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The Diary of Bogdan Filov Bogdan Dimitrov Filov
DOCUMENTS FREDERICK B. CHARY, translator and editor (Gary, Ind., U.S.A.) The Diary of Bogdan Filov Bogdan Dimitrov Filov (1883-1945) was prime minister of Bulgaria from 1940 to 1943 and a member of the regency couiicil from September, 1943 to September 9, 1944. One of the most important political leaders of the Kingdom of Bulgaria during the critical years of World War II, he wrote a diary of day-to-day events of that time which has great value for the historian. In it are revealed both the stresses of Balkan politics and the views of Axis leaders and their allies on the war. Before entering upon his political career, Filov was an art historian and an archaeologist. He was at one time a rector of Sofia University and president of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. His scholarly works were so numerous and impressive that even today they form a major contribution to the study of Bulgarian antiquities and medieval art. Filov first entered the Bulgarian government in November, 1938, as minister of education. Although he was a Germanophile (he had attended German universities and belonged to several German scholarly societies), his minor post and academic background kept him from the center of political controversy in 1939. At that time a power struggle between Georgi K'oseivanov, the prime minister, and Ivan Bagrianov, the minister of agriculture in the 1938-1939 cabinet, occupied Bulgarian politics. King Boris III had hand-picked K'oseivanov for the premiership in 1935, after the struggles following the Military League's coup d'etat of the previous year had brought the state under the domination of the throne. -
Personalism and Bulgarian Identity Discourse Between the Two World Wars (A Preliminary Exploration)
ISSN 2029–2236 (print) ISSN 2029–2244 (online) SOCIALINIŲ mokslų STUDIJOS SOCIETAL STUDIES 2012, 4(4), p. 1281–1298. PERSONALISM AND BULGARIAN IDENTITY DISCOURSE BETWEEN THE TWO WORLD WARS (A PRELIMINARY EXPLORATION) Jordan Ljuckanov Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Literature Shipchenski Prohod blvd. 52, block 17, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Telephone (+359 2) 979 6341 E-mail: [email protected] Received on 5 May, 2012; accepted on 12 June, 2012 Abstract. In this paper I investigate the compatibility between personalist philosophy and the Bulgarian identity discourse between the two World Wars. Having outlined the variability and conceptual tensions (on “collective personality,” e.g.) within Russian and French personalism(s) of the 1910s-1940s, I delineate four prerequisites for emerging and adopting personalism in interwar Bulgaria: (1) the post-idealist crisis of identities and identifications; (2) the reception of foreign personalist (or close to such) philosophy; (3) the re- assessment of “home” (East-Christian) theological tradition and its philosophical implications; (4) the discovery of someone “other” needed worthy of being recognised as (collective) “Thee.” Postponing the exploration of the third prerequisite for a subsequent study, I conclude so far that within interwar Bulgarian secular thought only random juxtapositions between personalism and identity discourse can be expected, and I examine three such cases. Keywords: personalism, collective identity, Byzantium after Byzantium, morphology of history, conservative avant-garde, Bulgarian intellectual culture 1919–1944. Socialinių mokslų studijos/Societal Studies ISSN 2029–2236 (print), ISSN 2029–2244 (online) Mykolo Romerio universitetas, 2012 http://www.mruni.eu/lt/mokslo_darbai/SMS/ Mykolas Romeris University, 2012 http://www.mruni.eu/en/mokslo_darbai/SMS/ 1282 Jordan Ljuckanov. -
Las Tierras De Dionisio
