Lower Myall River and Myall Lakes Flood Study
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A part of BMT in Energy and Environment Lower Myall River and Myall Lakes Flood Study Final Report: R.N2247.003.04 June 2015 Lower Myall River and Myall Lakes Flood Study - Incorporating Projected Climate Change Effects Final Report Offices Brisbane Denver Karratha Prepared For: Great Lakes Council Melbourne Newcastle Perth Prepared By: BMT WBM Pty Ltd (Member of the BMT group of companies) Sydney Vancouver K:\N2247_LOWER_MYALL_LAKES_FLOOD_STUDY\DOCS\R.N2247.003.04_FINAL_REPORT.DOCX DOCUMENT CONTROL SHEET BMT WBM Pty Ltd BMT WBM Pty Ltd Document : R.N2247.003.04_Final_Report.docx 126 Belford Street BROADMEADOW NSW 2292 Project Manager Darren Lyons Australia : PO Box 266 Broadmeadow NSW 2292 Tel: +61 2 4940 8882 Fax: +61 2 4940 8887 Client : Great Lakes Council ABN 54 010 830 421 003 Client Contact: Geoff Love www.bmtwbm.com.au Client Reference Contract No: 03/11 TAB-FLOODSTUDY- MYALL Title : Lower Myall River and Myall Lakes Flood Study Final Report Author : Rohan Hudson Synopsis : Report for the Lower Myall River and Myall Lakes Flood Study covering the available data, the development and calibration of the hydrologic and hydraulic models and the presentation of design flood conditions, including sensitivity testing and an assessment of climate change. REVISION/CHECKING HISTORY REVISION DATE OF ISSUE CHECKED BY ISSUED BY NUMBER 1 30/08/2012 DJL DJL 2 6/3/2013 RMH 3 24/1/2014 RMH 4 04/06/2015 DJL DJL DISTRIBUTION DESTINATION REVISION 1 2 3 4 Great Lakes Council 1e 1e 1e 6p, 1e OEH 1e 1e BMT WBM File 1e 1e 1e 1e BMT WBM Library K:\N2247_LOWER_MYALL_LAKES_FLOOD_STUDY\DOCS\R.N2247.003.04_FINAL_REPORT.DOCX CONTENTS I CONTENTS Contents i List of Figures v List of Tables vi GLOSSARY I 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Study Location 1 1.2 Study Background 3 1.3 The Need for Floodplain Management at Myall Lakes and Lower Myall River 3 1.4 The Floodplain Management Process 3 1.4.1 Climate Change Policy 4 1.5 Study Objectives 5 1.6 About This Report 5 2 STUDY APPROACH 6 2.1 The Study Area 6 2.1.1 Catchment Description 6 2.2 Compilation and Review of Available Data 9 2.2.1 Previous Flood Studies 9 2.2.2 Water Level Data 12 2.2.3 Historical Flood Levels 13 2.2.4 Rainfall Data 14 2.2.5 Topographic Data 17 2.2.6 Bathymetry Data 17 2.2.7 Model DEM Generation 17 2.2.8 Survey Check Data 17 2.3 Community Consultation 19 2.4 Development of Computer Models 19 2.4.1 Hydrological Model 19 2.4.2 Hydraulic Model 19 K:\N2247_LOWER_MYALL_LAKES_FLOOD_STUDY\DOCS\R.N2247.003.04_FINAL_REPORT.DOCX CONTENTS II 2.5 Calibration and Sensitivity Testing of Models 19 3 COMMUNITY CONSULTATION 21 3.1 The Community Consultation Process 21 3.1.1 Information Website 21 3.1.2 Public Exhibition 21 4 MODEL DEVELOPMENT 23 4.1 Hydrological Model 23 4.1.1 Catchment Delineation 24 4.1.2 Rainfall Data 27 4.1.3 Rainfall Losses 27 4.2 Hydraulic Model 28 4.2.1 Extents and Layout 28 4.2.2 Topography 28 4.2.3 Lower Myall Entrance Channel Bathymetry 29 4.2.4 Structures 29 4.2.5 Hydraulic Roughness 29 4.2.6 Boundary Conditions 29 5 MODEL CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION 32 5.1 Selection of Calibration Events 32 5.2 September 