DOCSLIB.ORG

Final Report April 2007

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Final Report April 2007 JFPR Grant No. 9078-TAJ Community-based Rural Road Maintenance Project Baseline Survey and Poverty Impact Assessment Report Draft Final Report April 2007 Gregory R. Gajewski, Ph.D. Poverty Impact Specialist and Principal in Charge Project Implementation Unit Ministry of Transport Republic of Tajikistan The Louis Berger Group, Inc. THE LOUIS BERGER GROUP, INC. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS / ABBREVIATIONS / TAJIK WORDS ...........................................................................4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................................................................................5 KEY FINDINGS ..........................................................................................................................................................6 1. INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................................8 1.1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................................................8 1.2. OBJECTIVE OF BASELINE SURVEY AND POVERTY IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT..........................................9 1.2.1. Unique Feature – Development Impact Study with a Control Group ..................................................9 2. PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION ...................................................................................................................9 2.1. DATA/INFORMATION COLLECTION TOOLS.....................................................................................................9 2.2. LOCATIONS AND SAMPLING.........................................................................................................................10 2.2.1. Small-Sample Surveys.........................................................................................................................11 2.2.2. Focus Group Discussions...................................................................................................................13 2.2.3. Traffic Counts.....................................................................................................................................13 2.2.4. Formats and Methods to Collect Data for Multi-Criteria Analysis....................................................13 2.3. TIMING ........................................................................................................................................................13 3. SELECTION OF PROJECT ROADS.............................................................................................................13 3.1. MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................16 3.1.1. Multi-Criteria Analysis: Form to Assist in the Selection of Project Roads by Mahallas (Communities).....................................................................................................................................................17 3.2. SELECTED PROJECT ROADS .........................................................................................................................18 4. BASELINE CONDITIONS FOR FUTURE MONITORING & EVALUATION AND CONDUCTING POVERTY IMPACT ASSESSMENT – KEY ELEMENTS..................................................................................21 4.1. DEFINING CORRIDOR OF INFLUENCE AND ESTIMATING NUMBER OF BENEFICIARIES...................................21 4.2. DEFINING THE “POOR” AND ESTIMATING POVERTY INCIDENCE ..................................................................21 4.3. USE OF CONTROL GROUP ............................................................................................................................23 PART I: BASELINE CONDITIONS.......................................................................................................................24 5. BASELINE CONDITIONS..............................................................................................................................24 5.1. OVERVIEW...................................................................................................................................................24 5.1.1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents ...........................................................................................26 5.2. HOUSEHOLD SURVEY ..................................................................................................................................28 5.2.1. Number of Household Members .........................................................................................................28 5.2.2. Household Income ..............................................................................................................................28 5.2.3. Occupation .........................................................................................................................................29 5.2.4. Household Roles.................................................................................................................................29 5.2.5. Agriculture Products and Livestock ...................................................................................................30 5.2.6. Land Ownership .................................................................................................................................32 5.2.7. Access to a Road Network ..................................................................................................................33 5.3. PASSENGER SURVEY....................................................................................................................................33 5.3.1. Number of Household Members .........................................................................................................33 5.3.2. Passenger Household Income.............................................................................................................34 5.3.3. Food Insecurity...................................................................................................................................34 5.3.4. HIV/AIDS............................................................................................................................................35 5.3.5. Access to Road Network .....................................................................................................................35 5.3.6. Access to Markets ...............................................................................................................................35 