Literature Review 2.1
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Appendix Color Plates of Solanales Species
Appendix Color Plates of Solanales Species The first half of the color plates (Plates 1–8) shows a selection of phytochemically prominent solanaceous species, the second half (Plates 9–16) a selection of convol- vulaceous counterparts. The scientific name of the species in bold (for authorities see text and tables) may be followed (in brackets) by a frequently used though invalid synonym and/or a common name if existent. The next information refers to the habitus, origin/natural distribution, and – if applicable – cultivation. If more than one photograph is shown for a certain species there will be explanations for each of them. Finally, section numbers of the phytochemical Chapters 3–8 are given, where the respective species are discussed. The individually combined occurrence of sec- ondary metabolites from different structural classes characterizes every species. However, it has to be remembered that a small number of citations does not neces- sarily indicate a poorer secondary metabolism in a respective species compared with others; this may just be due to less studies being carried out. Solanaceae Plate 1a Anthocercis littorea (yellow tailflower): erect or rarely sprawling shrub (to 3 m); W- and SW-Australia; Sects. 3.1 / 3.4 Plate 1b, c Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade): erect herbaceous perennial plant (to 1.5 m); Europe to central Asia (naturalized: N-USA; cultivated as a medicinal plant); b fruiting twig; c flowers, unripe (green) and ripe (black) berries; Sects. 3.1 / 3.3.2 / 3.4 / 3.5 / 6.5.2 / 7.5.1 / 7.7.2 / 7.7.4.3 Plate 1d Brugmansia versicolor (angel’s trumpet): shrub or small tree (to 5 m); tropical parts of Ecuador west of the Andes (cultivated as an ornamental in tropical and subtropical regions); Sect. -
Solanum Seaforthianum
Factsheet - Solanum seaforthianum http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/03030800-0b07-... Brazilian nightshade Click on images to enlarge Solanum seaforthianum Scientific Name Solanum seaforthianum Andrews Common Names blue potato vine, Brazilian night-shade, Brazilian nightshade, climbing nightshade, Italian jasmine, infestation (Photo: Sheldon Navie) potato creeper, St. Vincent lilac, St. Vincent's lilac, star potato vine, vining solanum Family Solanaceae Origin This species is believed to be native to Mexico, Central America (i.e. Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama), the Caribbean (i.e. Trinidad and Tobago), south-eastern USA (i.e. Florida) and tropical South America (i.e. Venezuela and Colombia). infestation (Photo: Sheldon Navie) Naturalised Distribution Widely naturalised in the coastal districts of eastern Australia (i.e. in eastern Queensland and eastern New South Wales). Also naturalised in the coastal districts of northern Western Australia and sparingly naturalised in South Australia. Widely naturalised overseas, including in tropical and southern Africa, eastern Asia and on some Pacific islands (e.g. Hawaii and New Caledonia). Cultivation Originally introduced as a garden ornamental, it scrambling habit (Photo: Sheldon Navie) may occasionally still be seen in cultivation. Habitat A common weed of untended areas with fertile soils. It is a weed of closed forests, forest margins, urban bushland, waterways (i.e. riparian areas), crops, roadsides, disturbed sites and waste areas. Distinguishing Features a long-lived scrambling or climbing vine. its alternately arranged leaves have deeply-lobed margins. 1 of 5 1/07/15 2:17 PM Factsheet - Solanum seaforthianum http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/03030800-0b07-... its mauve or purple star-shaped flowers (2-3 cm climbing habit (Photo: Sheldon Navie) across) are borne in drooping clusters. -
Name Group Description Biennial Biennial These Are