Las tierras de Dionisio Datos de mapas ©2015 Basarsoft, GeoBasis-DE/BKG (©2009), Google, ORION-ME Día 1 Sofia (0 km 0 horas 0 minutos) Día 2 Sofia > Svoge > Mezdra > Glozhenski manastir (170 km 2 horas 48 minutos) Día 3 Glozhenski manastir > Lovetch > Devetaki > Arbanasi (182 km 3 horas 1 minuto) Día 4 Arbanasi > Veliko Tarnovo > Osmar (132 km 1 hora 56 minutos) Día 5 Osmar > Varna > Medovo (209 km 2 horas 47 minutos) Día 6 Medovo > Zheravna > Sliven (184 km 2 horas 35 minutos) Día 7 Sliven > Kazanlak > Starosel (173 km 2 horas 19 minutos) Día 8 Starosel > Plovdiv > Brestovitsa (68 km 1 hora 14 minutos) Día 9 Brestovitsa > Batak > Velingrad > Bansko > Dobarsko (164 km 3 horas 5 minutos) Día 10 Dobarsko > Kovachevica > Melnik (164 km 3 horas 11 minutos) Día 11 Melnik > Rila > Sofia (194 km 2 horas 55 minutos) Día 12 Sofia (0 km 0 horas 0 minutos) Total: 1640 km 25 horas 51 minutos Día 1 Sofia (0 km 0 horas 0 minutos) Itinerario sugerido 1 Llegada a Sofía Serán recogidos en el aeropuerto de Sofía donde se les entregará su vehículo de alquiler. En función de su hora de llegada, el primer día podrán visitar y conocer la capital búlgara, sus monumentos históricos y la gente. Llegada a Sofía 2 La Catedral San Alexandar Nevski Es el monumento más visitado y emblemático de la capital. Se construyó entre 1904 y 1912, en homenaje a los soldados rusos muertos por la liberación del país. El Santo Alexandar Nevski, era el Santo Padrón del Tsar Alexandar liberador del país. -
Nicopolis Ad Nestum and Its Place in the Ancient Road Infrastructure of Southwestern Thracia
BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, XLIV, 2018 Proceedings of the First International Roman and Late Antique Thrace Conference “Cities, Territories and Identities” (Plovdiv, 3rd – 7th October 2016) Nicopolis ad Nestum and Its Place in the Ancient Road Infrastructure of Southwestern Thracia Svetla PETROVA Abstract: The road network of main and secondary roads for Nicopolis ad Nestum has not been studied comprehensively so far. Our research was carried out in the pe- riod 2010-2015. We have gathered the preserved parts of roads with bridges, together with the results of archaeological studies and data about the settlements alongside these roads. The Roman city of Nicopolis ad Nestum inherited road connections from 1 One of the first descriptions of the pre-Roman times, which were further developed. Road construction in the area has road net in the area of Nevrokop belongs been traced chronologically from the pre-Roman roads to the Roman primary and to Captain A. Benderev (Бендерев 1890, secondary ones for the ancient city. There were several newly built roadbeds that were 461-470). V. Kanchov is the next to follow important for the area and connected Nicopolis with Via Diagonalis and Via Egnatia. the ancient road across the Rhodopes, The elements of infrastructure have been established: primary and secondary roads, connecting Nicopolis ad Nestum with crossings, facilities and roadside stations. Also the locations of custom-houses have the valley of the Hebros river (Кънчов been found at the border between Parthicopolis and Nicopolis ad Nestum. We have 1894, 235-247). The road from the identified a dense network of road infrastructure with relatively straight sections and a Nestos river (at Nicopolis) to Dospat, lot of local roads and bridges, connecting the settlements in the territory of Nicopolis the so-called Trans-Rhodopean road, ad Nestum. -
The Fate of the Bulgarian Jews During the Holocaust – the Menace, the Rescue, the Aliya
The Fate of the Bulgarian Jews during the Holocaust – the Menace, the Rescue, the Aliya Assoc. Prof. Rumyana Dimitrova Marinova-Christidi, Ph.D. Faculty of History Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" Bulgarians and Jews have for centuries lived together in a tolerant and loyal manner. The very first Bulgarian Constitution, adopted in 1979 upon the Liberation of Bulgaria from Ottoman Rule, guaranteed the political equality of the ethnical and religious minorities in a period when Jews had a major role not only in the economic, but also in the political and cultural life of the country. Bulgarian Jews were internationally recognized individuals like the painter Jules Pascin, originally from Vidin and the Nobel Prize winner for literature Elias Canetti, born in Rousse, as well as many other members of the Bulgarian intellectual elite. The Bulgarian Jewish Community maintained excellent relations with the state and in 1909 the Bulgarian Monarch family attended the grand opening of the impressive