5.3.7. Access to Social Services (Schools & Hospitals)................................................................................36 JFPR Grant No. 9078-TAJ: Community-based Rural Road Maintenance Project 2 Baseline Survey and Poverty Impact Assessment Report: Draft Final Report April 2007 THE LOUIS BERGER GROUP, INC. 5.3.8. Travel Mode & Cost ...........................................................................................................................36 5.4. DRIVER SURVEY ..........................................................................................................................................37 5.4.1. Number of Household Members .........................................................................................................38 5.4.2. Driver Household Income...................................................................................................................38 5.4.3. Food Insecurity...................................................................................................................................38 5.4.4. HIV/AIDS............................................................................................................................................38 5.4.5. Education............................................................................................................................................39 5.4.6. Access to Road Network .....................................................................................................................39 5.4.6.1. Travel Distance and Time ..............................................................................................................39 5.4.6.2. Travel Mode ...................................................................................................................................39 5.4.6.3. Travel Cost .....................................................................................................................................40 5.5. SHOP SURVEY..............................................................................................................................................40 5.5.1. Access to Road Network .....................................................................................................................40 5.5.2. Shop Income (Gross Income)..............................................................................................................41 5.6. FARMER SURVEY.........................................................................................................................................41 5.6.1. Access to Road Network .....................................................................................................................41 5.6.1.1. Travel Distance and Time ..............................................................................................................41
Load more

Recommended publications
  • From the Ground up Case Studies in Community Empowerment
    REBUILDING BROKEN LIVES After gaining Independence in 1991, Tajikistan endured economic collapse, civil war, and widespread hunger. To help rural people back on their feet, ADB financed a pilot microcredit-based livelihood project for women and farmers. Implemented through two international NGOs, the Aga Khan Foundation and CARE International, the experiment encountered many challenges, but produced several positive outcomes The women’s group composes a peaceful scene, without a hint of the tumultuous circumstances that spawned it. In a drab building in Vahdat district in western Tajikistan, a dozen women, mostly young, are bent over a long table, their fingers busy with embroidery. Along a wall behind them, older women are stitching a floral- patterned kurpacha, the thick, multipurpose Tajik quilt. Some of the girls are teenagers, who are only dimly aware of the horrors that followed Tajikistan’s unsought independence in 1991. But Zebo Oimatova, 52, a benevolent figure in traditional kurta (robe) and headscarf who is watching over the room like a mother hen, remembers it all—economic ruin, villages torn apart by civil war, the hardscrabble existence and, finally, a chance to rebuild shattered lives. In 2002, Ms. Oimatova, a warm-hearted woman of simple sincerity, was elected chairperson of a women’s federation, a community-based organization created under a pilot Asian Development Bank (ADB)-financed project to provide microcredit for women to start small businesses and farmers to improve crops. Despite being overawed—“I thought I could not manage the job because I am only average and not so well educated,” she confesses—Ms. Oimatova has seen her group grow from a handful to over 2,500 members and, importantly, become self-sufficient.
    [Show full text]
  • Aga Khan Agency for Habitat Provides Refresher Courses for Certs
    Enhancing readiness of emergency response volunteers in Tajikistan Aga Khan Agency for Habitat provides refresher courses for CERTs Rasht, Tajikistan, 23 April 2020 – The Aga Khan Agency for Habitat (AKAH) Tajikistan, through the financial support of the Government of Switzerland, completed refresher trainings for the Community Emergency Response Teams (CERTs) formed in Rasht valley. The trainings, which were conducted within the Integrated Health and Habitat Improvement (IHHI) project, are designed to enhance the readiness of the CERTs to respond to emergency situations across the Districts of Republican Subordination. The training prepares the volunteers to be the first responders in the event of a disaster. It capitalises on their knowledge of the terrain, language and culture, as captured by trainer Munira Qurbonmamadova, “Our approach is tailored to the cultural dynamics in each area. For example, in Shashvolon, we held a separate training for the women, which was very well received.” Shukrona, a local nurse and committed community volunteer who helped mobilise her fellow women volunteers agrees, “The training offered a safe place to learn freely and to practice. Women constitute a significant number of our communities so it’s important that their specific needs are considered in emergency response.” The trainings were undertaken in seven villages of Rasht, Roghun, Lakhsh, Tojikobod, Fayzobod, Nurobod, and Sangvor districts from 17 to 20 April. A total of 210 participants (equal representation of men and women) successfully concluded the two-day training, acquiring renewed theoretical knowledge and practical experience on first aid, Incident Command System (ICS), and search and rescue. They also enhanced techniques in bleeding prevention, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and victim transportation.