Name Group Description Price Pot Size Nursery Biennial Biennial These are short lived plants that overwinter and flower in their 2.95 9cm SEND second or third year, and should then self seed around the garden in a suitable location..normally several plants per pot for 'pricking out'. Cacti/Succulents Cacti/Succulents We have a collection of varieties in small quantities. For hardy 8.95 1ltr SEND sedums and semperviviums , see 'Rock Plants' , Overwinter in dry frost free shed or greenhouse. House Plants Tender Plants SEND This section includes many half hardy plants for the house, conservervatory , or sheltered position outside in mild areas. We grow these in Kent, but can supply them in Staffs to order. We try and grow many of the old favorites that can now be hard to find. See Annual/biennial for 'patio plants' and 'cacti and succulents' section. Rock Plants Rock Plants Low growing perennials and dwarf shrubs, suited to the front of SEND borders, shady corners etc, where they will not get smothered or hidden by larger perennials and shrubs. Water Plants Water Plants A range of plants that require to grow in wet soil or shallow SEND water. Other moisture loving plants are listed under perennials , ferns and grasses. ABELIA Chinensis Shrub A small shrub with fragrant white rose tinted fls July - Aug 8.95 3 lt MMuc ABELIA gr. "Edward Goucher" Shrub Small semi-evergreen shrub, lilac pink flowers in late 8.95 3lt SEND summer.PF ABELIA Grandiflora (white) Shrub syn 'Lake Maggiore' AGM Evergreen shrub with white flws. 8.95 3lt SEND Likes shelter from winter wind,sun or pt shade Fls. -
Checklist of the Vascular Alien Flora of Catalonia (Northeastern Iberian Peninsula, Spain) Pere Aymerich1 & Llorenç Sáez2,3
BOTANICAL CHECKLISTS Mediterranean Botany ISSNe 2603-9109 https://dx.doi.org/10.5209/mbot.63608 Checklist of the vascular alien flora of Catalonia (northeastern Iberian Peninsula, Spain) Pere Aymerich1 & Llorenç Sáez2,3 Received: 7 March 2019 / Accepted: 28 June 2019 / Published online: 7 November 2019 Abstract. This is an inventory of the vascular alien flora of Catalonia (northeastern Iberian Peninsula, Spain) updated to 2018, representing 1068 alien taxa in total. 554 (52.0%) out of them are casual and 514 (48.0%) are established. 87 taxa (8.1% of the total number and 16.8 % of those established) show an invasive behaviour. The geographic zone with more alien plants is the most anthropogenic maritime area. However, the differences among regions decrease when the degree of naturalization of taxa increases and the number of invaders is very similar in all sectors. Only 26.2% of the taxa are more or less abundant, while the rest are rare or they have vanished. The alien flora is represented by 115 families, 87 out of them include naturalised species. The most diverse genera are Opuntia (20 taxa), Amaranthus (18 taxa) and Solanum (15 taxa). Most of the alien plants have been introduced since the beginning of the twentieth century (70.7%), with a strong increase since 1970 (50.3% of the total number). Almost two thirds of alien taxa have their origin in Euro-Mediterranean area and America, while 24.6% come from other geographical areas. The taxa originated in cultivation represent 9.5%, whereas spontaneous hybrids only 1.2%. From the temporal point of view, the rate of Euro-Mediterranean taxa shows a progressive reduction parallel to an increase of those of other origins, which have reached 73.2% of introductions during the last 50 years. -
Data Sheet on Chrysanthemum Stunt Viroid
Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the EU under Contract 90/399003 Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests Chrysanthemum stunt viroid IDENTITY Name: Chrysanthemum stunt viroid Synonyms: Chrysanthemum stunt mottle virus (in part) Taxonomic position: Viroids Common names: CSVd (acronym) Stunt or measles of chrysanthemum (English) Rabougrissement du chrysanthème (French) Stauche der Chrysanthemen (German) EPPO computer code: CHSXXX EPPO A2 list: No. 92 EU Annex designation: II/A2 HOSTS The main hosts of CSVd are florists' chrysanthemums (Dendranthema morifolium) and related ornamentals including Chrysanthemum prealtum, D. indicum and Tanacetum parthenium. Susceptibility varies between cultivars, but generally all-the-year-round cultivars are more susceptible. Many other Asteraceae can be infected experimentally, such as: Achillea spp., Ambrosia trifida, Anthemis tinctoria, Centaurea cyanus, other Chrysanthemum spp., Dahlia pinnata, Echinacea purpurea, Emilia javanica, Gynura aurantiaca, Heliopsis pitcheriana, Liatris pycnostachya, Senecio spp., Tanacetum spp., Venidium fastuosum and Zinnia elegans. Of 39 species and cultivars found to be susceptible, only seven developed discernible symptoms. For more information, see Brierley (1953). See also the section on Biology for remarks on the host range of related viroids. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION EPPO region: Austria (found but not established), Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary (unconfirmed), Italy (including Sicily), Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, UK. Asia: China (Jiangsu), India (Assam, Uttar Pradesh), Japan. Africa: South Africa. North America: Canada (Alberta, Nova Scotia, Ontario), USA (Kansas, Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania). South America: Brazil (São Paulo). Oceania: Australia (South Australia), New Zealand. EU: Present. 2 Chrysanthemum stunt viroid BIOLOGY Initially, the lack of a suitable assay host was a major limitation in determining the nature of the causal agent. -