2009 – Tidal Calibration 33 5.2.1 Downstream Boundary Conditions 33 5.2.2 Adopted Model Parameters 33 5.2.3 Observed and Simulated Tidal Conditions, September 2009 33 5.3 July 2011 Model Calibration 37 5.3.1 Calibration Data 37 5.3.2 Downstream Boundary Conditions 40 5.3.3 Rainfall Losses 40 5.3.4 Adopted Model Parameters 41 5.3.5 Observed and Simulated Flood Conditions July 2011 42 5.4 May 2003 Model Validation 45 5.4.1 Validation Data 45 5.4.2 Downstream Boundary Conditions 47 5.4.3 Rainfall Losses 48 5.4.4 Adopted Model Parameters 48 5.4.5 Observed and Simulated Flood Conditions May 2003 48 K:\N2247_LOWER_MYALL_LAKES_FLOOD_STUDY\DOCS\R.N2247.003.04_FINAL_REPORT.DOCX CONTENTS III 5.5 April 2008 Model Validation 51 5.5.1 Validation Data 51 5.5.2 Downstream Boundary Conditions 54 5.5.3 Rainfall Losses 55 5.5.4 Adopted Model Parameters 55 5.5.5 Observed and Simulated Flood Conditions April 2008 55 5.6 March 2013 Model Validation 58 5.6.1 Validation Data 58 5.6.2 Downstream Boundary Conditions 61 5.6.3 Rainfall Losses 61 5.6.4 Observed and Simulated Flood Conditions March 2013 62 5.6.5 Observed and Simulated Flood Markers 62 5.7 Determination of Design Model Parameters 67 6 DESIGN FLOOD CONDITIONS 68 6.1 Design Rainfall 69 6.1.1 Site Specific Rainfall Depth Frequency Analysis 69 6.1.2 Temporal Patterns 71 6.1.3 Rainfall Losses 72 6.2 Design Ocean Boundary 72 6.2.1 Catchment Derived Flood Events 72 6.2.2 Ocean Derived Flood Events 73 6.3 Initial Water Levels 74 6.4 Modelled Design Events 75 6.4.1 Catchment Derived Flood Events 75 6.4.2 Ocean Derived Flood Events 75 6.4.3 Joint Catchment and Ocean Derived Flood Events 76 7 DESIGN FLOOD RESULTS 77 7.1 Peak Flood Conditions 77 7.1.1 Catchment Derived Flood Events 77 7.1.2 Ocean Derived Flood Events 77 7.1.3 Combined Design Flood Results 77 7.1.4 Joint Catchment and Ocean Derived Flood Events 77 7.2 Design Flood Hydrographs 80 7.3 Design Flood Behaviour for Catchment Events 81 7.3.1 Lake and Channel Water Levels 81 7.3.2 Peak Water Level Profile 82 K:\N2247_LOWER_MYALL_LAKES_FLOOD_STUDY\DOCS\R.N2247.003.04_FINAL_REPORT.DOCX CONTENTS IV 7.4 Design Flood Behaviour for Ocean Events 83 7.4.1 Lake and Channel Water Levels 83 7.4.2 Peak Water Level Profile 83 7.5 Design Flood Behaviour Coincident Catchment and Ocean Derived Flood Events 84 7.6 Design Flood Profiles: Peak Combined Flood Levels 87 7.7 Comparison with Previous Studies and Historic Data 88 7.7.1 Comparison to MHL (1980) 88 7.7.2 Comparison to MHL (1996) 89 7.7.3 Comparison to Observed Historic Water Levels 89 7.8 Hydraulic Classifications 90 7.9 Provisional Hazard Categories 91 7.10 Flood ERP Classifications of Communities 92 7.10.1 Catchment Derived Flooding ERP 92 7.10.2 Ocean Derived Flooding ERP 93 7.10.3 Impact of Climate Change on ERP 93 7.11 Sensitivity Tests 94 7.11.1 Initial Rainfall Loss 95 7.11.2 Continuing Rainfall Loss 96 7.11.3 Initial Lake Level 96 7.11.4 Increased Rain Intensity 96 7.11.5 Floodplain elevation (LiDAR accuracy) 96 7.11.6 Hydraulic Roughness 97 7.11.7 Downstream Boundary Condition 97 7.11.8 Fluvial Influence on Tidal Flooding 97 8 CLIMATE CHANGE ANALYSIS 99 8.1 Potential Climate Change Impacts 100 8.1.1 Adopted Sea Level Rise Benchmarks 100 8.1.2 Design Rainfall Intensity 