The People of the NT 2011 Census
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Many Voices Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Languages Action Plan
Yetimarala Yidinji Yi rawarka lba Yima Yawa n Yir bina ach Wik-Keyangan Wik- Yiron Yam Wik Pa Me'nh W t ga pom inda rnn k Om rungu Wik Adinda Wik Elk Win ala r Wi ay Wa en Wik da ji Y har rrgam Epa Wir an at Wa angkumara Wapabura Wik i W al Ng arra W Iya ulg Y ik nam nh ar nu W a Wa haayorre Thaynakwit Wi uk ke arr thiggi T h Tjung k M ab ay luw eppa und un a h Wa g T N ji To g W ak a lan tta dornd rre ka ul Y kk ibe ta Pi orin s S n i W u a Tar Pit anh Mu Nga tra W u g W riya n Mpalitj lgu Moon dja it ik li in ka Pir ondja djan n N Cre N W al ak nd Mo Mpa un ol ga u g W ga iyan andandanji Margany M litja uk e T th th Ya u an M lgu M ayi-K nh ul ur a a ig yk ka nda ulan M N ru n th dj O ha Ma Kunjen Kutha M ul ya b i a gi it rra haypan nt Kuu ayi gu w u W y i M ba ku-T k Tha -Ku M ay l U a wa d an Ku ayo tu ul g m j a oo M angan rre na ur i O p ad y k u a-Dy K M id y i l N ita m Kuk uu a ji k la W u M a nh Kaantju K ku yi M an U yi k i M i a abi K Y -Th u g r n u in al Y abi a u a n a a a n g w gu Kal K k g n d a u in a Ku owair Jirandali aw u u ka d h N M ai a a Jar K u rt n P i W n r r ngg aw n i M i a i M ca i Ja aw gk M rr j M g h da a a u iy d ia n n Ya r yi n a a m u ga Ja K i L -Y u g a b N ra l Girramay G al a a n P N ri a u ga iaba ithab a m l j it e g Ja iri G al w i a t in M i ay Giy L a M li a r M u j G a a la a P o K d ar Go g m M h n ng e a y it d m n ka m np w a i- u t n u i u u u Y ra a r r r l Y L a o iw m I a a G a a p l u i G ull u r a d e a a tch b K d i g b M g w u b a M N n rr y B thim Ayabadhu i l il M M u i a a -
Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A
Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates. -
Anastasia Bauer the Use of Signing Space in a Shared Signing Language of Australia Sign Language Typology 5
Anastasia Bauer The Use of Signing Space in a Shared Signing Language of Australia Sign Language Typology 5 Editors Marie Coppola Onno Crasborn Ulrike Zeshan Editorial board Sam Lutalo-Kiingi Irit Meir Ronice Müller de Quadros Roland Pfau Adam Schembri Gladys Tang Erin Wilkinson Jun Hui Yang De Gruyter Mouton · Ishara Press The Use of Signing Space in a Shared Sign Language of Australia by Anastasia Bauer De Gruyter Mouton · Ishara Press ISBN 978-1-61451-733-7 e-ISBN 978-1-61451-547-0 ISSN 2192-5186 e-ISSN 2192-5194 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. ” 2014 Walter de Gruyter, Inc., Boston/Berlin and Ishara Press, Lancaster, United Kingdom Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck Țȍ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Acknowledgements This book is the revised and edited version of my doctoral dissertation that I defended at the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Cologne, Germany in January 2013. It is the result of many experiences I have encoun- tered from dozens of remarkable individuals who I wish to acknowledge. First of all, this study would have been simply impossible without its partici- pants. The data that form the basis of this book I owe entirely to my Yolngu family who taught me with patience and care about this wonderful Yolngu language. -
Aboriginal and Indigenous Languages; a Language Other Than English for All; and Equitable and Widespread Language Services
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 355 819 FL 021 087 AUTHOR Lo Bianco, Joseph TITLE The National Policy on Languages, December 1987-March 1990. Report to the Minister for Employment, Education and Training. INSTITUTION Australian Advisory Council on Languages and Multicultural Education, Canberra. PUB DATE May 90 NOTE 152p. PUB TYPE Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Advisory Committees; Agency Role; *Educational Policy; English (Second Language); Foreign Countries; *Indigenous Populations; *Language Role; *National Programs; Program Evaluation; Program Implementation; *Public Policy; *Second Languages IDENTIFIERS *Australia ABSTRACT The report proviCes a detailed overview of implementation of the first stage of Australia's National Policy on Languages (NPL), evaluates the effectiveness of NPL programs, presents a case for NPL extension to a second term, and identifies directions and priorities for NPL program activity until the end of 1994-95. It is argued that the NPL is an essential element in the Australian government's commitment to economic growth, social justice, quality of life, and a constructive international role. Four principles frame the policy: English for all residents; support for Aboriginal and indigenous languages; a language other than English for all; and equitable and widespread language services. The report presents background information on development of the NPL, describes component programs, outlines the role of the Australian Advisory Council on Languages and Multicultural Education (AACLAME) in this and other areas of effort, reviews and evaluates NPL programs, and discusses directions and priorities for the future, including recommendations for development in each of the four principle areas. Additional notes on funding and activities of component programs and AACLAME and responses by state and commonwealth agencies with an interest in language policy issues to the report's recommendations are appended. -