Chorological Notes on the Non-Native Flora of the Province of Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain)
Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d’Història Natural, 83: 133-146. 2019 ISSN 2013-3987 (online edition): ISSN: 1133-6889 (print edition)133 GEA, FLORA ET fauna GEA, FLORA ET FAUNA Chorological notes on the non-native flora of the province of Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain) Filip Verloove*, Pere Aymerich**, Carlos Gómez-Bellver*** & Jordi López-Pujol**** * Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, B-1860 Meise, Belgium. ** C/ Barcelona 29, 08600 Berga, Barcelona, Spain. *** Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals. Secció Botànica i Micologia. Facultat de Biologia. Universitat de Barcelona. Avda. Diagonal, 643. 08028 Barcelona, Spain. **** Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB). Passeig del Migdia. 08038 Barcelona, Spain. Author for correspondence: F. Verloove. A/e: [email protected] Rebut: 10.07.2019; Acceptat: 16.07.2019; Publicat: 30.09.2019 Abstract Recent field work in the province of Tarragona (NE Spain, Catalonia) yielded several new records of non-native vascular plants. Cenchrus orientalis, Manihot grahamii, Melica chilensis and Panicum capillare subsp. hillmanii are probably reported for the first time from Spain, while Aloe ferox, Canna ×generalis, Cenchrus setaceus, Convolvulus farinosus, Ficus rubiginosa, Jarava plumosa, Koelreu- teria paniculata, Lycianthes rantonnetii, Nassella tenuissima, Paraserianthes lophantha, Plumbago auriculata, Podranea ricasoliana, Proboscidea louisianica, Sedum palmeri, Solanum bonariense, Tipuana tipu, Tradescantia pallida and Vitis ×ruggerii are reported for the first time from the province of Tarragona. Several of these are potential or genuine invasive species and/or agricultural weeds. Miscellane- ous additional records are presented for some further alien taxa with only few earlier records in the study area. Key words: Alien plants, Catalonia, chorology, Spain, Tarragona, vascular plants. -
Species Accounts
Species accounts The list of species that follows is a synthesis of all the botanical knowledge currently available on the Nyika Plateau flora. It does not claim to be the final word in taxonomic opinion for every plant group, but will provide a sound basis for future work by botanists, phytogeographers, and reserve managers. It should also serve as a comprehensive plant guide for interested visitors to the two Nyika National Parks. By far the largest body of information was obtained from the following nine publications: • Flora zambesiaca (current ed. G. Pope, 1960 to present) • Flora of Tropical East Africa (current ed. H. Beentje, 1952 to present) • Plants collected by the Vernay Nyasaland Expedition of 1946 (Brenan & collaborators 1953, 1954) • Wye College 1972 Malawi Project Final Report (Brummitt 1973) • Resource inventory and management plan for the Nyika National Park (Mill 1979) • The forest vegetation of the Nyika Plateau: ecological and phenological studies (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985) • Biosearch Nyika Expedition 1997 report (Patel 1999) • Biosearch Nyika Expedition 2001 report (Patel & Overton 2002) • Evergreen forest flora of Malawi (White, Dowsett-Lemaire & Chapman 2001) We also consulted numerous papers dealing with specific families or genera and, finally, included the collections made during the SABONET Nyika Expedition. In addition, botanists from K and PRE provided valuable input in particular plant groups. Much of the descriptive material is taken directly from one or more of the works listed above, including information regarding habitat and distribution. A single illustration accompanies each genus; two illustrations are sometimes included in large genera with a wide morphological variance (for example, Lobelia). -
