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_.. :n1 Dhananjayarao GadgiJ Library 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111 GIPE-PUNE~255932 PLATE I. HEAD OF DIONYSUS, SIRKAP. I'hoto," 'II",mn'd & I'rilllt',\ ILt, t.\u. OIl\Cc~ of the S\1l'\'I'Y 111 flllli .... Clllcuttn. 1018, A GUIDE TO T AXILA BY SIR JOHN MARSHALL .. KT., C.I.E.,' M.A., Litl.D., F.S ...., Hon.A,R.I.B.A., ETC., Director General of A~~fiy'.Jn(Ija,}".l.' t-;:~ !:' '11'." .. p •.'"'C; O~ IN IA SOc:,t;""4..·~~ t· ~~ lr( '\ " .. ~ .. 4i.:' I. P.O.TANOON RD. ~.'l , -~ ALI ~LH~AO ~ . ~Y'\'V'\.- -t> . ~-.-~. CALCUTI'A SUPERINTENDENT COVERNMENT PRINTING, iNDIA 1918 Price R" 3 or 4 .. 6J. I \j ~: 7\' 'l G177 ~T' C E~ ~65q'2>-2- CHAVTD PAGE "- J.-TOPOOB.!.PHY • ". 1 I<ooation of Tama &nd oharacter of ooantry >in anoient times, I; BlUr ll1()und. 3; Sirkap. 4:; Babar Khina, or Kachohi Kot;. Ii I Sirsnkh. 8; Monuments outside the oities, 6. H.-HISTORY 8 Persian Empire, 8; Alexander the Great. 9 ; Seleucus Nicii.to~, 10 '; Maurya Empire, ll. Bactrian Greeks, 11; Scythians and Parthians, 12; Apollonius of Tyana. "14; Hermoous and the KusMns. 16 ; Destruction by the Huns, i 7 ; Hsiian !l'sang, 17; Modem explorations. 18; Chronology of important events connected with ,TaxiIa, 20 • • III.-ART • • • • 23 Achoomenian, 23 ; Mauryan, 24 ; Greek, Scythia and Parthian, 25 ; Gandharan. 30 ; liVluence of Greek Art in India, 32, ~¥! iv CONTENTS CHA!".tEB PolOB IV.-THE DlWWABl.JIX1 STU'PA • 36 The main structure. 37; sma.ll, circular stiipas around the ~a.in -structure, 39; Circle of sma.ll chapels. 41; ComIecu. ,tive types of masonry. 42; Minor anti· quities from chapels roqp.d Main Stiipa. 4.3 ; Sttipa. Jl, 44; Stiipa JI. 45; Stiipas NI·II, 46; Chapels N17 and Nl8, 46; Stiipa N', 47; Buildings pI and pi, 48 ; Tank, 48;, Stiipas KI and pe., 48; Stiipa Kl. 4,9; View of the ilite and the surrounding country, 49; Building 'JIl. 50 ; Two pitllM', ,51; Chapels Gl.8. 51; Inscription of the year 136, 52; Chapel RI. 54; Building L, 55; Apsidal, temple 18, 55; Chapels E and Fl. 57. V.-ST'UPA 011' KUNAu • • • 59 Identification of the ~t~pa. 59; Description. 61; Monastery. 64. VI.-SmXAP • , • • 65 City wall. 65;. Palace. 66 ; Plan of houses. '10; ,Shrine in 'Block A, 73; Shrine of the double·headed eagle in block F, 73 i Aramaio Inscription. 75; Minor 'antiquities of Sirkap. ~; Jewellery from House E. 77; from chamb~r C1I. -77; .from north sida of Central Courtyard, 80: Apsidal temple D, 81; Stiipa Court A. 83: City Gate, 84. CONTENTS v CHAPTER PAGE VII.-J~:pI1L • 86 1.'emple. 86; Stiipas and monastery in Mound. B, 92; Stiipa A, 93. VlIL~SmSUXH, L1LoRAX AND -B.1DALPUB .. • 94 Position of Sirsukh, 94; Sirsukh fortifica­ tions, 9!;. To£kiitii., 96; Litlchak, 98; Buddhist stiipa; and Monastery, 98; Stiipa. I, 100; Stiipa. II. 101; BadaJpur, 101. IX,-MoHJit.1 MORADU, JAULIAN, ETO. • 103 Position of Mobrit Moradu, .... 103 ; Stiipa I. 104; Stiipa. II, 106; Monastery, 106; Jauliitii, 110; Stiipa. Courts, 111 ; Monastery, 113; Bhallar Stilpa, 115; Bbir mound, 117. SHORT BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABBBEVIATIONIl • ., • 119 GLOSSARY. • 121 LIST OF PLATES· FACING PuTE PAGE . _ I.-Head of Dionysus, Sirkap • Fronti81riece 1I.