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Chinese Connection" in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries
AYUDHYA: CAPITAL-PORT OF SIAM AND ITS "CHINESE CONNECTION" IN THE FOURTEENTH AND FIFTEENTH CENTURIES CHARNVIT KASETSIRI DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY In 1990 Princess Maha Chakri presided over the open Ayudhya, founded in 1351, remained an important ing of the "Ayudhya Historical Study Centre," an elaborate economic and political center of Siam for more than four and gigantic research exhibition centre dedicated to the rich hundred years. In 1767 it was overrun by the Burmese, and diversity of Ayudhya history. The centre is a gift of¥ 999 the capital was rebuilt at Thonburi-Bangkok. Ayudhya is million from the Japanese Government to Thailand. It has situated about 90 kilometers from the coast, tucked away at two hi-tech exhibition buildings with one large room por the northern tip of the Gulf of Siam, making it some distance traying "Ayudhya as a port city. The exhibition depicts the away from the main international sea-route which passed the relationship between Ayudhya and foreign nations. A Thai straits between present-day Malaysia-Singapore-Indonesia. junk and Pomphet fort...[have been] recreated to demonstrate Strictly speaking, Ayudhya might be termed a hin the life-style, market places and trading activities of ancient terland kingdom. Its economy was self-sufficient, depending A yudhya," while another separate room displays a huge re on wet-rice cultivation and control of manpower. Overseas production of a map of Ayudhya drawn from a seventeenth trade seemed to be relatively small and less important, con century Dutch oil painting. sisting of exchanging raw natural products with manufac This room, "Ayudhya and its external relations," shows tured goods from more advanced countries-India, China, not only the impressive map but also documents for overseas and later Europe.1 Nevertheless, its overseas trade was a contact (i.e. -
Chao Phraya River Station C.2 Discharge Volume of 416 M3/Sec (Yesterday: 432 M3./Sec) Water Level: +19.33 M.M.S.L
Current Situation: normal, office hours 8.30 – 16.30 Water Watch and Monitoring System for Warning Center Royal Irrigation Department , MOAC Tel: 0 2669 2560 Fax 0 2243 6956, 0 2241 3350, 0 2243 1098 Hotline: 1460 http://www.rid.go.th/2009, http://wmsc.rid.go.th, E-mail : [email protected] th Report for water situation on 13 Sunday January 2013 1. Weather atmosphere The moderate high pressure covers upper Thailand causing cool with fog and dense fog in some places likely in the North, the Northeast and the Central. All transport should proceed with caution in areas of poor visibility. The southeasterly winds and the southerly winds prevail from the Gulf of Thailand with the humidity to the lower Central and the East resulting in isolated rain. 2. Highest rainfall in each region From 07.00 on 12th January 2013 to 07.00 on 13th January 2013 as follows: North part at Mueang Phchit 0.4 mm. Northeastern part at Mueang Kalasin 0.7 mm. Central part at Mueang Samut Prakan 5.8 mm. Eastern part at Ko Si Chang District Chon Buri 1.2 mm. Southern part (east coast) at Mueang Nakhon Si Thammarat 0.8 mm. Southern part (west coast) No rain 3. 3-day Raining Prediction During 14 – 17 January 2013, it is predicted that All regions may have rain about 1 – 5 mm. Information is from The National Centers for Environmental Prediction, starting prediction from 12th January 2013. 4. Water condition in reservoirs Water condition in large and medium scale reservoirs: Water volume in reservoir is 50,217 MCM which is 67% (available water volume is 26,418 MCM which is 35%). -
Risk Patterns of Lung Cancer Mortality in Northern Thailand
