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Balkan Konferanslari Bağlaminda Türkiye İSTANBUL ÜN İVERS İTES İ ATATÜRK İLKELER İ VE İNKILÂP TAR İHİ ENST İTÜSÜ ATATÜRK İLKELER İ VE İNKILÂP TAR İHİ ANAB İLİM DALI BALKAN KONFERANSLARI BA ĞLAMINDA TÜRK İYE BULGAR İSTAN İLİŞ KİLER İ YÜKSEK L İSANS TEZ İ Mehmet SAVCI 2901030002 Tez Danı şmanı: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Cevahir KAYAM İstanbul, 2007 1 İSTANBUL ÜN İVERS İTES İ ATATÜRK İLKELER İ VE İNKILÂP TAR İHİ ENST İTÜSÜ ATATÜRK İLKELER İ VE İNKILÂP TAR İHİ ANAB İLİM DALI BALKAN KONFERANSLARI BA ĞLAMINDA TÜRK İYE BULGAR İSTAN İLİŞ KİLER İ YÜKSEK L İSANS TEZ İ Mehmet SAVCI 2901030002 Tez Danı şmanı: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Cevahir KAYAM (DÜZELTILMI Ş TEZ) İstanbul, 2007 2 YÜKSEK L İSANS TEZ İNE UYGULANAN DÜZELTMELER 1.Tez yazım kılavuzuna göre hatalı olan yazım ve biçim hataları düzeltilmi ştir. 2.Konu ile ilgili bilgi sa ğlayan ve ayrıntılı konuları yazarları ile birlikte açıklanan yüksek lisans ve doktora tezleri ara ştırılarak elde edilen bilgiler teze dâhil edilmi ştir. 3.Tez konusu ile ilgili bilgi edinilebilece ği tavsiye edilen Faruk Sönmezo ğlu, Baskın Oran, Fahir Armao ğlu, Sabahattin Özel, Yusuf Hikmet Bayur, Abdulahat Ak şin vd. yazarlar ile Türk Tarih Kurumu yayınları incelenerek elde edilen bilgiler teze dâhil edilmi ştir. 4.Bilgi edinilen Bulgarca yayınlar hakkında açıklama yapılmı ştır. 5.Tezin ekleri için liste yapılmı ştır. 6.Jüri üyelerine da ğıtılacak tez nüshalarının dizimine özen gösterilmi ştir. 7.Düstur ve TBMM zabıt cerideleri tekrar taranmı ştır. 8.Tezin özet bölümü yeniden yazılmı ştır. 9.Tezin kapsamı daraltılarak Balkan Konferansları üzerine daha fazla izahatta bulunulmu ştur. 10. Tez mu ğlâk ifadelerden arındırılarak okuyucunun kolay anlayabilece ği bölümlendirme yapılmı ştır. 11. Özellikle sınır anla şmaları olmak üzere Lozan Barı ş Anla şması tutanaklarından faydalanılmı ştır. 12. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün Büyük Nutkundan konu ile ilgili bilgiler teze dâhil edilmi ştir. 13. Mustafa Kemal’in Sofya Ate şemiliterli ğinin Türk-Bulgar ili şkileri üzerine olan etkisi ele alınmı ş, bu dönemde yazdı ğı raporlar teze yansıtılmı ştır. 14. Özet bölümünden yazar adı kaldırılmı ştır. 3 T.C. İSTANBUL ÜN İVERS İTES İ ATATÜRK İLKELER İ VE İNKILÂP TAR İHİ ENST İTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜ ĞÜ TEZ ONAYI ATATÜRK İLKELER İ VE İNKILAP TAR İHİ Bilim Dalında 2901030002 numaralı Mehmet Savcı’ın hazırladı ğı Balkan Konferansları Ba ğlamında Türkiye Bulgaristan İli şkileri konulu YÜKSEK L İSANS TEZ İ ile ilgili Tez Savunma Sınavı , İ.Ü. Lisansüstü E ğitim ve Ö ğretim Yönetmeli ği’nin 10./28.Maddesi uyarınca 14 Mart 2007 günü saat 10.00’da yapılmı ş, sorulan sorulara alınan cevaplar sonunda adayı tezinin kabulüne OYB İRL İĞİ ile karar verilmi ştir. JÜR İ ÜYES İ KANAAT İ İMZA Prof. Dr. Sabahattin Özel Doç. Dr. I şıl Çakan Yrd. Doç. Dr. Aynur Soydan Yrd. Doç. Dr. Cevahir Kayam Dr. Serkan Tuna 4 YEM İN METN İ Yüksek Lisans tezi olarak sundu ğum “Balkan Konferansları Ba ğlamında Türkiye-Bulgaristan İli şkileri” adlı çalı şmanın, tarafımdan, bilimsel ahlak ve geleneklere aykırı dü şecek bir yardıma ba şvurulmaksızın yazıldı ğını ve yararlandı ğım eserlerin bibliyografyada gösterilenlerden olu