AMERICAN RESEARCH CENTER IN NEWSLETTER No. 6, NOVEMBER 2009

The American Research Center in Sofia (ARCS, compared by literary critics to Simeon Radev’s www.einaudi.cornell.edu/arcs), established in classic Builders of Modern . The 2004, is dedicated to research in the humanities introduction will be written by Professor Mark and social sciences and represents a consortium Kramer, Director of the Project for Cold War of educational institutions registered in North Studies at the Davis Center for Russian and America. ARCS is a Member of the Council of Eurasian Studies at Harvard University, an American Overseas Research Centers and an eminent authority on Cold War history. This will be the first publication of ARCS (scheduled for Educational Member of the American Chamber of Spring 2010) in a series of monographs on Commerce in Bulgaria. Thanks to a generous Bulgarian history from antiquity through the donation by the Packard Humanities Institute, modern age. ARCS acquired in early 2008 its permanent home in Sofia, consisting of a four-level building on May 28, 2009. A group of students from the property of over 16,000 sq. ft. University of Alaska (Anchorage), led by Professor Christine Hanson on an educational trip NEWS IN BRIEF to Bulgaria, the Republic of , Greece and Turkey, visited the ARCS headquarters and We are pleased to announce that ARCS has been met with Professor Kevin Clinton, Chair of the awarded a National Endowment for the ARCS Managing Committee, and Dr. Nikola Humanities (NEH) Challenge Grant in the amount Theodossiev, ARCS Associate Academic Director. of $750,000. Such NEH grants are among the most competitive and prestigious awards in the United June 4, 2009. Mr. Marshall Lee Miller, a Director of States. the America for Bulgaria Foundation, and Dr. Theodossiev were welcomed at the A major grant from the America for Bulgaria Center of the American Research Institute in Foundation is supporting library acquisitions and Turkey (ARIT) by Dr. Antony Greenwood, ARIT various programs for Bulgarian archaeology: Director, with whom they discussed various Fellowships for Advanced Doctoral Students opportunities for collaboration. Mr. Miller visited affiliated with accredited Bulgarian institutions to also the Center of ARIT. do research at the American School of Classical Studies at Athens and the American Research June 5–12, 2009. Dr. Theodossiev accompanied Institute in Turkey; an Archaeology Program the group of students from the University of Officer; grants supporting joint U.S.-Bulgarian Alaska on their trip in Turkey and Bulgaria. They projects under an International Collaborative toured a number of monuments and museums in Archaeological and Bioarchaeological Research Istanbul, Sozopol (ancient Apollonia), Nesebar Program; and grants supporting Bulgarian (ancient Mesambria) and Veliko Tarnovo, the museums and other institutions under a Site capital of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom. Preservation, a Conservation, and a Museum Enhancement Program. In addition, the June 19, 2009. H.E. Mr. Geoffrey Keating, Foundation is providing support for certain staff Ambassador of Ireland to Bulgaria, visited ARCS positions, fellowships for American graduate and had a cordial meeting with Professor Clinton students, and other operations of ARCS. For more and Dr. Nora Dimitrova, Director of the United information about these programs, please contact States Office of ARCS. our recently appointed Archaeology Program Officer, Dr. Emil Nankov, [email protected]. June 24, 2009. Dr. Theodossiev attended the General Assembly Meeting of the American The America for Bulgaria Foundation (ABF) has Chamber of Commerce in Bulgaria. The meeting given ARCS a grant of $6,000 for the publication was followed by a Farewell Reception in honor of of Communism vs. Democracy: Bulgaria 1944 to the U.S. Embassy Deputy Chief of Mission, Mr. 1997, a chronicle of Bulgaria’s recent history by Alexander Karagiannis and the Counselor for the internationally acclaimed journalist and writer Press and Culture, Ms. Katherine Ingmanson, Nassya Kralevska-Owens. This masterpiece of celebrating the completion of a very successful political prose is a revised and supplemented mission to Bulgaria. English edition of the author’s best-selling work Bez Zaglavie (in Bulgarian), a historical narrative June 26, 2009. The U.S. Embassy Second of the Bulgarian transition to democracy, Secretary for Cultural and Educational Affairs, Ms. 2

Sherry Keneson–Hall, and the Cultural Affairs the Museum of History at Sredets, in charge of Assistant, Ms. Ana Todorcheva, visited ARCS and Debelt, and the Director of Excavations at met with Professor Clinton, Dr. Dimitrova and Dr. , Dr. Pavlina Vladkova. He Theodossiev, and discussed possibilities for reviewed with them projects of ARCS and ABF for collaboration. site preservation and conservation.