Rankantha et al. BMC Public Health (2018) 18:1138 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6025-1 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Risk patterns of lung cancer mortality in northern Thailand Apinut Rankantha1,2, Imjai Chitapanarux3,4,5, Donsuk Pongnikorn6, Sukon Prasitwattanaseree2, Walaithip Bunyatisai2, Patumrat Sripan3,4,5 and Patrinee Traisathit2,7* Abstract Background: Over the past decade, lung cancers have exhibited a disproportionately high mortality and increasing mortality trend in Thailand, especially in the northern region, and prevention strategies have consequently become more important in this region. Spatial analysis studies may be helpful in guiding any strategy put in place to respond to the risk of lung cancer mortality in specific areas. The aim of our study was to identify risk patterns for lung cancer mortality within the northern region of Thailand. Methods: In the spatial analysis, the relative risk (RR) was used as a measure of the risk of lung cancer mortality in 81 districts of northern Thailand between 2008 and 2017. The RR was estimated according to the Besag-York-Mollié autoregressive spatial model performed using the OpenBUGS routine in the R statistical software package. We presented the overall and gender specific lung cancer mortality risk patterns of the region using the Quantum Geographic Information System. Results: The overall risk of lung cancer mortality was the highest in the west of northern Thailand, especially in the Hang Dong, Doi Lo, and San Pa Tong districts. For both genders, the risk patterns of lung cancer mortality indicated a high risk in the west of northern Thailand, with females being at a higher risk than males. -
Contracted Garage
Contracted Garage No Branch Province District Garage Name Truck Contact Number Address 035-615-990, 089- 140/2 Rama 3 Road, Bang Kho Laem Sub-district, Bang Kho Laem District, 1 Headquarters Ang Thong Mueang P Auto Image Co., Ltd. 921-2400 Bangkok, 10120 188 Soi 54 Yaek 4 Rama 2 Road, Samae Dam Sub-district, Bang Khun Thian 2 Headquarters Ang Thong Mueang Thawee Car Care Center Co., Ltd. 035-613-545 District, Bangkok, 10150 02-522-6166-8, 086- 3 Headquarters Bangkok Bang Khen Sathitpon Aotobody Co., Ltd. 102/8 Thung Khru Sub-district, Thung Khru District, Bangkok, 10140 359-7466 02-291-1544, 081- 4 Headquarters Bangkok Bang Kho Laem Au Supphalert Co., Ltd. 375 Phet kasem Road, Tha Phra Sub-district, Bangkok Yai District, Bangkok, 10600 359-2087 02-415-1577, 081- 109/26 Moo 6 Nawamin 74 Road Khlong Kum Sub-district Bueng Kum district 5 Headquarters Bangkok Bang Khun Thian Ch.thanabodyauto Co., Ltd. 428-5084 Bangkok, 10230 02-897-1123-8, 081- 307/201 Charansanitwong Road, Bang Khun Si Sub-district, Bangkok Noi District, 6 Headquarters Bangkok Bang Khun Thian Saharungroj Service (2545) Co., Ltd. 624-5461 Bangkok, 10700 02-896-2992-3, 02- 4/431-3 Moo 1, Soi Sakae Ngam 25, Rama 2 Road, Samae Dam 7 Headquarters Bangkok Bang Khun Thian Auychai Garage Co., Ltd. 451-3715 Sub-district, Bang Khun Thien District, Bangkok, 10150 02-451-6334, 8 Headquarters Bangkok Bang Khun Thian Car Circle and Service Co., Ltd. 495 Hathairat Road, Bang, Khlong Sam Wa District, Bangkok, 10510 02-451-6927-28 02-911-5001-3, 02- 9 Headquarters Bangkok Bang Sue Au Namchai TaoPoon Co., Ltd. -
TIJBS FINAL VERSION.Indd 125 8/22/2011 4:11:43 PM 126 T BS II, 2011 • Review
125 A Book Review: ‘Forest Recollections: Wandering Monks in Twentieth - Century Thailand’ Forest Recollections: Wondering Monks in Twentieth-Century Thailand. By Kamala Tiyavanich. University of Hawai’i Press, Honolulu, 1997. This book, published fourteen years ago, explains the life of Thai tudong or forest monks in the twentieth century. In general it is an accomplished account of forest monasticism in the North-East, explaining well the lifestyle of the monks, and the many physical and psychological problems they faced while living deep in the jungle. Important aspects of the forest life covered include how the forest tradition came into existence in Thailand (Chapter 1), how Thai monks take up the forest lifestyle and deal with problems of fear, bodily su ering, sexual desire, hardships of wandering and so on (Chapters 2-6), the monks’ relationship with Sangha o cials and villagers, and the con icts they had with the Sangha administration (Chapter 10). Thai International Journal of Buddhist Studies II (2011): 125-134. © The International PhD Programme in Buddhist Studies, Mahidol TIJBS FINAL VERSION.indd 125 8/22/2011 4:11:43 PM 126 T BS II, 2011 • Review The book begins with some background information, based especially on the work of previous scholars (especially J.L.Taylor)1 . Each chapter is arranged in a straightforward manner, with lucid explanations devoid of academic jargon, but with Thai or Laotian words in parentheses to help the general reader with local names. More problematic are the sections dealing with King Rama IV (King Mongkut, or former Vajiraño Bhikkhu) and Prince Vajirañavarorasa, his royal son. -