ştu ğundan, bunlara atıf yapılarak yararlanılmı ş oldu ğunu belirtir ve bunu onurumla do ğrularım.” Mehmet SAVCI 5 TEZ VER İ G İRİŞ FORMU 6 TEZLER İN ÇO ĞALTILMASI VE YAYINI İÇİN İZİN BELGES İ 7 BALKAN KONFERANSLARI BA ĞLAMINDA TÜRK İYE BULGAR İSTAN İLİŞ KİLER İ Özet Bulgaristan ile Osmanlı Devleti arasındaki ili şkiler Bulgaristan’ın Osmanlı Devletinden 1878’de ba ğımsızlı ğını ilan etmesi ile ba şlamı ştır. Bulgaristan ve Osmanlı Devleti aynı ittifak içinde Birinci Dünya Sava şı’na girmi ş ve iki devlet aynı kaderi payla şmı ştır. Osmanlı Devleti Sevr Anla şmasını imzalarken Bulgaristan da Neully Anla şmasını imzalamı ştır. Milli mücadele döneminde Bulgaristan, Türk milli mücadelesini Türkiye ile sava şan Yunanistan’ın yenilmesi durumunda Bulgaristan’ın Do ğu Trakya’da bazı bölgeleri topraklarına katma ihtimalinden dolayı desteklemi ştir. Bunun yanında Bulgaristan’da Türklere kar şı olu şan olumlu havada Sofya Ata şemiliterli ği (Askeri Ata şeli ği) esnasında Mustafa Kemalin, Bulgar halkını tanımı ş, Bulgaristan’da birçok yakın dost edinmi ş ve buradaki Türklerin örgütlenmelerini sa ğlamı ş olması da etkilidir. Mustafa Kemal buradan yayınladı ğı raporlarla Bulgaristan’ın Osmanlı Devleti’ne ve di ğer Balkan Devletlerine kar şı tutumunu ve Birinci Dünya Sava şındaki politikasını da Osmanlı Hükümetine aktarmı ştır. Cumhuriyet’in ilanından sonra Türkiye ile Bulgaristan 18 Ekim 1925’de Dostluk Anla şması imzalamı ştır. Bulgaristan bu dönemde sınırlarını geni şletmek, Arnavutluk ve Makedonya ile birlikte Yunanistan’daki ve Romanya’daki Arnavut ve Makedonların ba ğımsızlı ğını sağlamak yönündeki politikasını ortaya koymu ştur ve ili şkiler bir süre sonra tekrar bozulmu ştur. Türkiye’nin Yunanistan’la da ili şkilerinin bozulması nedeniyle Bulgaristan’a yönelik uzla şmacı bir politika izlemi ş ve Türkiye Balkan politika arenasında yalnız kalmamak için 6 Mart 1929’da Bulgaristan ile Tarafsızlık ve Uzla şma Anla şması imzalanmı ştır. Türkiye’nin 18 Temmuz 1932’de Milletler Cemiyeti’ne girmesi Balkan Devletlerini de yakınla ştırmı ş, 1929’da ilk defa ortaya atılan Balkan Birli ği dü şüncesi Balkan Paktı olarak bu yıldan itibaren konu şulmaya ba şlamı ştır. Pakta giden yolda Balkan Konferansları 1930 yılından itibaren dört konferans olarak icra edilmi ş, müteakibinde de Balkan Paktı imzalanmı ştır. Balkan Konferansları, Ekim 1930’da Atina’da toplanan Birinci, Ekim 1931’de İstanbul’da toplanan İkinci Balkan konferansları ile sürmü ştür. Fakat Ekim 1932’de Bulgaristan azınlıklar sorunu yüzünden Üçüncü Balkan Konferansı’nı terk etmi ştir. Kasım 1933’de Selanik’te toplanan Dördüncü Balkan Konferansında Bulgaristan’ın revizyonist emellerinden vazgeçmesi için çaba harcanmı ştır. Bunun neticesinde Balkan Paktı imzalanmı ş fakat Bulgaristan bu paktın dı şında kalmı ştır. Bulgaristan’ın içinde oldu ğu bir Balkan Birli ği veya en azından ortak dü şünce anla şmaları yapılması hedeflendiyse de Bulgaristan revizyonist politikaları nedeniyle sınırların de ğişmesi gerekti ğine inandı ğından Balkan Paktına da imza koymamı ştır. Sonuç itibari ile Balkan Konferansları Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin öncülü ğünde Balkanlarda bir birlik dü şüncesini ortaya atmı ş fakat Bulgaristan’ın politikası nedeniyle birlik düzeyine ula şamadan Yunanistan ba şta olmak