June 27, 2009. Kevin Clinton and Nora Dimitrova August 20, 2009. Ms Deborah Ash, U.S. Embassy took part in a trip to Rila Monastery, organized by Vice-Consul, visited ARCS and met with Dr. H.E. Mr. Geoffrey Keating and the Irish Embassy. Theodossiev and Mr. Hristo Alexiev, ARCS The purpose of the trip, attended by many Library Assistant. Bulgarian and foreign dignitaries, was to pay homage to the memory of James David Bourchier September 5, 2009. Mr. Stephen Steinbeiser, (1850–1920), the prominent Irish journalist and Resident Director of the American Institute for life-long friend of Bulgaria, who was granted the Yemeni Studies (AIYS), had a productive meeting rare honor to be buried in the immediate vicinity at ARCS with Dr. Nankov and Mr. Alexiev. of the Bulgarian holy of holies, the magnificent Rila Monastery. Born in Limerick, Ireland, James September 7, 2009. Dr. Nankov, Mr. Alexiev and Bourchier worked as the Balkan correspondent the ARCS Fellows attended a public event at the for The Times and lived in Sofia from 1892 to 1915. American Corner at the Sofia City Library, where He defended Bulgaria’s position against what he they met with Mr. Ken Moskowitz, the U.S. perceived to be unfair clauses in the treaties Embassy Counselor for Public Affairs. following the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913 and . In his entire career as Balkan September 9, 2009. A research group of students correspondent, Bourchier expressed his affection from Drexel University led by Professor Joel and support for Bulgaria and its people and Oestreich visited ARCS and met with the Fellows treated with humanity and justice many issues of and staff. Professor Kostadin Grozev from the Balkan politics of the period. Mr. Keating gave a “St. Kliment Ohridski” welcomed moving speech recounting Bourchier’s the guests, and Mr. Alexiev talked about ARCS achievements and the ’ love for him. and its mission. A modest reception followed. Sadly Bourchier, as well as many American and European humanists who helped Bulgaria on September 11 and November 27, 2009. Mr. numerous occasions before and after its liberation Marshall Lee Miller, a Director of the America for in 1878, were nearly forgotten during the Bulgaria Foundation (ABF), met with Dr. communist era of massive anti-western Theodossiev to discuss the progress of the propaganda. Now a picturesque and bustling archaeology projects supported by ABF. boulevard in Sofia proudly bears Bourchier’s name. September 21, 2009. Dr. Nankov and Mrs. Valeria Bineva attended a dinner hosted by Mr. Ken June 30, 2009. Dr. Petia Kostadinova, Assistant Moskowitz, the U.S. Embassy Counselor of Public Director of the Center for European Studies at the Affairs, and engaged in a cordial discussion with University of Florida and Institutional Bulgarian scholars present at the event. Representative on the ARCS Managing Committee, visited ARCS and met with Dr. October 26, 2009. Ambassador James Pardew, Theodossiev. They discussed possibilities for ARCS Trustee, visited the new building of ARCS future scholarly projects. and met with Dr. Theodossiev, the staff, and the Fellows. July 17, 2009. Mr. Frank L. Bauer, President of the America for Bulgaria Foundation (ABF), Ms. November 2, 2009. Ambassador Pardew and Dr. Desislava Taliokova, Executive Director of ABF, Theodossiev discussed possibilities for Bulgarian- and Mr. Lenko Lenkov, a Program Director of American collaboration in the field of ABF, toured ARCS and had fruitful discussions archaeology with Dr. Lyudmil Vagalinski, with Dr. Theodossiev. Assistant Director of the National Archaeological Institute with Museum. August 13, 2009. Dr. Theodossiev gave lectures on ancient for the participants in the November 4, 2009. Mr. Lenko Lenkov, a Program Fulbright International Summer Institute, kindly Director of the America for Bulgaria Foundation, supported by the America for Bulgaria met with Dr. Theodossiev and outlined various Foundation and held in the quaint town of projects and activities of common interest. Tryavna. November 9, 2009. The 20th anniversary of the August 13–14 and 19, 2009. Dr. Emil Nankov, Fall of the Berlin Wall, was honored by ARCS via ARCS Archaeology Program Officer, visited the launch of the memorial website Debelt (ancient Deultum) and Nicopolis ad http://victimsofcommunism.bg/, a virtual (and Istrum. He met with Krasimira Kostova, Director of eventually printed) encyclopedia of the victims of 3 communism in Bulgaria. The creation of the 1. Dr. Krum Bacvarov, National Archaeological website, which is intended to become a major Institute with Museum: “The Prehistory of Jar historical resource for future scholars, has been Burial Tradition” supported by ARCS officers Kevin Clinton, Nora 2. Professor Peter Dimitrov, New Bulgarian Dimitrova, Hristo Alexiev, and P.R. representative University: “The Thracian Language: Epigraphics Greta Nedialkova. Professor Georgi Markov and and Linguistics” his brother Dyanko Markov, whose historical 3. Dr. Maya Vassileva, Center for Thracian expertise, erudition, and fearless dedication to Studies: “On the Fringes of the Greek World: The revealing the truth about the communist regime Case of the Thracian Culture” have inspired generations of democratic-minded 4. Professor Peter Delev, Sofia University “St. Bulgarians, entrusted to the library of ARCS their Kliment Ohridski”: “History of Ancient Thrace” substantial archive of documentary evidence 5. Mr. Evgeni Paunov, Cardiff University: “From gathered in the course of over 50 years. Hristo Koine to Romanitas: Numismatic Evidence for the Alexiev has been working on digitizing the Roman Expansion along the Lower Danube archive and entering information into the website ( and Thrace, ca. 168 BC – AD 45)” database. 6. Dr. Lyudmil Vagalinski, National Archaeological Institute with Museum: “Light November 12, 2009. Dr. Nankov, our Archaeology Industry on the Roman Lower Danube: The Case Program Officer, presented the archaeology of Lime Production” programs supported by the America for Bulgaria 7. Professor Valeri Kolev, Sofia University “St. Foundation at a meeting held at the National Kliment Ohridski”: “The Road to Bulgarian Archaeological Institute with Museum (NAIM). Independence, 1878–1908” The event was organized with the kind assistance 8. Professor Evelina Kelbetcheva, American of Dr. Lyudmil Vagalinski, Assistant Director of University in Bulgaria: “Communist and Post- NAIM. Over 50 Bulgarian archaeologists from Communist Monuments in Bulgaria” different institutions in Sofia and the country 9. Dr. Maria Gyurova, National Archaeological attended the meeting. Institute with Museum: “Towards an Understanding of Early Neolithic Populations: A November 30, 2009. Dr. Theodossiev attended the Flint Perspective from Bulgaria” opening of a political cartoon exhibit at the 10. Professor Alexander Nikolov, Sofia University American Corner at the Sofia City Library. He met “St. Kliment Ohridski”: “The Cumans and Vlachs with Ms. Sherry Keneson–Hall, the U.S. Embassy in Mediaeval Bulgaria” Second Secretary for Cultural and Educational 11. Professor Kostadin Grozev, Sofia University Affairs, and with Professor Mark Kramer, Director “St. Kliment Ohridski”: “Bulgaria and the USA of the Project for Cold War Studies at the Davis during the Cold War” Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies at 12. Dr. Maria Manolova, Archaeological Museum Harvard University. Later Dr. Theodossiev in Varna: “The Bulgarian Mediaeval Town” participated in a meeting of the Bulgarian Alumni 13. Professor Boyan Dumanov, New Bulgarian of the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in University: “The Search for Foederati on the the Humanities and Social Sciences, gathered by Lower Danube. An Archaeological Perspective” H.E. Mr. Karel van Kesteren, Ambassador of the 14. Professor Chavdar Kirilov, Sofia University Netherlands to Bulgaria. At the meeting, Dr. “St. Kliment Ohridski”: “Economy and the End of Theodossiev informed Bulgarian scholars about the Late Antique Settlement Pattern in the North the programs of ARCS. On the same day, Dr. Balkans” Nankov attended the Annual Meeting of the Association of the Bulgarian Archaeologists at the FALL TERM TRIPS National Archaeological Institute with Museum (October 5–10, October 27 – November 1; and discussed possibilities for collaboration with for place names, see map on p. 16) the Directors of the Excavations at Debelt (ancient Deultum). The fall term trips were attended by Jeremy Ott, Nicholas Grossenbacher, and Shannon Martino. ANNUAL ACADEMIC PROGRAM Thanks to the generous support of the America for Bulgaria Foundation the trips were extended to a We are delighted to welcome our current large number of sites in Bulgaria and Greece. The Fellows: Jeremy Ott from the Institute of Fine Arts, first trip, led by Dr. Nikola Theodossiev, started New York University, Nicholas Grossenbacher with Hisar (ancient Diocletianopolis) where we from the University of Washington, and Shannon visited the Late Antique monuments: Martino from the University of Pennsylvania. Their walls, residence, amphitheater, baths, peristyle enthusiasm, scholarly curiosity and friendliness house and tomb with mosaic floor. We toured have been greatly appreciated. next two Early Hellenistic Thracian tombs: the royal tomb of Seuthes III in Golyamata Kosmatka The Fall Program included the following lectures Tumulus at Shipka and the replica of the famous from leading Bulgarian experts, to whom we painted tholos tomb in Kazanlak; the Museum of extend our warmest gratitude: History ‘Iskra’ in Kazanlak; and the important 4 prehistoric settlement mounds at Karanovo and landmarks. In Vergina we visited the Early Dyadovo. In the town of Nova Zagora we visited Hellenistic Macedonian royal tombs in Megali the Museum of History. Veselin Ignatov, Toumba Tumulus and the monumental Early archaeologist in the Museum, showed us a Hellenistic Rhomaios Tomb. The first trip ended Thracian tumulus from the Roman period (located with visits to the Archaeological and Byzantine near Karanovo) and a well-preserved chariot Museums in Veria, both with splendid collections. found in situ during recent excavations. The second trip, led by Dr. Theodossiev and Dr. In (ancient Augusta Traiana) the Maria Manolova from the Archaeological Museum Fellows were greatly impressed by the in Varna, started with a visit to the Regional collections in the new building of the Regional Museum of History in Vratsa (NW Bulgaria), Museum of History, which displays an original displaying the remarkable Thracian silver Roman street on its ground floor. They also visited treasure from Rogozen. Dr. Nartsis Torbov, the ancient agora and the southern gate of archaeologist in the museum, led the Fellows to Augusta Traiana. Georgi Iliev from the museum the Late Antique and Mediaeval fortress Vratitsa, gave a guided tour of the remains of monumental located near the town. Next was the Regional buildings from the 4th – 5th centuries AD, with Museum of History in Gabrovo (Central Bulgaria), their richly decorated mosaic floors. The group on the north slope of the Balkan mountain range, then toured the Neolithic Settlement Museum in where Rosen Iosifov and Galina Ileva kindly gave Stara Zagora. us a guided tour. We stopped also at the Late Antique fortress of Gradishte near Gabrovo. The next stop was , the second largest city in Bulgaria (ancient ). We saw In Veliko Tarnovo, a town with breathtaking views monuments from the (the and charming houses, we toured the monumental fortification wall on Nebet Tepe), the Roman and remains of the capital of the Second Bulgarian Late Antique periods (agora; bouleuterion; Kingdom as well as the Archaeological Museum. monumental building with mosaic floor, Statko Statev from the Museum led us through the preserved with the support of the U.S. Embassy; expansive remains of the Roman town Nicopolis Early Christian ; stadium; theater; cistern; ad Istrum near Veliko Tarnovo. The next stop on fortification wall), and the Mediaeval period our journey was the significant Mediaeval (fortification wall and Hisar Kapia gate). We also fortified settlement at Cherven. In Ruse, a city on paid a visit to the Orthodox Church St. the Danube with fascinating history, architecture, Constantine and St. Elena, the Catholic Cathedral and culture, the Fellows visited the Roman town St. Ludovicus, the Dzhumaya Mosque, the Atanas Sexaginta Prista and the Regional Museum of Krastev House–Museum, and enjoyed a walking History. In Razgrad they visited the Roman town tour along the lovely cobble-stone streets of the Abritus and the Regional Museum of History and Plovdiv . enjoyed an informative tour by Galena Radoslavova, archaeologist at the Museum. The next landmarks on the agenda were the Regional Museum of History in Pazardzhik and the The next landmark was Veliki Preslav, the second Museum of History in Gotse Delchev, both with capital of the First Bulgarian Kingdom, and its substantial archaeological collections, and the Archaeological Museum. In Shumen (NE Bulgaria) Roman town of Nicopolis ad Nestum, situated near the group saw the Late Antique and Mediaeval the village of , SW Bulgaria. Hasan fortress located above the town and the Regional Hadzhiyski, deputy mayor of the municipality, Museum of History, where Tihomir Tihov kindly treated us to a tour of the Roman and Late Antique gave us a guided tour. Pliska, the first capital of monuments in the ancient town. the First Bulgarian Kingdom, and its on-site Archaeological Museum were next, followed by In Greece the Fellows started with a visit to Provadiya and its Museum of History. Nikolai Philippi and its significant Hellenistic, Roman and Hristov, Director of the Museum, proudly showed Byzantine sites (theater, sanctuaries, Christian us the prehistoric settlement mound and the , the Octagon, agora, palaestra, Bishop’s prehistoric salt-works. Devnya impressed our Residence, Balneum, etc.). In Kavala they stopped group with the Roman town of Marcianopolis and at the Archaeological Museum, which featured a the Museum of the Mosaics, where we were met recently opened exhibition. The next town on our by Hristo Kuzov from the Archaeological Museum route was Amphipolis with its Archaeological in Varna. In the beautiful Black Sea city of Varna Museum, a Hellenistic barrel-vaulted tomb, (ancient Odessos) we toured the Roman Thermae, fortification walls, Roman building complex, and the Early Byzantine Syrian Monastery, and the Early Christian basilicas. Beautiful Thessaloniki Archaeological Museum, part of whose fantastic impressed us with the collections at the collection of prehistoric gold is currently on Archaeological and Byzantine Museums, the exhibit at the Institute for the Study of the Ancient agora, the Arch and Rotunda of Galerius, the World in New York, and was featured in a recent Agios Demetrios Church, the Agia Sophia Church, article in the New York Times, which has the White Tower, and other noteworthy stimulated great interest. 5