    [Show full text]
  • Tajikistan, Dushanbe–Kyrgyz Border Road Rehabilitation Project
    Completion Report Project Number: 34569 Loan Number: 2062-TAJ August 2010 Tajikistan: Dushanbe–Kyrgyz Border Road Rehabilitation Project (Phase 1) CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit – Tajik somoni (TJS) At Appraisal At Project Completion 15 November 2003 31 December 2009 TJS1.00 = $0.3274 $0.22988 $1.00 = TJS3.0544 TJS4.3500 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank CAREC – Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation EIRR – economic internal rate of return GDP – gross domestic product ICB – international competitive bidding M&E – monitoring and evaluation MOTC – Ministry of Transport and Communication NCB – national competitive bidding OFID – OPEC Fund for International Development OPEC – Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries PIU – project implementation unit PRC – People’s Republic of China TA – technical assistance VOC – vehicle operating cost NOTES (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the government ends on 31 December. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. Vice-President X. Zhao, Operations 1 Director General J. Miranda, Central and West Asia Department (CWRD) Director H. Wang, Transport and Communications Division, CWRD Team leader F. Nuriddinov, Project Implementation Officer, CWRD Team members L. Chernova, Assistant Project Analyst, CWRD N. Kvanchiany, Senior Project Assistant, CWRD In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. CONTENTS Page BASIC DATA MAP OF PROJECT LOCATION I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1 II. EVALUATION OF DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 2 A. Relevance of Design and Formulation 2 B.
    [Show full text]
  • The Republic of Tajikistan Ministry of Energy and Industry
    The Republic of Tajikistan Ministry of Energy and Industry DATA COLLECTION SURVEY ON THE INSTALLMENT OF SMALL HYDROPOWER STATIONS FOR THE COMMUNITIES OF KHATLON OBLAST IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN FINAL REPORT September 2012 Japan International Cooperation Agency NEWJEC Inc. E C C CR (1) 12-005 Final Report Contents, List of Figures, Abbreviations Data Collection Survey on the Installment of Small Hydropower Stations for the Communities of Khatlon Oblast in the Republic of Tajikistan FINAL REPORT Table of Contents Summary Chapter 1 Preface 1.1 Objectives and Scope of the Study .................................................................................. 1 - 1 1.2 Arrangement of Small Hydropower Potential Sites ......................................................... 1 - 2 1.3 Flowchart of the Study Implementation ........................................................................... 1 - 7 Chapter 2 Overview of Energy Situation in Tajikistan 2.1 Economic Activities and Electricity ................................................................................ 2 - 1 2.1.1 Social and Economic situation in Tajikistan ....................................................... 2 - 1 2.1.2 Energy and Electricity ......................................................................................... 2 - 2 2.1.3 Current Situation and Planning for Power Development .................................... 2 - 9 2.2 Natural Condition ............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Tajikistan Young Leaders Program
    TAJIKISTAN YOUNG LEADERS PROGRAM Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Survey Pre and Post Test Month and Year Counterpart YLP Office 66 Rudaki Avenue, Apartment 4, Dushanbe, Tajikistan, 734001 1 Today’s date: ____/_____________/ ______ date month year INTRODUCTION You have been selected to participate in the survey to help Counterpart International better understand the knowledge and skills of our program participants. We would like to learn more from you about your perception of the Youth Leadership Program and what you have learned through participating in it. Your participation in the survey is voluntary. If you do not wish to participate, please return the empty questionnaire to the Youth Educator. Your participation in the survey is confidential. Only the researcher in Dushanbe and Counterpart’s Dushanbe-based team will have access to your questionnaire. The researcher will analyze all the responses from the participating youth in Zarafshan Valley, Rasht Valley and Badakhshan in an aggregate form. No one will be looking at your individual answers – the researcher will look for common trends among all participants of the survey. Please answer the questions below to the best of your knowledge. If you are not sure of the answer, simply circle Don’t Know. Thank you for participating in the survey! Your responses are very important to the Youth Leadership Program! The Young Leaders Program is one of the many assistance projects supported by the American people through USAID. Since 1992, USAID has provided more than $360 million in programs that support Tajikistan’s security, democratic institutions, the social sector, and economic growth.
