014; Asian, The, 2016; Muhammadradjab and George, M.W., 2018, Mercury: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Bakozoda, 2016). Summaries 2018, p. 106−107. Global Cement, 2016, Tajikistan starts to export cement to Uzbekistan in Outlook 2016: Pro Global Media Ltd., October 18. (Accessed August 22, 2017, at http://www.globalcement.com/news/item/5403-tajikistan-starts-to-export- Tajikistan relies heavily on foreign investments and loans for cement-to-uzbekistan-in-2016.) infrastructure development and mineral enterprises. In 2016, Kazakhstan Today, 2014, V Tajikistane nachato stroitelstvo krupnogo metallurgicheskogo combinata [The construction of large metallurgical plant foreign companies were engaged in the production of gold, lead, began in Tajikistan]: Economics, TOO “Kazakhstan Today Media Group,” and zinc and are projected to continue to increase production July 7. (Accessed July 17, 2014, at http://www.kt.kz/rus/economy/ and to invest in new production projects of these commodities v_tadzhikistane_nachato_stroiteljstvo_krupnogo_metallurgicheskogo_ in the coming years. Tajikistan also plans to increase cement kombinata_1153586911.html.) Klochko, Kateryna, 2018, Antimony: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral production and export. The future of Tajikistan’s economy will Commodity Summaries 2018, p. 22−23. most likely continue to depend on economic strength in Russia Mineral.ru, 2015, ZiJin planiruyet uvelichit dobychu zolota v Tajikistane na and other trading partners (Asian Development Bank, 2017, 32% [Zijin plans to increase production of gold in Tajikistan by 32%]: p. 10). Informational and Analytical Center—Mineral, September 3. (Accessed August 23, 2016, at http://mineral.ru/News/77210.html.) Minerjob.ru, 2015, Kitaiskiye geologi prodolzhayut poisk zolota na References Cited mestorozhdenii Khirshona v Tajikistane [Chinese geologists are continuing to search for gold at Khirshona deposit in Tajikistan]: Minerjob.ru, Agency on Statistics Under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 October 5. (Accessed August 23, 2016, at http://www.minerjob.ru/ Social-economic positions of the Republic of Tajikistan January–December: viewnew.php?id=29631.) Dushanbe, Tajikistan, Statistical Agency Under the President of the Republic Ministry of Industry and New Technologies of the Republic of Tajikistan, of Tajikistan, 280 p. (Accessed August 21, 2016, at http://stat.ww.tj/ 2013, Tajikistan and China will create industrial zone: Dushanbe, Tajikistan, 357eafa385e4580eb1ea219927718db1_1484381355.pdf.) Ministry of Industry and New Technologies of the Republic of Tajikistan. Agency on Statistics Under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2017, (Accessed October 7, 2015, at http://www.sanoat.tj/en/view_new.php?id=47.) Social-economic positions of the Republic of Tajikistan January–December: Muhammadradjab, Ma’cum, and Bakozoda, Hiromon, 2016, Kitai obeshayet Dushanbe, Tajikistan, Statistical Agency Under the President of the Republic $500 millionov i nachal stroitelstvo obogotitel’nogo combinata [China of Tajikistan, 282 p. (Accessed August 16, 2017, at http://www.stat.tj/en/img/ promises $500 million and began construction of the ore-processing plant]: 357eafa385e4580eb1ea219927718db1_1484381355.pdf.) Dushanbe, Tajikistan, Radio Azadi, June 14. (Accessed August 21, 2017, at Asian Development Bank, 2017, Asian development outlook (ADO) 2017— https://rus.ozodi.org/a/27797314.html.) Transcending the middle-income challenge: Mandaluyong, Philippines, Asian World Bank, The, 2017, Tajikistan: Washington, DC, The World Bank. Development Bank, 317 p. (Accessed August 16, 2017, at http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ Asian, The, 2016, Tajik-Chinese industrial zone to be established in Tajik tajikistan/overview.) city of Istikol: The Asian [Seoul, Republic of Korea], June 16. (Accessed Zijin Mining Group Co. Ltd., 2015a, Annual results announcement for the year August 19, 2016, at http://www.theasian.asia/archives/95093.) ended 31 December 2015: Xiamen, China, Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd., Asia-Plus, 2017, Annual production of gold reportedly reaches 5 tons in Tajikistan: March, 54 p. (Accessed August 23, 2016, at http://www.zijinmining.com/ Asia-Plus [Dushanbe, Tajikistan], January 25. (Accessed August 17, 2017, at upload/file/2016/03/29/36068756c0b04a64929671be87cda0f6.pdf.) https://news.tj/en/news/tajikistan/economic/20170125/235942.) Zijin Mining Group Co. Ltd., 2015b, Interim report 2015: Xiamen, China, China Nonferrous Gold Ltd., 2014, Annual report and financial statements Zijin Mining Group Co. Ltd., 186 p. (Accessed September 16, 2014, for the year ended 31 December 2014: London, United Kingdom, China at http://www.zijinmining.com/Portals/1/%E5%85%AC%E5%91% Nonferrous Gold Ltd., December 31, 58 p. (Accessed August 19, 2015, at 8A/2013%20Interim%20Report.pdf.) http://www.cnfgold.com/Managed/Resources/docs/FinancialStatements/ Zijin Mining Group Co. Ltd., 2015c, Zijin mining 2015 full year results: annualreport2014.pdf.) Xiamen, China, Zijin Mining Group Co. Ltd., March, 34 p. (Accessed China Nonferrous Gold Ltd., 2015a, Commissioning of processing plant and August 23, 2016, at http://www.zijinmining.com/upload/file/2016/04/01/ commenced of trial production: London, United Kingdom, China Nonferrous 3cefe33c2f364a3bba94e3688eee55c3.pdf.) Gold Ltd. (Accessed August 23, 2016, at http://asia.tools.euroland.com/tools/ Pressreleases/GetPressRelease/?ID=3173908&lang=en-GB&companycode= uk-kys&v=.)