The Black sea town of Nesebar impressed the research in local libraries and optional trips. The Fellows with its fortification walls of Ancient and participants are expected to attend the entire Byzantine Mesambria, its splendid churches, and program. They will choose a topic on which they Archaeological Museum. Next on our journey was will prepare an oral presentation at the end of first the Late Roman Tomb at Pomorie (ancient half of the program. During the second half of Anchialos). In Burgas, the second major Black Sea their stay, participants are expected to carry out town in Bulgaria after Varna, we visited the independent research dedicated to their special Archaeological Museum, where Dr. Martin fields and/or dissertation topics. The program Gyuzelev and Miroslav Klasnakov gave us a engages the participants with eminent local guided tour. Dr. Gyuzelev accompanied us scholars in the study of Bulgarian (and to a certain further south and showed us the Late Antique and extent, Balkan) history and civilization in their Mediaeval fortress Poros near Burgas, the continuity and facilitates specialized research in Archaeological Museum in Sozopol (ancient local institutions. Apollonia), and the cemetery of Apollonia. At the Museum in Kiten (SE Bulgaria, ancient Urdoviza), 3. The Spring Term Program is intended for Dr. Hristina Angelova from the Center for graduate and advanced undergraduate students, Underwater Archaeology gave an inspiring teachers and scholars, who are interested in the lecture. The next stop was the Roman town history of religion in Bulgaria from antiquity to the Deultum near the village of Debelt. We concluded 20th century, including ancient religion, our trip with a visit to the massive remains of the Christianity (Orthodoxy, Catholicism, and other Hellenistic, Roman and Late Antique town of Christian faiths and movements), Judaism, and Kabyle, located near the homonymous modern Islam. The term of the program is from the first village. Monday of February to the last Saturday of April. The first part of the program consists of lectures 2010-11 FELLOWSHIP COMPETITION and seminars by local experts, and the second part of the program includes independent Each academic year, the American Research research in local libraries and trips to famous Center in Sofia, Bulgaria offers three programs Bulgarian religious sites. The participants are with accompanying fellowships: a 9-month expected to attend the entire program. They will program for the period September-May; a Fall choose a topic on which they will prepare an oral term program for the period September- presentation at the end of first half of the November; and a Spring term program for the program. The second half of the program period February-April. ARCS hosts the programs’ includes independent research in local libraries lectures and seminars, organizes related trips, and trips to famous Bulgarian monasteries and and facilitates opportunities for taking Bulgarian churches (many of which are part of the world’s and other Balkan language classes, logistical cultural heritage). support, and access to local libraries, museums, and other educational institutions. Details about ELIGIBILITY AND APPLICATION: previous programs can be found in our Newsletters, available on the ARCS website. All applicants need to submit a completed application form (available to download on our 1. Those interested in the 9-month program (only website). Graduate and advanced undergraduate for graduate students) are expected to participate students at educational institutions registered in in the ARCS academic program during both the North America, regardless of their citizenship, are Fall and the Spring term and devote the rest of the eligible for fellowships. Students with partial time to independent research and travel. The support or without support from ARCS can apply content of the Fall and Spring Programs is for alternative sources of funding. Faculty described below. members at these institutions are welcome to participate in the programs or part thereof, but 2. The Fall Term Program is intended for graduate are not eligible for fellowships. and advanced undergraduate students, scholars and teachers, who are interested in the history, Graduate Students: Please submit a project material culture, and civilization (including proposal (up to three double-spaced pages) ethnography and music) of Bulgaria and the describing how participation in the ARCS Balkan region. The term of the program is from Fall/Spring or 9-month program will serve your the first Monday of September through the last academic interests and/or dissertation research. Saturday of November. The first part of the The proposal, together with the application form, program consists of lectures, seminars and trips a CV, copies of official transcripts from each relating to the period from antiquity to the graduate institution you have attended, and two present day. Although most scholars specialize in letters of reference (sent separately) from one historical period, we believe that for students professors who are familiar with your academic of Bulgarian and Balkan history it is very helpful to work, should be sent electronically to the Chair of get a diachronic overview from local experts. The the Fellowship Committee, Professor Kevin second part of the program includes independent Clinton, [email protected]. 6