Chapter 1 1. Introduction 1.1 Introduction and Background in Today's Scenarios Tourism Industry Has Surpassed All Cliché Form
Chapter 1 1. Introduction 1.1 Introduction and Background In today’s scenarios tourism industry has surpassed all cliché forms of tourism and has reached to a new and innovative way to visit different places. In recent times tourists are getting highly influenced by the films and television programs in order to select their new place for travelling and this doesn’t happen with any tourism promotion strategies or campaigns but due to the films and television programs which show the images and videos of destinations. This concept can also be described as film-induced tourism in which the tourists choose destinations according to the attributes which they do see in films and television programs (Hudson & Ritchie, 2006). Gartner 1989; Echtner & Ritchie 1991) have also explained in this context images and sceneries in movies and TV programs play a very important role regarding the selection of place to visit and it helps in decision making process also. Chon 1990 in simpler ways explained that the more approving the image leads the higher chance of selecting the destination. Butler in 1990 also explained that films and television programs can impact on the travel inclination of those who reveal to the destinations characteristics and produce an affirmative destination image through their portrayal. Schofield 1996 indicated that films and television programs induced tourism to speedily become modish among audiences. Films and Television programs can offer great amount of knowledge of definite facets of the country or areas such as nature, culture, locations, events and people which can generate an interest towards the country and if the interest is positive and favorable which forefront to an actual visit to the country or the areas (Iswashita, 2006). -
Thailands Beaches and Islands
EYEWITNESS TRAVEL THAILAND’S BEACHES & ISLANDS BEACHES • WATER SPORTS RAINFORESTS • TEMPLES FESTIVALS • WILDLIFE SCUBA DIVING • NATIONAL PARKS MARKETS • RESTAURANTS • HOTELS THE GUIDES THAT SHOW YOU WHAT OTHERS ONLY TELL YOU EYEWITNESS TRAVEL THAILAND’S BEACHES AND ISLANDS EYEWITNESS TRAVEL THAILAND’S BEACHES AND ISLANDS MANAGING EDITOR Aruna Ghose SENIOR EDITORIAL MANAGER Savitha Kumar SENIOR DESIGN MANAGER Priyanka Thakur PROJECT DESIGNER Amisha Gupta EDITORS Smita Khanna Bajaj, Diya Kohli DESIGNER Shruti Bahl SENIOR CARTOGRAPHER Suresh Kumar Longtail tour boats at idyllic Hat CARTOGRAPHER Jasneet Arora Tham Phra Nang, Krabi DTP DESIGNERS Azeem Siddique, Rakesh Pal SENIOR PICTURE RESEARCH COORDINATOR Taiyaba Khatoon PICTURE RESEARCHER Sumita Khatwani CONTRIBUTORS Andrew Forbes, David Henley, Peter Holmshaw CONTENTS PHOTOGRAPHER David Henley HOW TO USE THIS ILLUSTRATORS Surat Kumar Mantoo, Arun Pottirayil GUIDE 6 Reproduced in Singapore by Colourscan Printed and bound by L. Rex Printing Company Limited, China First American Edition, 2010 INTRODUCING 10 11 12 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 THAILAND’S Published in the United States by Dorling Kindersley Publishing, Inc., BEACHES AND 375 Hudson Street, New York 10014 ISLANDS Copyright © 2010, Dorling Kindersley Limited, London A Penguin Company DISCOVERING ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UNDER INTERNATIONAL AND PAN-AMERICAN COPYRIGHT CONVENTIONS. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED, STORED IN THAILAND’S BEACHES A RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, AND ISLANDS 10 ELECTRONIC, MECHANICAL, PHOTOCOPYING, RECORDING OR OTHERWISE WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNER. Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited. PUTTING THAILAND’S A CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION RECORD IS BEACHES AND ISLANDS AVAILABLE FROM THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. -
Written Statement on Human Rights Situation in Thailand Based on List of Issues : Thailand.13/04/2005 CCPR/C/84/L/THA