üzere di ğer ülkeler arasında bir paktla sonuçlanmı ştır. 8 TURKISH BULGARIAN RELATIONSHIP IN THE CONTEX OF BALKAN CONFERANCES Abstract Relations between Bulgaria and Ottoman State begin with announcement of independence of Bulgaria in 1878. Bulgaria and Ottoman State were take part in First World War in the same alliance. While Ottoman State signed The Sevres Agreement, Bulgaria signed The Neully Agreement. In the period of National War, Bulgaria supported Turkish Government to take some areas on East Trakya if Greece was beaten by Turks. Beside this reason Military Attachement of Mustafa Kemal influenced the relations because he had recognized Bulgars, associated with them and associated the Turks among each other. Mustafa Kemal, via the reports broadcasted here, notified Ottoman Government about the attitude of Bulgaria for both Ottoman State and other countries along the First World War. After the announcement of Republic Of Turkey, Turkey and Bulgaria signed Friendship Agreement in 18 September 1925. Along this period Bulgaria denoted that It wants to amplify its borders, make the Albanians and Macedonians independent from Greece and Romania and relations got worse once more. Because Turkish relations also with Greece was getting worse, in order not to be lonely on arena of Balkan politics Turkey followed a compromitive politic for Bulgaria and signed Impartiality and Compromise Agreement with Bulgaria in 6 March 1929. Attend of Turkey to the United Nations made the Balkan States come closer. Balkan Pact opinion, which talked first in 1929, has been discussed from now on. On the way of signing the Pact, Balkan Conferences performed as four conferences hence 1930, then the Pact signed. Balkan Pacts continued by first October 1930 in Athens and second October 1931 in Istanbul. But in September 1932 Bulgaria left Third Balkan Conference because of the minority problems. On the Forth Balkan Conference some affords are expended to make Bulgaria leave revisionist opinions in Salonica, November 1933. Then Balkan Pact signed but Bulgaria remained out of the Pact. A Balkan Pact includes Bulgaria or at least some joint agreements wanted to be signed but Bulgaria didn’t signed since Bulgaria believed in changing the borders needs of revisionist politics. As a result Balkan Conferences, at the lead of Turkish Republic, brought up a unity opinion in Balkans but Because of the Bulgarian politics they resulted by a Pact that couldn’t be a Balkan Union. 9 İÇİNDEK İLER İç Kapak i Tez Onayı ii Yemin Metni iii Tez Veri Giri ş Formu iv Tezlerin Ço ğaltılması ve Yayını İçin İzin Belgesi v Türkçe Özet vi İngilizce Özet (Abstract) vii Önsöz xi Kısaltmalar Listesi xii Giri ş 1 I. BÖLÜM BALKAN KONFERANSLARI I. Balkan Ülkeleri Arasında Diyaloglar 7 II. Türk-Bulgar Dostluk Anla şması 9 III. Tarafsızlık, Uzla şma, Adli Tesviye Ve Tahkim Anla şması 14 IV. Türkiye’nin Milletler Cemiyetine Katılması Ve Dünyada Barı şçıl Te şebbüsler 18 V. Balkan Konferansları 21 A.Birinci Balkan Konferansı 24 B. İkinci Balkan Konferansı 26 C. Üçüncü Balkan Konferansı 30 Ç. Dördüncü Balkan Konferansı 32 10 II. BÖLÜM BALKAN PAKTI VE BULGAR İSTAN İLE İLİŞ KİLER I. Balkan Paktı 38 II. Avrupa Sorunlarına Pakt Devletlerinin Yakla şımları 47 III.
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