Advanced Undergraduate Students: Please ARCS SUMMER SESSION 2010 submit a project proposal (up to three double- spaced pages) describing how participation in The American Research Center in Sofia the ARCS Fall/Spring program will serve your (www.einaudi.cornell.edu/arcs) is sponsoring a academic interests. The proposal, together with three-week summer session on Bulgarian the application form, a CV, copies of official history and culture. The session will consist of transcripts from each undergraduate institution lectures at the American Research Center in Sofia you have attended, and two letters of reference with visits to sites in and near Sofia and historical (sent separately) from professors who are familiar and cultural excursions throughout Bulgaria. with your academic work, should be sent Lectures and site reports will be given by leading electronically to the Chair of the Fellowship experts from Bulgarian universities and museums. Committee, Professor Kevin Clinton, Preliminary schedule: [email protected]. 12 June: Arrival in Sofia. Undergraduate students have the option to be 13 June: Walking Tour of Sofia. given an examination and write a term paper at 14 June: Morning: 1/ Lecture on Bulgarian the end of the program if they need to receive Prehistory; 2/ Lecture on Bulgaria in Antiquity. credits for the program from their home Afternoon: Visit to the Archaeological Museum. institutions. ARCS does not grant credit, but can 15 June: Morning: 1/ Lecture on Mediaeval issue certificates of participation, and the Bulgaria; 2/ Lecture on Bulgaria in the Ottoman students’ home institutions can then confer credits Period. Afternoon: Visit to the National Museum of based on the students’ examinations and term History and the Boyana Church. papers. 16 June: Morning: 1/ Lecture on Bulgaria between 1878 And 1944; 2/ Lecture on Communist and Faculty Members: Please submit an application Post-Communist Bulgaria. Afternoon: showing a form, a project proposal (up to three double- documentary; visit to the Ethnographical spaced pages) describing how participation in Museum. the ARCS Fall/Spring program will serve your 17 June: Northwest Bulgaria: Vratsa, Ulpia Oescus. academic interests, and a CV to Professor Kevin 18 June: Veliko Tarnovo, Nicopolis ad Istrum, Clinton (address as above). Cherven. 19 June: Ruse, Sboryanovo. Application deadline: All application materials 20 June: Pliska, Preslav, Shumen. must be sent by February 15th. The candidates 21 June: Marcianopolis, Varna. will receive notification by April 1st. 22 June: Balchik, Kaliakra, Nesebar. 23 June: Burgas, Sozopol, Debelt, Kabyle. FELLOWSHIPS 24 June: Augusta Traiana, Kazanlak. 25 June: Plovdiv, Hisar. ARCS plans to offer at least one 9-month 26 June: Koprivshtitsa, Return To Sofia. fellowship for the period September-May; at least 27 June: Rest. three Fall and Spring term fellowships. The 28 June: Kyustendil, Rila Monastery, Blagoevgrad. fellowships will include a monthly stipend; in 29 June: Bansko, Nicopolis ad Nestum. addition, ARCS will pay for accommodation, on- 30 June: Melnik, Sandanski. site language instruction, and travel expenses 1 July: Return To ARCS. within the academic program. Travel expenses 2-3 July: Free Program. between North America and Bulgaria and meals 4 July: Independence Day Dinner. in Bulgaria are not included. 5 July: Departure.

ESTIMATED COST The program is open to graduate and advanced undergraduate students, high-school and college Applicants who have been accepted without a teachers, and other scholars with a serious fellowship are welcome to look for alternative interest in Bulgarian history and culture. The total sources of funding: the total cost of the programs cost for participation not including international for participants from member institutions is travel is $2,000 (full room and board, use of estimated as $10,000 for the 9-month program research facilities, local travel, and lectures). and $5,000 for either the fall or the spring Applications may be downloaded on our website semester program. This estimate is based on the and should be returned by e-mail to Dr. Emil assumption that the participants will reside at Nankov ([email protected]) no later than 15 ARCS. Participants from non-member institutions February 2010. Applicants need to submit also a will be charged an additional fee of $100 per statement of interest (up to three pages), a CV, month. and, in the case of student applicants, two letters of recommendation (sent separately by e-mail). A limited number of grants to cover part of the participation fees will be available to the student applicants, to be awarded on the basis of merit. 7