The Be (Video)
CRACKERJACK EDUCATION — TEACHING WITH AUNTY Year 6 Knowledge area: Dreaming TEACHING NOTES The Be (Video) Text type: narrative, spoken, online, multimodal VISUAL STIMULUS FOCUS The Be is one of twelve ancient Dreaming stories, each story uniquely interpreted by contemporary animators, musicians, artists, writers and actors. It explores kinship and identification with a community through language, song and dance. PRIOR TO VIEWING Introduce the video The Be to students. Start the video on the website. To engage your students, pause the animation after the first 10 seconds to show the initial first frame of the story and ask the students to identify the landscape or setting. (Answer: It is set in the desert. Ask the students how they know it is the desert.) Ask the students to think about what clues the first frame of the animation gives about the type of story it is. Ask the students to predict who or what they think ‘The Be’ might be. Background • The Be is an animated Dreaming story • At the time of European colonisation there and is part of the Dust Echoes video series were hundreds of different traditional Aboriginal produced by the ABC. The story explores languages and several geographically defined kinship and identification with a community. Torres Strait Islander languages spoken in It includes full narration to assist teachers Australia.1 with enunciation of language words and • Historically, clan groups could speak not only songs, and introduces Aboriginal language to their own language but also the language students. belonging to their neighbours. This was very • The Be is a Yirritja (Year-rit-cha) story told in important when trade and travel occurred Dalabon (Dal-a-bon) language from Central across traditional language boundaries.2 Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory. -
Borrowing, Sound Change and Reduplication in Iwaidja
Doubled up all over again: borrowing, sound change and reduplication in Iwaidja Nicholas Evans Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies Australian National University [email protected] Abstract This article examines the interactions between reduplication, sound change, and borrowing, as played out in the Iwaidja language of Cobourg Peninsula, Arnhem Land, in Northern Australia, a non-Pama-Nyungan language of the Iwaidjan family. While Iwaidja traditionally makes use of (various types of) right-reduplication, contact with two other left-reduplicating languages – one Australian (Bininj Gun-wok) and one Austronesian (Makassarese) – has led to the introduction of several (non-productive) left-reduplicating patterns. At the same time as these new patterns have been entering the language, the cumulative effect of sweeping sound changes within Iwaidja has complicated the transparency of reduplicative outputs. This has left the language with an extremely varied and complicated set of reduplication types, for some of which the analysis is no longer synchronically recoverable by children. Keywords: Australian languages, Iwaidja, language contact, directionality, Makassarese, reanalysis 1. Introduction Despite growing interest in language contact on the one hand, and reduplication on the other, there has been little research to date on how diachrony and language contact impact upon reduplicative patterns. 1 In this article I examine precisely this theme, as played out in the Iwaidja language of Cobourg Peninsula, Arnhem Land, in Northern Australia, a non-Pama-Nyungan language of the Iwaidjan family spoken by around 150 people now mostly living on and around Croker Island in the Northern Territory (see Evans 2000 for a survey of this family). -
The Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children: an Australian Government Initiative
The Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children: An Australian Government Initiative Parent 2 – Wave 2 2009 Mark up Questionnaire This questionnaire is to be completed by a Parent/ Parent Living Elsewhere/ Secondary Care Giver (P2) of the Footprints in Time study child named below. The parent or carer has given written consent to take part in Footprints in Time, a longitudinal study being run by the Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs (FaHCSIA) on behalf of the Australian Government. P1’s name: ________________________________________________ P2’s name: ________________________________________________ Study child’s name: ________________________________________ Study child’s ID number: respid Has P2 completed a consent form and been given a copy for their records? Yes – please fill in the questionnaire on the CAPI console or on paper No – please ask P2 to complete a consent form All information collected will be kept strictly confidential (except where it is required to be reported by law