-Coins- .. 24 III:-Coins \ 0 28 IV• .....:.Plan of the.Dharmarajika Stupa 0 36 V.-Gonsecutive types of masonry 0 • 42 v;r.-Dharmarajika Stupa: (a-d} Tel'Jlacotta and stucco heads • 0' 44 V1I.-Dharmarajika Stupa: Silver scroll inscription and transcript • 52- V1I1.-Dharmarajika Stupa: Gandhara reliefs: (a) Offering to Buddha 8.fter his enlightenment; (b) The first sermon • 56 IX.-View of the Dharmarajika Stupa from North 58 X.-View of the Kunala Stupa trom N.-W. • 60 XI.-Sirkap: Plan of Palace -68 XII.-Sirkap: View of shrine of the double-headed eagle • 74 XIII.-(a) Sirkap: Aramaio Insoription; (b) Jaulian: Stupa oasket 0 76 XIV• ....,..Sirkap : Plan of Houses E and F an~ Apsidal temple D '. • • 0 • foIl. Pl. xiii. Xl".-Sirkap: Figure of Ha.rpoorates 0 • 78 XVI.-Sirkap: Jewellery from House E and other objects • •• foll. PI! xv. vii viii LIS~ ~F PLATES FACING PLATE· FAGlil XVlL-(a) Sirkap: Jewellery • 80 (b) Ditto. XVill.-Jandial Temple .:Plan • 86 XIX.-ViewoS Jandial Temple • c • 88 xx.-Viewof Lalchak Monastery • ioo XXI.-General,view of Mohra Moradu Monaster;y • 104 XXIl.-Mohra Moradu: Relief on ~tupa I • 106(' ~L-Mohra Moradu Monastery: Stupa in Cell • 108 xnr.-Mohra Moradu Monastery: GandharaBculp. , ture • 110 XXV.-Excavations at Jaulian: Plan ~ 112 XXVl.-Jaullan: General vie,! of Stupa Courts folL PL xxv. XXVIl.-Jaulian: Relief in niche • 114 XXVllI.-View. of Bhallar Stupa • 116 XXIX.-Map of Taxila • 120 SHORT BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABBREVIATIONS • A. S. R. •• ArclireolQUical Survey 0/ India, Reports of the Director General (Sir John Ma.rshall) • • Parts I and II from 1902. O. I. I. • OorP1.UJ I1I8criptionum Indicarum. e. S. R. • Archmnlogical Survey 0/ India, Reports of Sir Alex. Cunningham• E. I •• • • Epigraphia Indica. I. A. • Indian Antiquary. J. A. •• • .Journal ABiatiqu/l, ,J. R. A. S.. Journal 0/ the Royal Asiatic Society. BEAL, SAMDEL.-See Hiuen Thsang. - CUNNINGHAM, Sm ALEx.-Ooins 0/ Alexander'8 SUCCes8or8 in the East, the Greeks and Indo-Scythians, Part I.-The Greeks 01 Baktriana, Ariana and India j London, 1869. Ooins 01 Ancient India from the earliest times to the 8eventh century A.D. ; London, 1891. 00i1l8 0/ Medimval India from the 8eventh century down to the Muhammadan conquests; London, 1894. Arch. Surv. Reports (C. S. R.), Vols. I, II, V; Simla, Calcutta, 1871, 1875• .FA HIEN.-A record of Buddhist kingdoms being an account 01 his travels in India and Veylon (A.D. 399-414). Trans. and annot. by James Legge; Oxford, 1886. FERGUSSON, SIR J.-History 0/ Indian and Eastern Architecture; 2nd ed., London, 1910•• FOUCHER, ALFRED.-L'A,., greco-bouddhique du Gandhira " Paris, 1905; Etude sur fIconographie bouddhique ~ "Inde; Paris, 1900, 1905. GARDNER, PERoY.-The Ooins• 0/ Greek and Scythic king8 01 Bactria and IMia in. the Briti8h Museum;. London, 1886. 119 120 ~HORT BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH AB~REVlATIONS r GRONW~DEL, PROF. A.-Buddhiatische Krnst in Indien .. 2nll ed., Berlin, 1900. English trans. by A•. C. Gibson and J. Burgess; London, 1901. HmEN THSANG (HSii'AN TSANG).-Si.y&"ki, Buddhist records of the Western World. Trans. by Samuel Beal, Vo19. I·II ; London, 1884.. J ataka or ~tpries 01 the Buddlw,' s former birtl18:- Engl. trans.