The approved participants will receive The lack of comparative studies in the Balkans notification by 15 March 2010. The participation extends to archaeological research and, even fee and a photocopy of a valid medical insurance setting aside the antagonistic relationship that card will be due by 15 April 2010. some countries still have towards each other, some of the fault for the lack of such studies has its AN INTRODUCTION TO THE ROLE OF roots in Soviet practices, including Soviet SOVIET ARCHAEOLOGY AND archaeological theory and methodology. Past ADMINISTRATIVE PRACTICES IN comparative studies were further hindered by a BULGARIAN ARCHAEOLOGY general lack of communication both within and without the region. For example, Whittle notes in Shannon Martino his book Europe in the Neolithic that though there University of Pennsylvania were many post-war excavations in Southeast Europe, few were published due to “military and Political and social boundaries are often a political sensitivities”. deterrent to comparative archaeological research and sometimes comprise difficult formal or Though Bulgaria, like former Czechoslovakia, informal permission mechanisms resulting in adopted national communism or Stalinism in what some materials being all but inaccessible. Carey and Raciborski in their 2004 paper Perhaps nowhere are these boundaries more “Postcolonialism: A Valid Paradigm for the strongly felt than in the Balkans/Southeast Former Sovietized States and Yugoslavia?” Europe, with approximately twelve countries and describe as an attempt at “autonomy within the as many languages. Having spent three months in Soviet sphere”, certain restrictions were still Bulgaria this year on a fellowship at the American placed on academics. One in particular was the Research Center in Sofia, I can both personally necessity to join the communist party and write relate what working in one Balkan country is like along party lines in order to hold a position at an and speak to some of the historical and current educational or research institution. According to political issues that have been made known to me Atanasova, in the 2004 article “Lyudmila Zhivkova through conversations with Bulgarian and the Paradox of Ideology and Identity in archaeologists and my own preliminary research. Communist Bulgaria”, “Bulgarian communist rulers and their superiors in Moscow defended Though the Balkan countries appear to have strict the imposition of the Stalinist straitjacket in the national and cultural boundaries, such niceties sphere of culture by claiming that they were are mostly the domain of cartographers; for promoting the great communist ideal of creating instance, there are still some areas in Bulgaria the universal ‘new Soviet man’.” One of the very where Turkish and, rarely, Greek are spoken. first examples of Soviet censorship occurred as The Pomak group is a particularly interesting soon as the new regime took over towards the example for its mixture of cultural traditions. end of World War II. Gurdev, in his online article Though their origins and lifestyle are essentially “125 Godini ot Rozhdenieto na Bogdan Filov”, Bulgarian, they are part of the Muslim minority in describes how the Soviets sentenced Bogdan Bulgaria. My first brief introduction to this group Filov, a Prime Minister in the Kingdom of was through one of the ARCS trips. There are also Bulgaria, to death and banned all his many borders in the Balkans which remain archaeological writings from use in scholarly contested to this day, especially when it comes to publications (unless he went unnamed) until the the Republic of Macedonia. 1970s; his publications even became difficult to find. Until recently, however, little research was done on the connections among the region’s cultures, A later example is the case of Lyudmila Zhivkova, modern or ancient, and certainly little research who played a very important role in the that Western scholars could obtain or read. Most development of Bulgarian attitudes towards their publications discussed the finds from single sites cultural heritage. However, Western scholars (and not all of the finds at that) or were written in rarely mention her in their studies of Bulgarian Bulgarian and thus ignored by most Western history. She was the only daughter of Todor scholars. These publications, though, sometimes Zhivkov, the longest lasting communist party represent all the information that remains of an leader and head of state in Bulgaria, and was early excavation in Bulgaria and many of these herself once head of the Commission on Science, volumes can only be found in Bulgaria. It was for Culture and Art. Yet even she was not free to this reason that much of my work in Bulgaria was eschew Marxist agendas. Atanasova explains done in the libraries of the National how Stoyan Mihailov, then a secretary for Archaeological Institute and ARCS. Before I came ideology in the Central Committee of the to Bulgaria, I never imagined that I would gather Bulgarian Communist Party, had to convert any of as many essential articles and books to read or her non-Marxist writings into the required Marxist that the idea for an article would come from a form. lecture at the American Research Center.

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The University of Alaska Anchorage group at the Visiting Nicopolis ad Nestum, SW Bulgaria White Tower in Thessaloniki

The Fellows at the Thracian tumulus at Karanovo, ARCS Fellows taking photos of the impressive noted for its chariot and aristocratic burial of the remains of Philippi Roman period

The Roman stadium in Philippopolis The ARCS group at Amphipolis

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In front of Megali Toumba in Vergina At the agora of Nicopolis ad Istrum

The Archaeological Museum in Veria At the windy gate of Mesambria on the Black Sea coast