46.2 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2016 TaBLE 1 TAJIKISTAN: PRODUCTION OF MINERAL COMMODITIES1

(Metric tons, gross weight, unless otherwise specified)

Commodity2 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 METaLs Aluminum metal, primary 272,500 216,369 125,000 140,000 r 129,000 Antimony, mine output: Gross weight, concentrate 24,100 e 31,700 e 35,000 e 29,036 60,000 Sb content of concentrate 5,545 7,308 r 8,058 7,000 r 14,000 Gold, mine output, Au content kilograms 2,400 2,774 3,477 4,200 6,987 Lead, mine output, concentrate: Gross weight 27,000 e, r 28,000 e, r 50,000 e, r 59,295 r 84,749 Pb content of ore 16,000 r 17,000 r 28,000 r 36,000 r 51,000 Mercury, Hg content of oree 32 30 35 30 30 Silver, mine output, Ag content kilograms 1,767 1,800 3,000 4,000 3,000 Zinc, mine ouput, concentrate: Gross weight 60,000 e 48,000 e 96,000 e 99,621 145,965 Zn content of ore 30,000 r 24,000 48,000 r 50,000 r 72,000 INDUSTRIAL MINERALS Cement, hydraulic thousand metric tons 232 384 1,150 1,418 r 1,999 Gypsum 14,000 12,200 12,455 8,500 r 8,750 Salt 27,954 30,971 34,553 35,704 r 35,516 Sand and gravel, construction, unspecified 3,200 r 442,000 r 494,000 r 1,066,000 r 1,130,000 MINERAL FUELS AND RELATED MATERIALS Coal: Bituminous 318,148 411,521 821,931 985,019 1,311,161 Lignite 93,641 103,954 56,200 57,472 50,414 Gas, natural thousand cubic meters 11,170 3,928 3,216 3,800 r 2,900 Petroleum, crude 42-gallon barrels 218,000 199,000 179,000 180,000 183,000 eEstimated; estimated data are rounded to no more than three significant digits. rRevised. 1Table includes data available through November 28, 2017. All data are reported unless otherwise noted. 2In addition to the commodities listed, a number of other mineral commodities, including clay (loam), fluorspar, limestone, marble, and refined petroleum products were thought to have been produced, but available information was inadequate to make reliable estimates of output.

TaBLE 2 TAJIKISTAN: STRUCTURE OF THE MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 20161

(Thousand metric tons unless otherwise specified)

Major operating companies and major Annual Commodity equity owners Location of main facilities capacitye Aluminum Tajik Aluminum Co. (TALCO) Tursunzade smelter 520 (Government, 100%) Antimony: Ore, gross weight Anzob mining-beneficiation complex (Comsup Dzhizhikrutskoye antimony-mercury 60 Commodities Inc., 100%) (Sb-Hg) deposit Sb content of ore Isfara hydrometallurgical plant (Government, 100%) Isfara 14 Cement JSC Tajikcement Ltd. Dushanbe 1,200 Do. Huaxin Gayur Cement Co. Ltd., 75%, and Yovon Cement, Yovon district, 1,000 Gayur LLC, 25% Khatlon Province Do. Ghayur-Sughd Cement (Tajik Ghayur Co. and Ghafur district 1,200 Hauksin Central Asia Investment) Do. Chjuntsay-Taboshar Cement na 600 Do. LLC Tojikiston Kharangon village, district 70 Do. Isfarinsky Cement Isfarinsky region 1,000 Do. Sarabansky Cement na 70 Do. Toj-China cement plant, JV Tajikistan-China Co. Distirct 1,200 Do. Chzhungtsai Mohir Cement Co. Yovon district, Khatlon Province 1,200 See footnotes at the end of table