new Sofia Synagogue – the third largest in Europe and among the most beautiful. As loyal subjects of the Bulgarian state the Jews took part in the wars for Bulgarian national unification. During the Serb-Bulgarian War of 1885 some Jews reached the rank of colonel in the Bulgarian army. The names of some Jewish soldiers and officers are prominent during the Balkan wars of 1912-1913 and during the First World War. The total number of Jews, killed in these wars is 952. In the period between the two world wars the Jewish Community in Sofia accounts for around 0.8% of the total Bulgarian population, reaching approximately 50 000 people. -
Download a Plovdiv Guide
Map Sightseeing Culture Restaurants Cafés Nightlife Shopping Hotels Plovdiv №01, Autumn 2017 Contents Arriving & Getting Around 3 Plovdiv Basics 5 ESSENTIAL CITY GUIDES History 6 Feature 7 National Revival Architecture GET THE IN YOUR POCKET APP What’s on 8 In Your Pocket City Essentials is available for Android and iOS from Google Play Store and the App Store. Restaurants 10 Featuring more than 45 cities across Europe, In Your Pocket City Essentials is an invaluable resource telling Cafes 14 you about our favourite places, carefully picked by our local editors. All venues are mapped and work offline Nightlife 16 to help you avoid roaming charges while you enjoy the best our cities have to offer. Download In Your Pocket Sightseeing 18 City Essentials now. Shopping 25 Directory 27 Leisure 28 Hotels 30 Map 32 facebook.com/PlovdivInYourPocket 2017 1 Foreword Bulgaria’s second largest city is home to the country’s most impressive man-made sight: the incredibly well preserved Ancient Тheatre sitting in the saddle between two of the 6 (originally 7) hills the city is famed for and providing a breath- taking view of the city and the Rhodope mountain range. Plovdiv boasts plentiful Roman ruins and an enchanting Old Publisher Town of cobbled streets and timber-framed 19th century Inside & out Ltd. painted houses with overhanging oriel windows. There is no better place for a relaxing, meandering day of sightseeing. Plovdiv is considered one of the oldest cities in Europe, its Published in printed mini guide format once per year. history going back to a Neolithic settlement dated at roughly Print run 10,000 copies 6000 B.C. -
The Shaping of Bulgarian and Serbian National Identities, 1800S-1900S
The Shaping of Bulgarian and Serbian National Identities, 1800s-1900s February 2003 Katrin Bozeva-Abazi Department of History McGill University, Montreal A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 Contents 1. Abstract/Resume 3 2. Note on Transliteration and Spelling of Names 6 3. Acknowledgments 7 4. Introduction 8 How "popular" nationalism was created 5. Chapter One 33 Peasants and intellectuals, 1830-1914 6. Chapter Two 78 The invention of the modern Balkan state: Serbia and Bulgaria, 1830-1914 7. Chapter Three 126 The Church and national indoctrination 8. Chapter Four 171 The national army 8. Chapter Five 219 Education and national indoctrination 9. Conclusions 264 10. Bibliography 273 Abstract The nation-state is now the dominant form of sovereign statehood, however, a century and a half ago the political map of Europe comprised only a handful of sovereign states, very few of them nations in the modern sense. Balkan historiography often tends to minimize the complexity of nation-building, either by referring to the national community as to a monolithic and homogenous unit, or simply by neglecting different social groups whose consciousness varied depending on region, gender and generation. Further, Bulgarian and Serbian historiography pay far more attention to the problem of "how" and "why" certain events have happened than to the emergence of national consciousness of the Balkan peoples as a complex and durable process of mental evolution. This dissertation on the concept of nationality in which most Bulgarians and Serbs were educated and socialized examines how the modern idea of nationhood was disseminated among the ordinary people and it presents the complicated process of national indoctrination carried out by various state institutions. -
During the Second World War
DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR _______________StK______________ SK MARSHALL LEE MILLER Stanford University Press STANFORD, CALIFORNIA I 975 Stanford University Press Stanford, California © 1975 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University Printed in the United States of America is b n 0-8047-0870-3 LC 74-82778 To my grandparents Lee and Edith Rankin and Evelyn Miller Preface SOS h e p o l it ic a l history of modern Bulgaria has been greatly ne T glected by Western scholars, and the important period of the Second World War has hardly been studied at all. The main reason for this has no doubt been the difficulty of obtaining documentary material on the wartime period. Although the Communist regime of Bulgaria has published a large number of books and monographs dealing with the country’s role in the war, these works have been concerned mostly with magnifying the importance of the Bulgarian Communist Party (BKP) and the partisan struggle. Despite this bias, useful information can be found in these works when other sources are available to provide perspective and verification. Within recent years, German, American, British, and other diplo matic and intelligence reports from the wartime years have become available, and the easing of travel restrictions in Bulgaria has facili tated research there. As recently as 1958, when the doctoral thesis of Marin V. Pundeff was presented (“Bulgaria’s Place in Axis Policy, 1936-1944”), there was very little material on the period after June 1941. It is now possible to fill in many of the important gaps in our knowledge of Bulgaria during the entire war. -
Ludzieimiejsca
LESZEK MROZEWICZ, CONDITOR URBIUM L U D Z I E I M I E J S C A STUDIA EUROPAEA GNESNENSIA 18/2018 ISSN 2082-5951 DOI 10.14746/seg.2018.18.11 Leszek Mrozewicz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4670-1959 (Gniezno) CONDITOR URBIUM TRAJANS URBANISIERUNGSPOLITIK IN DEN DONAUPROVINZEN Abstract The victory in the war with Dacians set off a number of major administrative and administrative reforms conducted by Trajan in the Danubian provinces. Some of the vital elements of the reforms included veteran settlement and establishment of numer- ous towns – coloniae and municipia. As many as eighteen were thus established in the region during Trajan’s reign. Key words Trajan, cities, municipia, coloniae, veterans, Rhine, Danube, provinces, urban development 179 STUDIA EUROPAEA GNESNENSIA 18/2018 · LUDZIE I MIEJSCA Es unterliegt wohl keinem Zweifel, dass Trajan zu jenen Kaisern des Imperium Romanum gehört, denen äußerst große Urbanisierungsaktivität zuzuschreiben ist1. Unter dem Termin „Urbanisierungsaktivität” muss man sowohl die Gründung neuer Städte als auch die Erhöhung der bereits bestehenden autochthonen Siedlungen zum Rang einer Stadt verstehen. Trajans Urbanisierungsaktivität oder seine Sorge um Provinzen – wenn man es weit angelegt betrachtet – lässt das Bild eines vollkommenen Herrschers (optimus princeps) entstehen2. Sie wurde zur Antithese seiner fortitudo, zur Ergänzung seiner kaiserlichen civilitas3. Szenen, die auf Münzen4 und Medaillons5 geprägt sind, stellen den Kaiser als Priester dar, der eine weiße Kuh und einen weißen Ochsen im Pfluggespann leitet – er trägt eine weiße Toga nach cinctus Gabinius Art und zieht eine Furche (primigenius sulcus)6, die die Reichweite der künftigen Stadt-Kolonie absteckt (Abb. 1, 2). -
S Jews in World War II
The Rescue of Bulgaria's Jews in World War II ON FEBRUARY 13, 1998, Bulgarian President Petar Stoyanov accepted on behalf of his ex-Communist nation the Courage to Care Award, which the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) had bestowed upon Bulgaria in recognition of the heroism of its people in saving Bulgarian Jews during World War II. Speaking at a meeting of the League's National Executive Committee in Palm Beach, Florida, the ADL National Director Abraham Foxman presented this prestigious award to President Stoyanov with words of deep gratitude: "Today I am here to say thank you — thank you to a people and a nation that unanimously said 'no' to the Nazi killing machine, 'no' to the deportation trains and concentration camps, and 'yes' to its 48,000 Jews."