The Regional Museum of History in Vratsa, NW Visiting ancient Kabyle Bulgaria

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Perhaps the first time that archaeology was could boast their own particular cultural heritage. specifically tied to politics in the former Soviet The Chalcolithic Gumelniţa-Kodzhadermen- Union was in the late 1930s. Bulkin, Klejn and Karanovo VI complex typifies the ideological Lebedev, in their article “Attainments and battles concerning heritage in Balkans. It has Problems of Soviet Archaeology”, state that the been suggested that rather than having a single sovereignty of the nations within the USSR was felt name for this culture, the three names (the first, to be threatened and in response, Soviet Romanian) allow different authors to pose any one scholarship focused on promoting “national self- of them as the developmental center. Valeria consciousness and the expression of national Bineva posed the site Sveti Kirilovo as perhaps pride and the fostering of the best indigenous the best example, in terms of the number of traditions”. The past was now a rich source of names a site can bear. This Bronze Age site has ethnic groups “peopled by ‘our forebears’, the been alternatively known as Kirilovo, Sveti Sveti ancestors of the , Balts, Finno-Ugrians, Kiril i Metodievo, and Kiril i Metodievo. Iranians, Armenians, Germans, Turks and others”. According to Bulkin, Klejn and Lebedev, “the The interrelations implied by the necessity of officially sanctioned Soviet conception of an creating cultural complexes in archaeological ethnos, long championed by Y. V. Bromlei among literature are still overlooked in this post-Soviet others, can be characterized as primordialist or era, often due to prevailing misapprehensions essentialist; i.e., attachment to an ethnic group that only publications in certain languages are was based on objective, relatively durable, and scholarly. This is particularly true for studies in fixed criteria, such as language, racial group, the Black Sea region of the former Soviet dress, house forms, cuisine, and other cultural territories and Turkey, and is partially illustrated traditions or time-honored ways of doing things”. by the fact that few detailed maps of the western By defining these ethnic groups, both past and Black Sea depict all the surrounding countries. present, Soviet archeologists, historians, and Furthermore, in almost every text the Bosporus is politicians were able to define the borders of that seen as a political and cultural divide between group’s habitation. Carey and Raciborski state both ancient and modern Eastern Europe and that minorities within the modern defined ethnic Asian Turkey. Even where it is not viewed as a areas, when identified, were either oppressed, as strict divide, only the most western part of Turkey pointed out by the 1975 Helsinki Accords, or is included, despite the well-known intermingling relocated to other areas. In Bulgaria, those with of Eastern European and Turkish cultures. “non-Bulgarian” names were forced to change them in the mid 1980s (The Economist The particular need to promote this divide that Newspaper, February 2, 1985). Can and Todorov, Bulgarians seem to feel is perhaps due to what in their 2004 paper “Turks of Bulgaria: some have termed the Bulgarian inferiority Assimilation Policy and Linguistic Oppression”, complex. One aspect of this complex is an noted that in March 1990, following the deposition aspiration to legitimize Bulgaria as being on the of and subsequent return of some same cultural footing as the other European Bulgarian Turks to Bulgaria, people were allowed countries. Atanasova identifies “the two most to reassume their Turkish and Arabic names powerful phenomena of Bulgarian history in the through the Names of Bulgarian Citizens Act; this twentieth century” as “the Soviet system and the act still specifies which names can be given to a way it operated in Eastern Europe...[and] a child. national identity defined by contradictory features that include but are not confined to, the According to Kohl in the 1998 article “Nationalism often-cited ‘inferiority complex’.” Lyudmila and Archaeology: On the Constructions of Nations Zhivkova worked hard to reverse this internal and the Reconstructions of the Remote Past”, the perception, including commissioning Soviet designation of administrative units based “publications whose sole aim was to promote a upon the identification of specific ethnic groups new and positive interpretation of Bulgarian and nationalist agendas went hand in hand with history and character.” Other activities meant to studies of ethnogenesis generally promulgated promote Bulgarian national pride included by Soviet archaeologists. As a side note, in the festivals, such as the 1300 years celebration to 1974 book Bibliografiya na balgarskata commemorate the founding of the First Bulgarian arheologiya, 1879-1966, which indexes Bulgarian Kingdom. Such festivals were often justified using archaeological publications until 1966, 34 pages archaeological evidence. are devoted to studies of the ethnogenesis of one group of people or another. On the one hand, Bailey in his 1998 article “Bulgarian Archaeology: ethnogenesis attempted to tie contemporary Ideology, Sociopolitics, and the Exotic” argued cultures with ancient ones, often giving credence that the closeness of archaeology and politics in to the territorial claims of contemporary cultural Bulgaria continued even into the late 1990s: groups. On the other hand, the Soviet practice of “Bulgarian archaeology itself is an active socio- cultural historical archaeology encouraged a politics and ideology: it is not a passive tool of proliferation of toponyms for the area’s ancient socio-political, nationalist, totalitarian, or other cultures, such that different administrative units state-level political structures. Bulgarian 11 archaeology’s long-established position as a Maya Vassileva. A special thanks goes to Valeria socio-political ideology is one of the conditions Bineva for her insights on this preliminary paper. which makes it appear exotic to Western eyes.” A BALKAN INQUISITION: A SHORT-TERM Given the strong historical ties between STUDY ABROAD COURSE OFFERED BY THE government and archaeology in Bulgaria, it is not UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA ANCHORAGE surprising that these connections exist today. One can hardly argue, however, that other Christine Hanson countries are entirely immune to the effects of University of Alaska Anchorage politics in archaeology. Furthermore, just as not all Soviet archaeology was politically motivated, On May 26, 2009, ten students and two faculty neither is all Bulgarian archaeology so motivated. members from University of Alaska left With the ever expanding nature of Bulgarian Anchorage for a short-term study abroad course archaeology and its gradual opening up to “A Balkan Inquisition”. The class traveled in Western scholars, this situation is likely to Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Greece and improve even further. First, Western scholars will Turkey with an itinerary planned by Dr. Mark be able to access more materials and therefore Carper of the Geography Department and Dr. be able to balance any negative view of Nikola Theodossiev of the American Research Bulgarian archaeology with knowledge of its Center in Sofia, and led by Dr. Christine Hanson, many positive aspects. Second, scholars foreign Department of Anthropology, and Ms. Barbara to Bulgaria will generally gain a clearer Markley, Student Health and Counseling. The impression of the richness and depth of Bulgarian students came from varied academic archaeological artifacts and publications. Having backgrounds including art history, engineering, so gained an appreciation for Bulgarian anthropology, and history, but the common factor archaeology, perhaps more of the badly-needed for both the class leaders and the students was funds for research and publication will flow into minimal knowledge about and experience in the Bulgaria, allowing Bulgarian archaeologists to Balkans. This made the class an adventure for all focus on the synthesis of materials that time and concerned. Still, each discipline brought its own money rarely allow currently. perceptions and insights. We all learned from one another as well as our various local experts. It is harder to tell if the relationship between Turkish and Bulgarian scholars is on the mend. A Before departure we read The Balkans: A Short lot of enmity stems from the shared history of History by Mark Mazower. Although this gave us these two countries, and the fact that they speak a brief introduction, we nevertheless experienced quite different languages does not help the culture shock when we finally arrived in Sofia. situation. Additionally, if Bulgaria is, as Bailey First, only one of us could read the Cyrillic says, considered to be an exotic country in the alphabet. Fortunately we were met by two eyes of westerners, Turkey is even more so. excellent guides, Ivan and Valentin, who spoke However, some Bulgarian scholars do work with excellent English. The first day was a bit of a blur Turkish colleagues, predominantly prehistorians. as we were all exhausted after a 28 hour trip to After having personally examined so many reach Sofia. Even so, we were struck by several prehistoric terracotta figurines in both Turkey aspects of life in Sofia. First, was the invasion of and Bulgaria and beginning to compare other American products – Coca Cola, Dunkin Donuts, aspects of their material culture, it is clear to me McDonalds, etc. On one hand this was familiar that much lies in the vaults of Bulgarian museums and reassuring but on the other hand it was a bit that has yet to be rediscovered, and these finds sad to see the less-than-best of American culture can bear strongly on past relations in the Black had invaded so quickly and widely. On another Sea region. note, it was charming to see grandparents with children and old men playing chess in the parks. With the help of the American Research Center We also got to experience the high jinx of and the generous support of several colleagues I graduating teenagers – some things seem to be was able to navigate the museum systems and the same the world over. libraries in Bulgaria and make some important headway in my research. ARCS was a wonderful One of the highlights of our stay in Sofia was the jumping off point and the lectures and Bulgarian visit to the American Research Center. The language classes they provided were invaluable. facilities are fantastic and I would recommend I would like to particularly thank: Hristo Alexiev, them to anyone researching this part of the world. Hristina Angelova, Krum Bacvarov, Valeria Dr. Nikola Theodossiev led a great discussion Bineva, Dimitar Chernakov, Stoilka Ignatova- about life in Bulgaria, past and present. Several of Terzijska, Tatiana Kancheva-Ruseva, Svetlana the students were struck by an offhand comment Kavrakova, Anton Kazakov, Bistra Koleva, Donka that he made about being able to freely travel Koleva, Angel Konakliev, Rossitsa Mitkova, Emil across Europe nowadays but not when he was a Nankov, Vasil Nikolov, Nikola Theodossiev and teenager under the communist dictatorship. It brought to our awareness just how different life in 12