100 8.2 Catchment Events with Increased Rainfall Intensity 100 8.3 Catchment Events with Sea Level Rise and Increased Rainfall Intensity102 8.4 Ocean Events with Sea Level Rise 103 8.5 Flood Profiles: Peak Combined Flood Levels with Sea Level Rise 104 9 CONCLUSION 106 10 REFERENCES 109 K:\N2247_LOWER_MYALL_LAKES_FLOOD_STUDY\DOCS\R.N2247.003.04_FINAL_REPORT.DOCX LIST OF FIGURES V APPENDIX A: SURVEY CHECK DATA A-1 APPENDIX B: DESIGN FLOOD MAPPING B-1 APPENDIX C: DESIGN INITIAL WATER LEVEL INVESTIGATIONS C-1 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1 Study Locality 2 Figure 2-1 Topography of the Myall Lakes Catchment 8 Figure 2-2 Water Level Gauges Relevant to Study 15 Figure 2-3 Rain Gauges in the Vicinity of the Myall Lakes Catchment 16 Figure 2-4 Sources of Topographic and Bathymetric Data 18 Figure 4-1 RAFTS Model Sub-catchment Layout 26 Figure 4-2 TUFLOW Hydraulic Model Layout 30 Figure 4-3 TUFLOW Model Roughness Map 31 Figure 5-1 Tidal Calibration – Tomaree Applied Water Level Boundary Data 33 Figure 5-2 Water Level Measurement Sites 34 Figure 5-3 Tidal Calibration – Pindimar Bay 35 Figure 5-4 Tidal Calibration – Corrie Island 35 Figure 5-5 Tidal Calibration – Tea Gardens 35 Figure 5-6 Tidal Calibration – Monkey Jacket 36 Figure 5-7 Tidal Calibration – Brasswater 36 Figure 5-8 Tidal Calibration – Bombah Broadwater 36 Figure 5-9 July 2011 Rainfall Distribution 38 Figure 5-10 Observed Water Levels and Cumulative Rainfall – July 2011 39 Figure 5-11 July 2011 Recorded Tidal Water Level 40 Figure 5-12 Bombah Point Water Level Calibration – July 2011 43 Figure 5-13 Tea Gardens Water Level Calibration – July 2011 43 Figure 5-14 July 2011 Simulated Peak Flood Inundation 44 Figure 5-15 May 2003 Rainfall Distribution 46 Figure 5-16 Observed Water Levels and Cumulative Rainfall – May 2003 47 Figure 5-17 May 2003 Recorded Tidal Water Levels 48 Figure 5-18 Bombah Point Water Level Calibration – May 2003 49 Figure 5-19 May 2003 Simulated Peak Flood Inundation 50 Figure 5-20 April 2008 Rainfall Distribution 52 Figure 5-21 Observed Water Levels and Cumulative Rainfall – April 2008 53 K:\N2247_LOWER_MYALL_LAKES_FLOOD_STUDY\DOCS\R.N2247.003.04_FINAL_REPORT.DOCX LIST OF TABLES VI Figure 5-22 Suggested Corrections to Recorded Bombah Point Water Levels – April 2008 54 Figure 5-23 April 2008 Recorded Tidal Water Level 54 Figure 5-24 Bombah Point Water Level Calibration – April 2008 56 Figure 5-25 April 2008 Simulated Peak Flood Inundation 57 Figure 5-26 March 2013 Rainfall Distribution 59 Figure 5-27 Observed Water Levels and Cumulative Rainfall – March 2013 60 Figure 5-28 March 2013 Recorded Tidal Water Level 61 Figure 5-29 Bombah Point Water Level Calibration – March 2013 64 Figure 5-30 Tea Gardens Water Level Calibration – March 2013 64 Figure 5-31 March 2013 Simulated Peak Flood Inundation 65 Figure 5-32 March 2013 Observed vs Modelled Flood Markers 66 Figure 6-1 Predicted Water Levels for 3 Different Duration 1% AEP Events 70 Figure 6-2 Influence of Adopted Temporal Pattern on Predicted Water Levels 72 Figure 6-3 Design Tide for Catchment Flooding Simulations 73 Figure 6-4 Design Ocean Boundary – Storm Surge Elevated Tides 74 Figure 7-1 Design Event Peak Flood Level Reporting Locations 79 Figure 7-2 Predicted