[1] He praised the Bulgarian people who heroically saved the local Jews by preventing their deportation to Hitler's death camps, even though the Bulgarian government was allied with Nazi Germany during World War II. According to Mr. Foxman, this miraculous salvation of Bulgaria's Jewish community was made possible by the courageous leadership of Bulgarian King Boris III, "whose personal defiance of Hitler and refusal to supply troops to the Russian front or to cooperate with deportation requests set an example for his country."[2] Thanking his host for this high honor, President Stoyanov replied with some modesty, "What happened then should not be seen as a miracle. My nation did what any decent nation, human being, man or woman, would have done in those circumstances…. The events of World War II have made the Bulgarian Jews forever the closest friends of my people."[3] On March 11, 2003, Bulgaria's international image got an even bigger boost, when the U.S. -
The Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization and the Idea for Autonomy for Macedonia and Adrianople Thrace
The Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization and the Idea for Autonomy for Macedonia and Adrianople Thrace, 1893-1912 By Martin Valkov Submitted to Central European University Department of History In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Prof. Tolga Esmer Second Reader: Prof. Roumen Daskalov CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2010 “Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author.” CEU eTD Collection ii Abstract The current thesis narrates an important episode of the history of South Eastern Europe, namely the history of the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization and its demand for political autonomy within the Ottoman Empire. Far from being “ancient hatreds” the communal conflicts that emerged in Macedonia in this period were a result of the ongoing processes of nationalization among the different communities and the competing visions of their national projects. These conflicts were greatly influenced by inter-imperial rivalries on the Balkans and the combination of increasing interference of the Great European Powers and small Balkan states of the Ottoman domestic affairs. I argue that autonomy was a multidimensional concept covering various meanings white-washed later on into the clean narratives of nationalism and rebirth. -
Heavy Miliarense of Aelia Eudocia from Nicopolis Ad Nestum
Revista Numismática HÉCATE Nº 5 PEEVSKY, R. T. New Heavy Miliarense of Aelia Eudocia from Nicopolis ad Nestum NEW SILVER LATE ROMAN COIN: HEAVY MILIARENSE OF AELIA EUDOCIA FROM NICOPOLIS AD NESTUM Rossen Tonev PEEVSKY* Fecha de recepción: 05/09/2018 Fecha de aceptación: 12/10/2018 Resumen Estudio de una nueva miliarense emitida por Aelia Eudocia con motivo de la celebración por el casamiento de su hija Licinia con Valentiniano III. La moneda fue hallada en Nicopolis ad Nestum, ciudad romana en ruinas de la provincia de Tracia, cerca del moderno pueblo de Garmen, en la margen izquierda del río Mesta, en Bulgaria. El objetivo particular de dicha rara emisión fue promover la imagen de la emperatriz-madre en las provincias occidentales. Esto fue determinante para preferir las monedas grandes y pesadas de plata. PALABRAS CLAVE: Abstract I study a new heavy miliarense issued by Aelia Eudocia in celebration of the wedding of her daughter Licinia with Valentinian III. The coin was found in Nicopolis ad Nestum, a ruined Roman town of the province of Thracia (Thrace), near to the modern village of Garmen on the left bank of the Mesta river, in Bulgaria. The particular aim was to promote the image of the empress-mother in the western provinces. This determined the preference of large and heavy silver coins. KEYWORDS: Aelia Eudocia, Heavy Miliarense, Unpublished, Monetary Policy mong the finds discovered during regular archaeological excavations of the Roman and Medieval town of Nicopolis ad Nestum in 2013, there is a rare coin. A It belongs to Augusta Aelia Eudocia (423-460 AD), wife of emperor Theodosius II (408-450 AD).