Bulgaria is now than in the recent past. Another Macedonia were familiar. We managed to arrive eye-opening experience at ARCS for one of our in Thessaloniki right before the elections and students was when Mr. Hristo Alexiev brought out were treated to two marches and political rallies. his clarinet. As she also played the clarinet, she The reaction of the students to the communist assumed that the instrument would be the same parade and rally was amusing. We (the course everywhere. Not so. She expected different a way leaders) had no idea that a political parade and of playing to reflect a different culture but not a rally would cause so much trepidation in young different instrument. Americans. Surely the Cold War had been over for most of their lives. We particularly enjoyed While in Sofia we also visited St. Alexander the island of Thasos with its marble quarries and Nevski Cathedral, Boyana Church, the Sveta stunning beaches. One cannot spend all the time Sophia Church, St. George Rotunda, and the in museums! Banya Bashi Mosque. Each structure was beautiful in its own way. We were deeply moved It was a good break for us as our patience and by the art, the architecture and the history but it good moods were severely challenged in Turkey. was the meaning of religion through time that The hustle and bustle of Istanbul, a huge vibrant particularly struck us. This is a theme that would city, was a sharp contrast after the serenity of recur throughout the class. Religion, whether Thasos. There was a mix-up with our hotel and we Christianity or Islam, seemed to be a uniting force ended up in a very pungent district that turned for the disparate peoples of the region. An into one large brothel at night. However, with a outstanding lecture at Rila Monastery gave us few room changes and adjustments everything further insight into the role of religion in national worked out all right. After all, we could stay home history. if all we wanted were familiar surroundings. On the bright side, the neighborhood encouraged We did not stay in Bulgaria. Since the class was the young students to stay in at night and tend to offered as an anthropology course (a last minute their class assignments. Also on the bright side, change from geography course), we were the Blue Mosque, the Hagia Sophia, the Basilica naturally interested in archaeological sites. So off Cistern, the Grand Bazaar and the Spice Market, to Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. While there Topkapi Palace and rug market were all we were privileged to get an on-site tour of Kaleto spectacular and informative. And imagine being Fortress by one of the archeologists excavating able to have one foot in Europe and one in Asia the site. Excavation and reconstruction were both figuratively and literally. Despite our short taking place side-by-side. This was the first, but stay, it was time to leave Turkey and return to not the last, archaeological site we visited. Bulgaria. At least one of us sorely regrets not having seen the famous Ottoman lions with runic The largest site by far that any of us had seen was carvings – we will just have to go back sometime! the ancient city of Stobi, also in the Republic of Macedonia. The depth of history impressed many Having sacrificed a free day in Istanbul we were of us. As one student wrote in her journal: “The able to spend an extra day in the resort town of coolest thing was that we were walking on ancient Sozopol on Bulgarian Black Sea coast. A free day roads and at the end of the day our feet were in Sozopol was just what we needed after many covered with the dust of time.” (Tomme Hough, days of history, art, architecture, and religion. 2009). The United States of America as a nation is Excavations next to the hotel provided interest for so recent that many of us were overwhelmed by the die-hards while the beach and restaurants the complexity and extensive history of the entertained the others. We could not stay at the region. Thank goodness the archaeologists were beach forever – so on to enchanting Veliko available to help us. The site is still being Tarnovo. Tsarevets Fortress was the first “castle” excavated so the students got to see a working that many students had ever seen and they were site from excavation to drawing to artifact suitably impressed. From there we went to the processing. Several of the students expressed a “living past” of Gabrovo Ethnographic Museum. desire to take a field course and return to Stobi to After a quick overall tour, we split off to pursue participate in the excavation. our individual crafts; some of us are potters, some jewelry makers and knife-makers, a few weavers The countryside of both Bulgaria and the Republic and the rest general interest enthusiasts. It was a of Macedonia are beautiful, the people friendly fascinating time. and helpful, the food excellent, and the wines superb. All of us agreed that we would not mind On our way to Koprivshtitsa we stopped at the coming back for a longer stay. Shipka Pass Memorial. The students charged up the steps like mountain goats and views were We traveled to Greece from the Republic of magnificent. Below us and a few kilometers to the Macedonia. Many of the students knew a little southeast there was some sort of building that about Greek history. By this time many of the looked like a massive “flying saucer”. We drove motifs and much of the sacred symbolism that we to the parking lot below it and some of the had seen before in Bulgaria and the Republic of students climbed the steep path to the strange 13 installation. It was the abandoned communist-era • American Chamber of Commerce in Bulgaria building at Buzludzha. The students were • Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in intrigued with the crumbling mosaics and the size the Humanities and Social Sciences in Wassenaar of the structure. After this short delay we arrived • American Research Institute in Turkey in Koprivshtitsa, a quaint town in the mountains. • Danish National Research Foundation’s The weather was so gorgeous and the town so Centre for Black Sea Studies picturesque that we decided to forego the lecture • “Ilia Todorov Gadjev” Institute for the History on the April Uprising and go horseback riding. of the Bulgarian Immigration in North America What a joy that was! The horses were fine mounts • Archaeological Museum of Varna and the trek through the surrounding countryside • Archaeological Museum of Septemvri was marvelous. Most of us did not know how to • “Vasil Stanilov” Publishing House ride, so just being on a horse was a novel • Department of Archaeology and Ancient experience to say nothing of the leisurely History, Uppsala University exposure to farms and fields. We returned to town • Regional Museum of History – Vratsa in time for lunch – a meal spent sitting delicately for some. • Kevin Clinton and Nora Dimitrova • Stephen Tracy and June Allison By June 15, 2009, we had completed our circle • John Coleman Balkan tour and were back in Sofia whence we • Jacquelyn C. Clinton started. A free day to sightsee those things we • Nikola Theodossiev missed at the beginning of our course, to shop, to • Hristo Alexiev pack, and to rest for the long trip back to • Asen Kirin Anchorage. We had been warmly welcomed by • Diana Gergova the people we met, we all put on kilos from the • Henrieta Todorova wonderful food, and as one of the students wrote • Joan Markley Todd “I learned more than my brain can process.” It • Julia Valeva was time for our little community of learners to go • Krum Bacvarov home. • Hristina Atanassova • Donna Buchanan DONORS • Dany Chakalova • Peter Dimitrov We extend our deep gratitude and appreciation • Judith Hansen to the following institutions and individuals for • Larissa Bonfante their generous donations, which were essential • Lidiya Domaradzka for the establishment of ARCS and its library. • Sarah Morris • Ivan Ilchev Sponsors: • Svetlana Ivanova • Packard Humanities Institute • Vanya Lozanova-Stancheva • America for Bulgaria Foundation • Latchezar Toshev • National Endowment for the Humanities • Vasil Markov • Lucius N. Littauer Foundation • Alexander Nikolov • The Getty Foundation • Alexander Gungov • Luther I. Replogle Foundation • Kostadin Rabajiev • The Tianaderrah Foundation • Lynn Roller • The Samuel H. Kress Foundation • Liliana Simeonova • Dr. Bogomil Gerganov • Rebecca Sinos • June Allison and Stephen Tracy • Mirena Slavova • Nora Dimitrova and Kevin Clinton • Totko Stoyanov • Pietro Pucci • Katya Stoycheva • Irina Doneff • Lyudmil Vagalinski • Peter Delev • Georgi Vassilev • Svetlana Ivanova • Maya Vassileva • Petya Yaneva Library Donors: • John Younger • Valeriya Fol • American School of Classical Studies at • Evgeni Paunov Athens • Ilya Prokopov • Archaeology Department at Sofia University • Malcolm Wiener "St. Kliment Ohridski" • Nartsis Torbov • The Haemimont Foundation • Alden Smith • American Academy in • Dorothy Thompson • American Journal of Archaeology • Jerzy Hatlas • Institute of Thracology, Bulgarian Academy of • Martin Gyuzelev Sciences • Zvi Keren 14