• ed. by E. B. Cowell; Vols. I·VII; Cambridge, 1895.1901. , ' r. MARSHALL, SIR JOHN.-Annual 'Reports 0/ tl~e Dir.ector General 01 ArclUEology .. Calcutta, 1912'>13, Pta. I and II; 1913·14, Pt. I ; 1914·15, Pta. I and II; 1915·16, Pta. I and Ik McCRlNDLE, J. W.-Ancient Tndia as described by Megasthenes ,and Arrian (From the Indian' Antiquary); Calcutta, Bombay, London, 1877. The Invalion 01 India by, Alexander the Great as described by Arrian, Q. CurtiUB, Diodorus, Plutarch and Justin.. Westminis~r, 1896. Ancient India .as described in cla8sical literature, being' a collection of (}ree~ and Latin texts relating to India~cted from H~odotUB, Strabo, DiodorUB SiculUB, Pliny, delian, Phiwstratus, etc .. Westminister, 1901. ' .PHILOSTRATUS.-Tke Lile 01 Apolloniua of Tyana, with an English translation by F. C. Conybeare; New York, 1912. RApSON,E. J.-Ancient India .. Cambridge, 1914. sMITH, VINCENT.-Catalogue 01 the Coins in the Indian MUseum, Cal.:utta .. 1906. Asoka; the Buddhist· Emperor 01 India, 2ud ed. ; Oxford, 1909. A history ,of. fine Art in India and Ceylon .. Oxford, 19110 Early History of India [= E. H. 1.] 3rd Ed.; Oxford, 1914. WnITEHEAD, R. B.-Catalogue 01 Coi'1I8 in 'ehe Panjab Museum, Lahore .. Oxford, 1914. , ~WATTERS, THoMA~.-On Yuan Chwang's travels in India. Vols. l' I and II ; London, .1904.05. WILSON, H. H.....:..Ariana Anti!l~ .. l-0ndon, 1841: (" o 100 ero 'f0 400 4IfO ~ 6fo 90IJ /O~ard" 'mPV"t H A z R 77U'ItUm<lirtte lind mound8 remam3 Orr! K H .. .... 0 (0) . ~O ~.,.,. ,I A I .. R.o. No. 4762 E 17 GLOSSARY ACROPOLIs.~(G,.=high cit,.,. The citadel or highest part of a Greek city, usually situated on an eminence commanding the rest of the town. ANT.IE.-Pilasters terminating the side walls of a classic building. APsE.-The termination of a building, circular, multangular · or semi-circular in plan, with a domical or vaulted roof. · . The tJrm was first applied to a Roman basilica. ABcIIITRlvE.-The beam or lowest division of the entablature, which,~ t;.mediatelY on the column. AS~-Square stonework in reg"war courses, in contra- • distinction to rubble work. ATIANTEs.-Sculptured figures of men used in place of columns · 01' plfasters, supporting or seeming to support a mass above them. Female figures used for the sa'Dle purpose are known as Caryatides. BALUSTER.~A small pillar supporting li""handrail or coping. the whole being called a balustrade. .. BARBICAN.-An outwork intended to defend the entra.nce to a caStle or fortified town. BODmSATTVA._-See page 39. footnote 2. CA.NTlIA.Bus:.-A two-handled drinking cupr Greek pattern. CAVETTO.-A small concave moulding. CoPING.-The capping of a ",all or balustrade. CoRBEL.-A block projecting from a wall to lilupport a superin. cumbent weight. CoBNICE.-In Greek architecture. the highest part of the enta­ blature ~ting on the frieztf; any moulded llroiection which 121 122 GLOSSARY crowns the part to which it is affixed. llaking cornice~ a cornice inclining from the horizontaf. CYMA.-A moulding of which the profile Cis a double curve, concave and convex. Oyma Recta, in whiclJ. the concavlt curve surmounts the convex; cyma ".eversa, in which thlt convex surmounts the concave.