    [Show full text]
  • TAJIKISTAN TAJIKISTAN Country – Livestock
    APPENDIX 15 TAJIKISTAN 870 км TAJIKISTAN 414 км Sangimurod Murvatulloev 1161 км Dushanbe,Tajikistan / [email protected] Tel: (992 93) 570 07 11 Regional meeting on Foot-and-Mouth Disease to develop a long term regional control strategy (Regional Roadmap for West Eurasia) 1206 км Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran 3 651 . 9 - 13 November 2008 Общая протяженность границы км Regional meeting on Foot-and-Mouth Disease to develop a long term Regional control strategy (Regional Roadmap for West Eurasia) TAJIKISTAN Country – Livestock - 2007 Territory - 143.000 square km Cities Dushanbe – 600.000 Small Population – 7 mln. Khujand – 370.000 Capital – Dushanbe Province Cattle Dairy Cattle ruminants Yak Kurgantube – 260.000 Official language - tajiki Kulob – 150.000 Total in Ethnic groups Tajik – 75% Tajikistan 1422614 756615 3172611 15131 Uzbek – 20% Russian – 3% Others – 2% GBAO 93619 33069 267112 14261 Sughd 388486 210970 980853 586 Khatlon 573472 314592 1247475 0 DRD 367037 197984 677171 0 Regional meeting on Foot-and-Mouth Disease to develop a long term Regional control strategy Regional meeting on Foot-and-Mouth Disease to develop a long term Regional control strategy (Regional Roadmap for West Eurasia) (Regional Roadmap for West Eurasia) Country – Livestock - 2007 Current FMD Situation and Trends Density of sheep and goats Prevalence of FM D population in Tajikistan Quantity of beans Mastchoh Asht 12827 - 21928 12 - 30 Ghafurov 21929 - 35698 31 - 46 Spitamen Zafarobod Konibodom 35699 - 54647 Spitamen Isfara M astchoh A sht 47
    [Show full text]
  • Swiss-Tajik Cooperation: Nearly 20 Years of Primary Healthcare Development
    Swiss-Tajik Cooperation: Nearly 20 years of Primary Healthcare Development Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Population of the Republic of Tajikistan Swiss-Tajik Collaboration: Nearly 20 years of Primary Healthcare Development With high levels of poverty and two thirds of its nurses. This was achieved by putting greater people living in rural areas, Tajikistan’s primary focus on practical, clinical skills, communica- health care system and the quality education of tion techniques and providing early exposure its health workers are essential to make health to rural practice realities, with students working care more accessible. The Enhancing Primary directly with patients under the guidance of ex- Health Care Services Project (Project Sino) and perienced colleagues – as is routinely done in the Medical Education Reform Project (MEP) Switzerland. have been committed to the pursuit of Univer- To achieve the health-related Sustaina- sal Health Coverage (UHC) through develop- ble Development Goals, Switzerland promotes ment of the health system and medical educa- UHC through activities that establish social pro- tion reform for close to 20 years. The projects tection mechanisms in health and advocate for are supported by the Swiss Agency for De- access to quality healthcare. SDC in particular velopment and Cooperation (SDC) and imple- supports the drive towards UHC and that atten- Swiss-Tajik Cooperation: mented by the Swiss Tropical and Public Health tion is paid to the needs of the poor, such as the Nearly 20 years of Primary Institute (Swiss TPH). assistance provided in Tajikistan. Healthcare Development The projects were conceived to sup- port, and work directly with, the Ministry of Russia Health and Social Protection (MoHSP), the Re- p.