Tajikistan—2016 [ADVANCE RELEASE] 46.3 TaBLE 2—Continued TAJIKISTAN: STRUCTURE OF THE MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 20161

(Thousand metric tons unless otherwise specified)

Major operating companies and major Annual Commodity equity owners Location of main facilities capacitye Clay, loam SP Anzob Varzobskoye Ushchel'ye deposit na Coal Kaisun Energy Group Ltd. UP Fong-Yaghnob, Pyandzh region 50 Do. Isfara hydrometallurgical plant Isfara 300 Do. OJSC Angisht Shurob region 32 Do. do. Shurob brown coal deposit na Do. SP Anzob do. na Dolomite Yavan electrochemical complex Pashkharvoskoye deposit na Fluorspar, concentrate Takob mining-beneficiation complex Takob and Krasnye Kholmy deposits 60 Gold, ore, kilograms Aprelevka joint venture (Government, 51%, and Aprelevka deposit 600 au content Central Asia Minerals and Resources through subsidiary Gulf International Minerals Ltd., 49%) Do. Odina na na Do. kilograms Darvaz joint venture Yak-Suyskoye deposit, Khatlon 2,000 Province Do. OOO Takom Gold na na Do. kilograms Tilloi Tochik (Tajik Gold) [JV Zarafshon Gold Co. LLC Tilloi Tochik, Khatlon Province 600 (Zijin Mining Group Co. Ltd., 75%, and Government, 25%)] Do. do. do. Jilau, Khirskhona, Olympic, 4,000 and Taror deposits, Sughd Province Do. do. China Nonferrous Gold Ltd. (CNG), through Pakrut gold project, southern portion 700 subsidiary LLC Pakrut, 100% of the Tien Shan Gold Belt Gold, ore processing Kansayskaya factory Aprelevka, Burgunda, Kyzyl-Chek, na and Shkol'noye deposits Do. Vostokredmet refinery Qizfaquz na Lead-zinc, ore, gross weight Adrasman mining-beneficiation complex Adrasman, Sughd Province na (Government, 100%) Do. Kansayskoye mining complex Karamazor region na Do. Takaeliyskiy metallurgical complex na na Do. Zarnisor Shimoli (Tajik-China Mining Co. Ltd.) Northern Altyn-Topkan and na Pay Buloq Do. Tibet Summit Industry Co. Altyn-Topkan na Limestone Dushanbe cement complex Kharangonskoye deposit na Mercury, Hg content of ore Anzob mining-beneficiation complex (Comsup Dzhizhikrutskoye deposit 150 Commodities Inc., 100%) Petroleum: Crude thousand Beshtentyakskoye, Kichik-Belskoye, Shaambary, Southern Tajik depression 250 42-gallon barrels and Uzunkhorskoye deposits Refined do. na Turshzoda town, district 456 Do. do. OJSC Naftrason Kanibadam City, Sughd Province 513 Salt Ashtskiy plant Kamyshkurganskoye deposit na Do. Khoja-Sartez, Samanchi, and Tanabchi deposits na na Do. Voseyskiy plant Khodzha-Muminskoye deposit na Sand and gravel Anvar LLC na 58 Silver kilograms JV Zarafshon Gold Company LLC Jilau, Sughd Province 4 Do. do. do. Taror deposits, Sughd Province 800 Do. Adrasman mining-beneficiation complex Adrasman, Sughd Province na Do. Aprelevka joint venture (Government, 51%, and Aprelevka deposit na Central Asia Minerals and Resources through subsidiary Gulf International Minerals Ltd., 49%) Do. Kanjol ore field [Nukrafom Co. (Silverhill Resources Ltd., 100%)] Gafurov district, Sughd Province na Do. kytco BV Akjilga na Stone, marble Dal'yan Bolo deposit Ganchinskiy region na Do. Dashtak deposit Darvaz region na Do. Jilikul deposit Pendzhikentskiy region na eEstimated; estimated data are rounded to no more than three significant digits. Do., do. Ditto. NA Not available. 1Many location names have changed since the breakup of the Soviet Union. Many enterprises, however, are still named or commonly referred to based on the former location name, which accounts for discrepancies in the names of enterprises and locations.

46.4 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2016