• Emil Nankov and Valeria Bineva • Arcadia University: Jan Motyka Sanders • Georgi and Dyanko Markov (Arcadia Center for Hellenic, • Christina Näslund Mediterranean and Balkan Studies) • Dietrich Berndt • Baylor University: John Thorburn • Ina Merdjanova (Classics) • Ivo Zheinov and Veselina Antonova • Bowdoin College (in process) • John Oakley • Bryn Mawr College: James Wright • James Pardew (Classical and Near Eastern • Jan de Boer Archaeology) • Lyubomir Tsonev • California State University, Long Beach: • Metodi Manov Christopher Karadjov (College of Liberal • Roald Docter Arts) • Winfred van de Put • Case Western Reserve University: Martin Helzle (Classics) BOARD OF TRUSTEES • Center for Hellenic Studies: Gregory Nagy (Director) ARCS is governed by a Board of Trustees • Christopher Newport University (in process): John Hyland (History) exercising all powers of the corporation. We • Colgate University: Rebecca Miller greatly appreciate their support and guidance. Ammerman (Classics) The current members of the Board are: • College of William and Mary: John H. Oakley (Classics) • Professor Glenn Bugh, Virginia Polytechnic • Columbia University: to be appointed Institute and State University (Classics) • Professor Kevin Clinton, Cornell University • Cornell University: Kevin Clinton • Dr. Nora Dimitrova, Director of the United (Classics) States office of ARCS • Dartmouth College: Ada Cohen (Art • Mr. , former Prime Minister of History) Bulgaria and Ambassador of Bulgaria to the • Duke University: Mary T. Boatwright United States (Classical Studies) • Professor Elizabeth Gebhard, University of • Dumbarton Oaks: Margaret Mullett Illinois at Chicago (Byzantine Studies) • Professor Bogomil Gerganov, Pacific • Emory University: Bonna Wescoat Lutheran University (History of Art) • Mr. James Pardew, former Ambassador of the • Florida Atlantic University: Noemi Marin United States to Bulgaria (School of Communication and • Professor Lynn E. Roller, University of Multimedia Studies) California at Davis • Franklin and Marshall College: Alexis • Professor Julia Stefanova, Fulbright Castor (Classics) Commission in Bulgaria • George Mason University: Andrea Bartoli • Mr. Gligor Tashkovich, former Minister for (Institute for Conflict Analysis and Foreign Investment, Republic of Macedonia Resolution) • Georgia College and State University: ARCS INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERS AND Kalina Manoylov (Biological and REPRESENTATIVES Environmental Sciences) • Gettysburg College: Carolyn S. Snively The following is a list of the current member (Classics) institutions, whose representatives form the • Grinnell College: Dennis Hughes Managing Committee of ARCS. Our warmest (Classics) thanks go to them for writing letters of support, • Haemimont Foundation: Eftim Pandeff sharing our mission and goals, and telling others (Founder and Trustee) of our programs and activities. If you (or your • Harvard University: John Duffy (Classics) institution) wish to join ARCS, please contact • Indiana University: Richard Bauman Professor Kevin Clinton at [email protected]. (Folklore and Ethnomusicology) The membership fee is $200 both for individual • Institute for Aegean Prehistory: Karen and institutional members. Vellucci (Director for Grant Programs) • John Cabot University: Eric De Sena (Art • American Academy in Rome: Thomas History and Studio Art) McGinn (Classical Studies) • Johns Hopkins University: Alan Shapiro • American University in Bulgaria: Ann (Classics) Ferren (Provost) • Loyola University New Orleans: Bernard • Appalachian State University: Brian A. Cook (History) Ellison (Government and Justice Studies) • New York University: Larissa Bonfante (Classics) 15

• North Dakota State University: John K. • University of Maryland: Joseph B. Cox (History, Philosophy and Religious Scholten (Office of International Studies) Programs) • Ohio State University (in process): Yana • University of Michigan: Adela Sobotkova Hashamova (Center for Slavic and East (Kelsey Museum of Archaeology) European Studies) • University of Minnesota: Frederick A. • Pennsylvania State University: Anthony Cooper (Art History and Classical and Cutler (Art History) Near Eastern Studies) • Princeton University: Margaret • University of Missouri, Columbia: Marcus Beissinger (Slavic Languages and Rautman (Art History and Archaeology) Literatures) • University of North Carolina, Asheville: • Rice University: Michael Maas (History) Lora Holland (Classics) • Rutgers University: Thomas Figueira • University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill: (Classics) Kenneth Sams (Classics) • Santa Clara University: William • University of Pennsylvania Museum of Greenwalt (Classics) Archaeology and Anthropology: Richard • Stanford University: Ian Morris (Institute Hodges (Director) of Archaeology) • University of South Florida: William M. • Temple University: Philip Betancourt (Art Murray (History) History) • University of Tennessee, Knoxville: • Texas A&M University: Deborah N. Denver Graninger (Classics) Carlson (Nautical Archaeology Program • University of Texas, Austin: Mary in the Department of Anthropology) Neuburger (History) • University of Alaska: Mark Carper • University of Texas, San Antonio: Boyka (Geography) Stefanova (Political Science and • University of California, Berkeley: Jeffrey Geography) Pennington (Institute of Slavic, East • University of Toronto: Christer Bruun European and Eurasian Studies) (Classics) • University of California, Irvine: Marc • University of Washington: James E. Baer (History) Augerot (Ellison Center for Russian, East • University of California, Los Angeles: European and Central Asian Studies) Evgenia Grigorova (Cotsen Institute of • University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee: Archaeology) Philip Shashko (History) • University of Chicago: Victor Friedman • University of Wisconsin, River Falls: Kiril (Center for East European and Petkov (History and Philosophy) Russian/Eurasian Studies) • Utah State University: Dwight Israelsen • University of Cincinnati: Peter van (Jon M. Huntsman School of Business) Minnen (Classics) • Vassar College: Robert Pounder • University of Colorado, Boulder: Diliana (Classics) Angelova (Classics) • Villa I Tatti, The Harvard University • University of Florida: Petia Kostadinova Center for Italian Renaissance Studies: (Center for European Studies) Joseph Connors (Director) • University of Georgia: Naomi Norman • Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State (Classics) University: Glenn Bugh (Classics) • University of Illinois, Urbana- • Willamette University: Scott H. Pike Champaign: Donna A. Buchanan (Environmental and Earth Sciences) (Russian, East European, and Eurasian • Yale University: Milette Gaifman Center) (Classics and History of Art) • University of Iowa: Roumyana Slabakova (Center for Russian, East European and Individual Members: Eurasian Studies) • University of Kansas: Richard W. • Jason A. Reuscher (Pennsylvania State Lariviere (Provost and Executive Vice University) Chancellor) • Michelle Hill (New York) • University of Kentucky: Milena Minkova (Classics)

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Map of Bulgaria and the region by Google

Contact: Professor Kevin Clinton, Chair, Managing Committee; President, Board of Trustees, [email protected] Dr. Nora Dimitrova, Director-United States Office; Trustee, [email protected] American Research Center in Sofia-United States Office, Goldwin Smith 120, Department of Classics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, Telephone: (607) 255-8325

Dr. Nikola Theodossiev, Associate Academic Director, [email protected] Dr. Emil Nankov, Archaeology Program Officer, [email protected] American Research Center in Sofia, 75 Vasil Petleshkov St., 1510 Sofia, Bulgaria, Telephone: +359-2-947-9498, 945 7548, 947 9498, Fax +3592 840 1962

If you wish to support ARCS, please send a check payable to the American Research Center in Sofia to Professor Kevin Clinton, Goldwin Smith 120, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Any contribution, no matter how modest, is greatly appreciated. All contributions are exempt from U.S. Federal income tax.