    [Show full text]
  • ROAD ASSET MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS and PERFORMANCE-BASED CONTRACTING TRAINING 12-14 February 2020Dushanbe, Tajikistan
    ROAD ASSET MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND PERFORMANCE-BASED CONTRACTING TRAINING 12-14 February 2020Dushanbe, Tajikistan LIST OF PARTICIPANTS I. MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT 1. Mr. Suhrob Mirzozoda, First Deputy Minister of Transport 2. Mr. Suhrob Yoqubzoda, Head of IT Unit, Department of Economic Analysis and Forecasting 3. Mr. Sayod Suriyev, Chief Specialist, Department of Economic Analysis and Forecasting 4. Mr. Qudrat Negmatov, Chief Specialist, Department of Roads Construction and Facilities 5. Mr. Salim Niyozov, Specialist, Department of Roads Construction and Facilities 6. Mr. Farhod Kholov, Specialist of Foreign Investments Unit II. MINISTRY OF FINANCE 7. Ms. Risolat Nazarova, Head of Main Unit on Economic Management III. MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND TRADE 8. Mr. Ilyos Yunusov, Chief Specialist, Department of Industry and Infrastructure Development IV. COMMITTEE ON ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION UNDER THE GOVERNMENT OF TAJIKITAN 9. Mr. Hotamshoh Sharifov, Chief Specialist, Department of Industry, Transport and Energy Programs V. STATE COMMITTEE ON INVESTMENTS AND STATE PROPERTY MANAGEMENT 10. Mr. Manuchehr Mirzozoda, Specialist, Department of State Property Management 1 VI. STATE UNITARY ENTERPRISE “DESIGN INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE” 11. Mr. Anvar Soirov, Engineer, Unit of Roads Design VII. STATE ENTERPRISES ON ROAD FACILITIES MANAGEMENT AND LOGISTIC SERVICE (under the Ministry of Transport) 12. Mr. Ismoilbek Odinaev, Head of Production and Technical Unit, State Enterprise “Road Department of Gissar Region” 13. Mr. Umed Ismoilov, Chief Engineer, State Enterprise on Road Maintenance of Gissar City 14. Mr. Jamshed Jobirov, Chief Engineer, State Enterprise on Road Maintenance of Varzob District 15. Mr. Odil Negmatov, Chief Engineer, State Enterprise on Road Maintenance of Fayzabad District 16. Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of the Situation on Inclusive Education for People with Disabilities in the Republic of Tajikistan Report on the Results of the Baseline Research
    Public Organization - League of women with disabilities «Ishtirok» April - July 2018 Analysis of the situation on inclusive education for people with disabilities in the Republic of Tajikistan Report on the results of the baseline research 1 EXPRESSION OF APPRECIATION A basic study on the inclusive education of people with disabilities in the Republic of Tajikistan (RT) conducted by the Public Organization Disabled Women's League “Ishtirok”. This study was conducted under financial support from ASIA SOUTH PACIFIC ASSOCIATION FOR BASIC AND ADULT EDUCATION (ASPBAE) The research team expresses special thanks to the Executive Office of the President of the RT for assistance in collecting data at the national, regional, and district levels. In addition, we express our gratitude for the timely provision of data to the Centre for adult education of Tajikistan of the Ministry of labor, migration, and employment of population of RT, the Ministry of education and science of RT. We express our deep gratitude to all public organizations, departments of social protection and education in the cities of Dushanbe, Bokhtar, Khujand, Konibodom, and Vahdat. Moreover, we are grateful to all parents of children with disabilities, secondary school teachers, teachers of primary and secondary vocational education, who have made a significant contribution to the collection of high-quality data on the development of the situation of inclusive education for persons with disabilities in the country. Research team: Saida Inoyatova – coordinator, director, Public Organization - League of women with disabilities «Ishtirok»; Salomat Asoeva – Assistant Coordinator, Public Organization - League of women with disabilities «Ishtirok»; Larisa Alexandrova – lawyer, director of the Public Foundation “Your Choice”; Margarita Khegay – socio-economist, candidate of economic sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Section 4 – Financial Proposal – Standard Forms1 Section 5. Terms of Reference Public Disclosure Authorized for the Preparation of an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1. The prospective site of Rogun hydro power plant (HPP) is located about 110 km (by road on M41) ENE of Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan. Construction at an existing site was started during Soviet times, thus the proposed location is defined by already existing built assets (esp. underground works) and auxiliary infrastructure, such as office buildings, construction camps and access roads, some of which have deteriorated since construction was halted in the early 1990s. Public Disclosure Authorized 2. The World Bank has accepted the request of the Government of Republic of Tajikistan (the Government) to finance an assessment of the Completion of the Rogun Hydroelectric Project (HPP), which the Government considers as an important element of the country‘s economic development strategy. 