Written statement on Human Rights Situation in Thailand based on List of issues : Thailand.13/04/2005 CCPR/C/84/L/THA. by Thai Civic Action Network (Thai-CAN) Submitted as the second part of workshop on “Strengthening the implementation of human rights treaty recommendations through the enchancement of national protection measure” at the 84th session of the United Nations Human Rights Committee In the session its consideration of the State party report of Thailand 18 to 20 July 2005 at the Palais Wilson, Geneva Background : Thai-CAN and its mandates The Thai Civic Action Network (Thai-CAN) is a group of 10 represenatives from the Office of National Human Rights Commission, non-governmental organisations and media organisations. The group was funded by the European Union to attend a training workshop on “Strengthening the implementation of human rights treaty recommendations through the enhancement of national protection measures” organised by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) from 9 to 13 May 2005 . As the second part of the training project, the group is invited to attend the 84th Session of the United Nation Human Rights Committee and its consideration of the State party report of Thailand from 19-20 July 2005. Thai-CAN submitted a written statement to the committee as part of its concern on human rights situation in Thailand. The statement also constitutes a practical training exercise. This statement was launced for an initial local workshop from particapation of all stakeholders. Most of informations and fact findings were contributed through this diverse cooperation. -
Sukhothai and Ayutthaya Pittayawat Pittayaporn1 Sireemas Maspong2 Shinnakrit Tangsiriwattanakul3 Yanyong Sikharit4
The genetic relationship between the Thai language of Sukhothai and Ayutthaya Pittayawat Pittayaporn1 Sireemas Maspong2 Shinnakrit Tangsiriwattanakul3 Yanyong Sikharit4 Chulalongkorn University1, 3, Cornell University2, Srinakharinwirot University4 Medieval Tai languages Kingdoms Oldest inscriptions Dates Sukhothai Bang Sanuk Inscription 1339 Tin Inscription of Ayutthaya Wat Maha That 1374 Lan Na Lan Thong Kham Inscription 1376 Lan Xang Nang An Inscription 14th century Sadiya Snake-Pillar Ahom 1497-1537 Inscription Bang Sanuk Inscription (1339) Tin Inscription of Wat Maha That (1374) Sukhothai and Ayutthaya 1238 AD The first king of Sukhothai King Sri Indraditya began the Phra Ruang Dynasty 1350 AD The first king of Ayutthaya King Ramathibodi I began the Uthong Dynasty 1438 AD Merger into Ayuthaya Kingdom 1767 AD The fall of Ayutthaya Kingdom Mother-Daughter or Cousins? Proto-Southwestern Tai Proto-Southwestern Tai Sukhothai Sukhothai Ayutthaya Ayutthaya Proposal • The Thai varieties attested in Sukhothai and Ayutthaya inscriptions are in fact the same language • Shared phonological innovations • Shared chronology Outline • Historical background • Previous phonological study of Sukhothai Thai (SKT) and Ayutthaya Thai (AYT) • Early phonological innovations • Later innovations • SKT-AYT as Old Thai Historical background Foundation of Sukhothai and Ayutthaya • SWT speakers must have arrived in present-day Thailand by the middle of the 12th century as attested by bas-reliefs in Angkor Wat (Coedès 1968; Phumisak 1976) • A coalition of Thai -
KING MONGKUT's POLITICAL and RELIGIOUS IDEOLOGIES THROUGH ARCIDTECTURE at PHRA NAKHON KIRI Somphong Amnuay-Ngerntra Abstract
KING MONGKUT'S Buddhist sect, Thammayut, is characterised as rational, intellectual, and POLITICAL AND humanistic. Such religious reform was RELIGIOUS IDEOLOGIES integrated with scientific knowledge, THROUGH which he had learned during his contact ARCIDTECTURE AT PHRA with Christian missionaries as a monk and later as king. NAKHON KIRI1 Introduction Somphong Amnuay-ngerntra 2 King Mongkut, through his long Abstract association with Christian rmss10naries while in the monkhood and on the throne, and the Siamese elite were aware of the This research investigates King Mongkut 's increasing threat of European colonisation vision of modernity as expressed through in Southeast Asia, particularly after the the medium of Phra Nakhon Kiri in British defeated the Burmese in 1837, and Phetchaburi. King Mongkut used when western firearms were used to settle hierarchically traditional architecture as the Opium War in China in 1842 (Batson, a means of bolstering national pride and 1984: 4). In response