and/or there is a risk of harm to yourself or others). To ensure that your privacy is maintained, only combined results from the study as a whole will be discussed and published. No individual information will be released to any person or department except at your written request and on your authorisation. Participation in this study is voluntary. If P2 has any questions or wants more information, please ask them to contact the FaHCSIA Footprints in Time Team on 1800 106 235, or they can look at our website at www.fahcsia.gov.au RAO’s name: ____________________________________________________ RAO’s contact details: ____________________________________________ Date entered on Confirmit______________________ R05065 – Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children – Parent 2 Survey – Wave 2, February 2009 – R3.0 1 Table of contents Module 0: Returning ................................................................................................................. -
The Brutal Truth: What Happened in the Gulf Country
______________________________________________________________________________________________________ THE BRUTAL TRUTH What happened in the gulf country BY TONY ROBERTS Sir John Downer, who twice served as premier of South Australia (1885-1887 and 1892-93). © National Library of Australia NOVEMBER 2009 In the last six months, my curiosity about the extent to which governments in Adelaide condoned or turned a blind eye to frontier massacres in the Gulf Country of the Northern Territory, up until 1910, has led me to fresh evidence that has shocked me. It has unsettled the world I thought I knew. I was born in Adelaide, a fourth-generation South Australian, and have resided there for much of my life. The city’s cathedrals and fine old buildings are very familiar to me. When I was young, I heard or read in newspapers the names of the old and powerful families, but took little notice. Even now, I feel uneasy revealing all that I have uncovered. In 1881, a massive pastoral boom commenced in the top half of the Northern Territory, administered by the colonial government in Adelaide.1 Elsey Station on the Roper River – romanticised in Jeannie Gunn’s We of the Never Never – was the first to be established. 2 These were huge stations, with an average size of almost 16,000 square kilometres. By the end of the year the entire Gulf district (an area the size of Victoria, which accounted for a quarter of the Territory’s pastoral country) had been leased to just 14 landholders, all but two of whom were wealthy businessmen and investors from the eastern colonies.2 Once they had taken up their lease, landholders had only three years to comply with a minimum stocking rate. -
Linguistic Typology 2017; 21(1): 143–176
Linguistic Typology 2017; 21(1): 143–176 Felicity Meakins* and Rachel Nordlinger Possessor dissension: Agreement mismatch in Ngumpin-Yapa possessive constructions DOI 10.1515/lingty-2017-0004 Received November 18, 2015; revised May 3, 2016 Abstract: In this article we describe a possessive construction in the Ngumpin- Yapa languages of Australia which has interesting implications for crosslinguis- tic models of agreement. In this “possessor dissension” construction, the pos- sessor NP remains a modifier within the larger possessive NP, yet both the possessor and the possessum are cross-referenced with clause-level agreement morphology. Thus, there is a type of morphosyntactic disagreement (or dissen- sion) between the syntactic position of the possessor as an NP-internal argument and its being agreed with at the clausal level as if it were a clausal argument. This phenomenon has had only limited mention in the typological literature, and has not previously been discussed for Australian languages. We discuss the properties of the construction, how it can be distinguished from other related construction types, and its implications for the typology of agreement. Keywords: agreement, alienable vs. inalienable possession, argument vs. adjunct, Australian, benefactive/malefactive, cross-reference, external possessor, morphol- ogy, Ngumpin-Yapa languages, possession, syntax 1 Introduction In this article we discuss a particular possessive construction found in Bilinarra, Gurindji, and other Ngumpin-Yapa languages of northern Australia, which we will refer to as “possessor dissension”.1 In this possessive 1 The term “possessor dissension” (cf. descent/dissent) is meant as a play on the term “possessor ascension” and reflects the dissonance in agreement insofar as the possessor is syntactically a modifier within the NP but is agreed with by the verb as if it were a clausal argument. -
Developing a Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages
Vol. 8 (2014), pp. 345-360 http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc http://hdl.handle.net/10125/24612 Developing a Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages Catherine Bow, Michael Christie, Brian Devlin Charles Darwin University The fluctuating fortunes of Northern Territory bilingual education programs in Aus- tralian languages and English have put at risk thousands of books developed for these programs in remote schools. In an effort to preserve such a rich cultural and linguistic heritage, the Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages project is establishing an open access, online repository comprising digital versions of these materials. Using web technologies to store and access the resources makes them accessible to the commu- nities of origin, the wider academic community, and the general public. The process of creating, populating, and implementing such an archive has posed many interesting technical, cultural and linguistic challenges, some of which are explored in this paper. 1. INTRODUCTION. During the era of bilingual education in the Northern Territory (1973 – 2000s), many books were produced at school-based Literature Production Centres in more than 25 languages. These materials, which are both widely dispersed and endan- gered, contain interesting and significant stories in Indigenous Australian languages, many with beautiful illustrations. As a result of policy and other changes, many of the materi- als produced for these programs are no longer in use, and in many places have been lost, damaged or, occasionally, deliberately destroyed. The goal of the Living Archive of Abo- riginal Languages project1 is to create a digital repository of this endangered literature and, with permission from the language authorities (usually original authors and illustrators or their descendants), to make the materials available to community members, researchers, and other interested parties through a searchable, online repository. -
Noun Phrase Constituency in Australian Languages: a Typological Study
Linguistic Typology 2016; 20(1): 25–80 Dana Louagie and Jean-Christophe Verstraete Noun phrase constituency in Australian languages: A typological study DOI 10.1515/lingty-2016-0002 Received July 14, 2015; revised December 17, 2015 Abstract: This article examines whether Australian languages generally lack clear noun phrase structures, as has sometimes been argued in the literature. We break up the notion of NP constituency into a set of concrete typological parameters, and analyse these across a sample of 100 languages, representing a significant portion of diversity on the Australian continent. We show that there is little evidence to support general ideas about the absence of NP structures, and we argue that it makes more sense to typologize languages on the basis of where and how they allow “classic” NP construal, and how this fits into the broader range of construals in the nominal domain. Keywords: Australian languages, constituency, discontinuous constituents, non- configurationality, noun phrase, phrase-marking, phrasehood, syntax, word- marking, word order 1 Introduction It has often been argued that Australian languages show unusual syntactic flexibility in the nominal domain, and may even lack clear noun phrase struc- tures altogether – e. g., in Blake (1983), Heath (1986), Harvey (2001: 112), Evans (2003a: 227–233), Campbell (2006: 57); see also McGregor (1997: 84), Cutfield (2011: 46–50), Nordlinger (2014: 237–241) for overviews and more general dis- cussion of claims to this effect. This idea is based mainly on features -
How Warumungu People Express New Concepts Jane Simpson Tennant
How Warumungu people express new concepts Jane Simpson Tennant Creek 16/10/85 [This paper appeared in a lamentedly defunct journal: Simpson, Jane. 1985. How Warumungu people express new concepts. Language in Central Australia 4:12-25.] I. Introduction Warumungu is a language spoken around Tennant Creek (1). It is spoken at Rockhampton Downs and Alroy Downs in the east, as far north as Elliott, and as far south as Ali Curung. Neighbouring languages include Alyawarra, Kaytej, Jingili, Mudbura, Wakaya, Wampaya, Warlmanpa and Warlpiri. In the past, many of these groups met together for ceremonies and trade. There were also marriages between people of different language groups. People were promised to 'close family' from close countries. Many children would grow up with parents who could speak different languages. This still happens, and therefore many people are multi-lingual - they speak several languages. This often results in multi-lingual conversation. Sometimes one person will carry on their side of the conversation in Warumungu, while the other person talks only in Warlmanpa. Other times a person will use English, Warumungu, Alyawarra, Warlmanpa, and Warlpiri in a conversation, especially if different people take part in it. The close contact between speakers of different languages shows in shared words. For example, many words for family-terms are shared by different languages. As Valda Napururla Shannon points out, Eastern Warlpiri ("wakirti" Warlpiri (1)) shares words with its neighbours, Warumungu and Warlmanpa, while Western Warlpiri shares words with its neighbours. Pintupi, Gurindji, Anmatyerre etc. In Eastern Warlpiri, Warlmanpa and Warumungu the word "kangkuya" is used for 'father's father' (or 'father's father's brother' or 'father's father's sister').