Un-Priced 2021 Catalog in PDF Format
c toll free: 800.438.7199 fax: 805.964.1329 local: 805.683.1561 text: 805.243.2611 acebook.com/SanMarcosGrowers email: [email protected] Our world certainly has changed since we celebrated 40 years in business with our October 2019 Field Day. Who knew then that we were only months away from a global pandemic that would disrupt everything we thought of as normal, and that the ensuing shutdown would cause such increased interest in gardening? This past year has been a rollercoaster ride for all of us in the nursery and landscape trades. The demand for plants so exceeded the supply that it caused major plant availability shortages, and then the freeze in Texas further exacerbated this situation. To ensure that our customers came first, we did not sell any plants out-of-state, and we continue to work hard to refill the empty spaces left in our field. In the chaos of the situation, we also decided not to produce a 2020 catalog, and this current catalog is coming out so late that we intend it to be a two-year edition. Some items listed may not be available until early next year, so we encourage customers to look to our website Primelist which is updated weekly to view our current availability. As in the past, we continue to grow the many tried-and-true favorite plants that have proven themselves in our warming mediterranean climate. We have also added 245 exciting new plants that are listed in the back of this catalog. With sincere appreciation to all our customers, it is our hope that 2021 and 2022 will be excellent years for horticulture! In House Sales Outside Sales Shipping Ethan Visconti - Ext 129 Matthew Roberts Michael Craib Gene Leisch - Ext 128 Sales Manager Sales Representative Sales Representative Shipping Manager - Vice President [email protected] (805) 452-7003 (805) 451-0876 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Roger Barron- Ext 126 Jose Bedolla Sales/ Customer Service Serving nurseries in: Serving nurseries in: John Dudley, Jr. -
How Does Genome Size Affect the Evolution of Pollen Tube Growth Rate, a Haploid Performance Trait?
Manuscript bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/462663; this version postedClick April here18, 2019. to The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv aaccess/download;Manuscript;PTGR.genome.evolution.15April20 license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Effects of genome size on pollen performance 2 3 4 5 How does genome size affect the evolution of pollen tube growth rate, a haploid 6 performance trait? 7 8 9 10 11 John B. Reese1,2 and Joseph H. Williams2 12 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 13 37996, U.S.A. 14 15 16 17 1Author for correspondence: 18 John B. Reese 19 Tel: 865 974 9371 20 Email: [email protected] 21 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/462663; this version posted April 18, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 22 ABSTRACT 23 Premise of the Study – Male gametophytes of most seed plants deliver sperm to eggs via a 24 pollen tube. Pollen tube growth rates (PTGRs) of angiosperms are exceptionally rapid, a pattern 25 attributed to more effective haploid selection under stronger pollen competition. Paradoxically, 26 whole genome duplication (WGD) has been common in angiosperms but rare in gymnosperms. -
Evolutionary Routes to Biochemical Innovation Revealed by Integrative
RESEARCH ARTICLE Evolutionary routes to biochemical innovation revealed by integrative analysis of a plant-defense related specialized metabolic pathway Gaurav D Moghe1†, Bryan J Leong1,2, Steven M Hurney1,3, A Daniel Jones1,3, Robert L Last1,2* 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States; 2Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States; 3Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States Abstract The diversity of life on Earth is a result of continual innovations in molecular networks influencing morphology and physiology. Plant specialized metabolism produces hundreds of thousands of compounds, offering striking examples of these innovations. To understand how this novelty is generated, we investigated the evolution of the Solanaceae family-specific, trichome- localized acylsugar biosynthetic pathway using a combination of mass spectrometry, RNA-seq, enzyme