to global political legitimising claims to the right ofkingship . circumstances, the Siamese elite Simultaneously, a political position of introduced the concept of modernity and Siam as a modern state was manifested W esternisation to Siam by incorporating through European-Sino-Siamese hybrid Western ideas of governance and architectural styles in the mid-nineteenth administration, changing the economy to a century. In addition, the bell-shaped market, cash economy (Keyes, 1989: 45). pagoda style within the site complex Notably, these Siamese elite, who had reflected his religious reform directed at foreseen the potential benefits from the upgrading monastic practices and trade treaty, welcomed the British purifying the canon. His reformed demands and later signed commercial treaties with European countries beginning 1 This essay is a revised version of the paper with Britain in 1855. -
EN Cover AR TCRB 2018 OL
Vision and Mission The Thai Credit Retail Bank Public Company Limited Vision Thai Credit is passionate about growing our customer’s business and improving customer’s life by providing unique and innovative micro financial services Mission Be the best financial service provider to our micro segment customers nationwide Help building knowledge and discipline in “Financial Literacy” to all our customers Create a passionate organisation that is proud of what we do Create shareholders’ value and respect stakeholders’ interest Core Value T C R B L I Team Spirit Credibility Result Oriented Best Service Leadership Integrity The Thai Credit Retail Bank Public Company Limited 2 Financial Highlight Loans Non-Performing Loans (Million Baht) (Million Baht) 50,000 3,000 102% 99% 94% 40,000 93% 2,000 44,770 94% 2,552 2,142 2018 2018 2017 30,000 39,498 Consolidated The Bank 1,000 34,284 1,514 20,000 Financial Position (Million Baht) 1,028 27,834 Total Assets 50,034 50,130 45,230 826 23,051 500 Loans 44,770 44,770 39,498 10,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 2,379 2,379 1,983 - - Non-Performing Loans (Net NPLs) 1,218 1,218 979 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Non-Performing Loans (Gross NPLs) 2,552 2,552 2,142 LLR / NPLs (%) Liabilities 43,757 43,853 39,728 Deposits 42,037 42,133 37,877 Total Capital Fund to Risk Assets Net Interest Margin (NIMs) Equity 6,277 6,277 5,502 Statement of Profit and Loss (Million Baht) 20% 10% Interest Income 4,951 4,951 3,952 16.42% 15.87% Interest Expenses 901 901 806 15.13% 8% 13.78% 15% 13.80% Net Interest -
'We Love the King'
Honouring the Claim ‘We Love the King’ P. A. Payutto (Somdet Phra Buddhaghosacariya) Honouring the Claim ‘We Love the King’ by P. A. Payutto (Somdet Phra Buddhaghosacariya) translated by Robin Moore © 2016 Thai edition – สมเด則จพระพ稸ทธโฆษาจารย詌 (ป. อ. ปย稸ต嘺โต) © 2017 English edition – Robin Moore This book is available for free download at: www.watnyanaves.net Original Thai version first published: December 2016 Translated English version first published: March 2017 by Wat Nyanavesakavan and Peeranuch Kiatsommart Typeset in: Crimson, Gentium, Open Sans and TF Uthong. Cover design by: Phrakru Vinayadhorn (Chaiyos Buddhivaro) Layout design by: Supapong Areeprasertkul Printed by: Preface On the 13th October 2016 His Majesty Somdet Barom Raja Sambhara Somdet Phra Paramindra Maha Bhumibol Adulyadej King Rama IX passed away, causing great sorrow and grief for the Thai people across the entire country.1 Ever since the government first began allowing people the opportunity to pay respects to the royal remains, they have been thronging in large numbers to the palace day after day, without any noticeable decrease in numbers. The Thai people’s expressions of kind recollection and gratitude for His Majesty’s goodness and numerous royal initiatives performed over a long period of time for the wellbeing of his subjects is praiseworthy. Having said this, on this momentous occasion, the expression of gratitude (kataññū) should generate the additional fruit of repaying kindness (kataveditā) through earnest and resolute action. Thai people should be vigilant and committed to engaging in those actions answering to His Majesty’s royal pledge and fulfilling his heartfelt desire. By doing this the people themselves will improve their lives, cultivate virtue, and practise the Dhamma.