3. The Assessment would comprise two complementary parts – (i) Technical-Economic and (ii) Environmental-Social including riparian issues and cross border impacts. Consulting services will be rendered by two separate firms for these two parts, while the work is to be carried out in parallel and in an interactive manner. The two sets of Assessment studies would be professionally reviewed on a running basis by two International Independent Panels of Experts (PoE), one for techno-economic and Public Disclosure Authorized dam safety, the other for environmental/social aspects. 4. The work would include assessment of all the previous work done to date. The most relevant reports/documents that need to be reviewed are: Rogun HEP Technical Project, 1980, by Hydroproject Tashkent, technical projects/documents done in 2008-2009 by design institutes Hydroproject and Moshydrostal.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Impact Assessment FINAL
    Environmental Impact Assessment Project: ADB TA-9530 TAJ July 2020 Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Corridors 2, 3, and 5 (Obigarm-Nurobod) Road Project Volume 1 – Environmental Impact Assessment (Volume 2 comprises Annexes to the EIA document) FINAL Prepared by the Ministry of Transport. The Environmental Assessments contained in this document have been prepared based on the policy requirements of several International financial institutions who will fund the Project. However the reporting in this document follows the requirements of the ADB Safeguards Policy Statement (2009). This Environmental Impact Assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status or any territory or area. i TAJ - Obigam Nurobod EIA Volume 1 text FINAL.docx REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT Looking towards Bridge #8 at Km36 (looking from Tunnel 2 north portal) (August 2018) Snowfall, Kandak, Obigarm looking north. Alignment mid picture (November 2018) Environmental Impact Assessment OBIGARM-NUROBOD ROAD Dushanbe, July 2020 Date Notes Created Checked Approved Document code 1 Jul 2020 Final issue document AJT FINAL Funding Agency Implementing Agency: Project Implementation Unit for Roads Rehabilitation Executing Agency: Asian Development Bank Ministry of Transport ii TAJ - Obigam Nurobod EIA Volume 1 text FINAL.docx Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Business Planning in Primary Care Facilities in Tajikistan
    2019 Assessment of business planning in primary care facilities in Tajikistan Assessment of business planning in primary care facilities in Tajikistan Abstract This report presents the main findings and recommendations of the assessment of the business planning implementation in primary health care facilities in Tajikistan. Since it was introduced in 2005, business planning in Tajikistan has grown into a nationally adopted mechanism for strengthening district and primary health care facility management. In 2019, an assessment took place to evaluate the results of the business planning implementation. The findings revealed that business planning was regarded as an efective managerial tool that improved the health of and relationships with the populations served. The most important outcome of business planning is the reported improved responsiveness to the health needs of the population, especially more vulnerable groups. Implementation of business planning has increased the transparency of the health facilities’ activities and resources and has strengthened the primary care management capacity. Nevertheless, the health system has challenges afecting the success of business planning that need to be addressed for its further success and sustainability in the country. Address requests about publications of the WHO Regional Ofce for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Ofce for Europe UN City, Marmorvej 51 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Ofce website (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). Document number: WHO/EURO:2020-1518-41268-56164 © World Health Organization 2020 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo).
    [Show full text]