assays, RNAi and phylogenomics in different non-model species. Our results reveal hundreds of acylsugars produced across the Solanaceae family and even within a single plant, built on simple sugar cores. The relatively short biosynthetic pathway experienced repeated cycles of *For correspondence: [email protected] innovation over the last 100 million years that include gene duplication and divergence, gene loss, evolution of substrate preference and promiscuity. This study provides mechanistic insights into the † Present address: Section of emergence of plant chemical novelty, and offers a template for investigating the ~300,000 non- Plant Biology, School of model plant species that remain underexplored. Integrative Plant Sciences, DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.28468.001 Cornell University, Ithaca, United States Competing interests: The authors declare that no Introduction competing interests exist. -
Scientific Opinion on the Assessment of the Risk of Solanaceous Pospiviroids for the EU Territory and the Identification and Evaluation of Risk Management Options1
EFSA Journal 2011;9(8):2330 SCIENTIFIC OPINION Scientific Opinion on the assessment of the risk of solanaceous pospiviroids for the EU territory and the identification and evaluation of risk 1 management options EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH)2, 3 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy ABSTRACT Following a request from the EU Commission, the EFSA PLH Panel conducted a risk assessment for the EU territory of pospiviroids affecting solanaceous crops, identified and evaluated risk reduction options and evaluated the EU provisional emergency measures targeting Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd). The risk assessment included PSTVd, Citrus exocortis viroid, Columnea latent viroid, Mexican papita viroid, Tomato apical stunt viroid, Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid, Tomato planta macho viroid, Chrysanthemum stunt viroid and Pepper chat fruit viroid. Four entry pathways were identified, three involving plant propagation material, with moderate probability of entry, and one involving plant products for human consumption, with low probability of entry. The probability of establishment was considered very high. Spread was considered likely within a crop and moderately likely between crop species, with exception of spread to potato, rated as unlikely. The probability of long distance spread within vegetatively propagated crops was estimated as likely/very likely. The direct consequences were expected to be major in potato and tomato, moderate in pepper, minimal/minor in other vegetables and minimal in ornamentals. Main risk assessment uncertainties derive from limited knowledge on pospiviroids other than PSTVd, although all pospiviroids are expected to have similar biological properties. Management options to reduce risk of entry, spread and consequences were identified and evaluated. -
2007 Catalog
Friends School of Minnesota 1365 Englewood Avenue Saint Paul, MN 55104 TIME VALUE DATA May 11, 12, 13, 2007 Friday,May 11 If you have received a duplicate copy, please let us know, and pass the extra to a friend! 11:00 A.M.–8:00 P.M. New Saturday Saturday,May 12 Hours Saint Paul, 10:00 A.M.–6:00 P.M. Sunday,May 13 FROM 35W Minnesota FROM HWY 36 12:00 NOON–4:00 P.M. FROM HWY 280 LARPENTEUR AVENUE At the State Fair Grandstand— FROM HWY 280 Free Admission C O M O CLEVELAND AVE A SNELLING AVE V E Grandstand N U 280 E COMMONWEALTH DAN PATCH Main MIDWAY PKWY Gate P Minn. State Fair 94 Coliseum COMO AVENUE 35W White Shoreview Glacial Ridge Brooklyn Ctr Bear Lake 694 35E E U CANFIELD Growers: A Green Plymouth Crystal 94 Roseville N 36 E 494 Snelling Ave. 694 V 169 Saint Paul Family Business 280 A 394 35E 100 94 D Minnetonka Minneapolis E N N Woodbury ERGY Hosta Takeover! O P Edina 494 ARK 62 M Richfield Y 61 Eden 494 Prairie A Are These Veggies 35W Inver Grove R Heights Bloomington Eagan FROM 94 Organically Grown? 52 Mr. Majestic Shakopee 35E Burnsville marigold, page 12 Photo by Nancy Scherer Bird Gardens 18th Annual Friends School Plant Sale May 11, 12 and 13, 2007 Friday 11:00 A.M.–8:00 P.M.• Saturday 10:00 A.M.–6:00 P.M. Sunday 12:00 NOON–4:00 P.M.Sunday is half-price day at the Minnesota State Fair Grandstand Friends School of Minnesota Thank you for supporting Friends School of Minnesota by purchasing plants at our sale.