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    ISBN 978-92-3-102846-5 THE GREEK KINGDOMS OF CENTRAL ASIA 4 THE GREEK KINGDOMS OF CENTRAL ASIA* P. Bernard Contents Political history ..................................... 97 The Indian campaigns .................................. 99 The last phase ...................................... 100 Graeco-Bactrian sites .................................. 101 The Greek settlements .................................. 102 Greek and the local language: epigraphic documents .................. 103 Towns and urbanization ................................. 105 Architecture: the palace at Ay Khanum ......................... 107 The originality of Graeco-Bactrian architecture .................... 109 Domestic architecture .................................. 111 Religions and religious monuments ........................... 112 Local cults and Buddhist influence ........................... 114 The figurative arts .................................... 115 Everyday implements .................................. 118 Trade and trade routes .................................. 121 Coinage ......................................... 123 The Greek heritage in Central Asia ........................... 124 * See Map 3. 96 ISBN 978-92-3-102846-5 Political history Political history Written sources for the history of Greek rule in Central Asia are scarce and fragmentary. The works of classical antiquity that dealt with the subject have been lost; all that remain are some fragments: Polybius’ account of the expedition of Antiochus III which survives in mutilated form, X.27–31, 49
  • Ancient West & East

    Ancient West & East

    ANCIENT WEST & EAST Monograph Supplement Series COLLOQUIA ANTIQUA ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Prof. Gocha R. Tsetskhladze (Editor-in-Chief) The Gallery Spa Road Llandrindod Wells Powys LD1 5ER UK [email protected] ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• PUBLISHER: Peeters Publishers, Bondgenotenlaan 153, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium http://poj.peeters-leuven.be/content.php?url=journal&journal_code=AWE http://www.peeters-leuven.be/search_serie_book.asp?nr=260 AWE is abstracted and indexed in the European Reference Index for the Humanities and Social Sciences, the Index Islamicus; CrossRef; Thomson Scientific Links ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 15 August 2016 TO WHOM MAY IT CONCERN This is to confirm that the article REVISITING TAXILA: A NEW APPROACH TO THE GRECO-BUDDHIST ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD by Dr. M.E.J.J. van Aerde of the Faculty of Archaeology, University of Leiden, has been accepted for publication in the journal Ancient West and East having undergone blind double refereeing. The author made some changes according to the recommendations made by the referees and resubmitted her paper. It will appear in the 2018 issue of the journal (vol. 17). If you have any questions, please get in touch with me by e-mail. Gocha R. Tsetskhladze, DPhil
  • Village List of Campbellpur , Pakistan

    Village List of Campbellpur , Pakistan

    - C.n$US SI-No. 30t ~I), M.lnt.~. - 300 CENSUS OF PAKISTAN, 1951 VILLAGE LIST ---_._----- _.,- PUNJAB Rawalpindi Division OF THE PROVINCIAL re,NOENT CENSUS, Jun. 1951 BAHAWALPUR, i'iP Prh:..... 8 FORE'NORD Th:s Village List has been prep:1red from the material collected in con· nection with the Census of Paki~tan, 1951. The object of the List is to present useful Information about our vilbges. It was considered that in a predominantly rural country like Pakistan, reliable village statistics should be available and it Is hoped that the Village list. will·form the b;:;_;;.i:i for the continued collection of such statistics. A summary table of the totals for each tehsil showing its area to the nearest square mile, and its population and th,~ number of houses to the nearest hundred is given on page I together with the page number on which each tehsil begins. The general village table. which has been compiled district-wise and arranged tehsil·wise, appears on page 3 et seq. Witilin each tehsil t.he Revenue Kanungo holqos are $hown according to their ord2r in the census records. The Village in which the R~venue f<onungo uSiI:dly re~ides is printed in bold type at the beginning of each Kommrn ho!q,J and the remaining vilbges comprising the iJ(J/C!os. ::lfC shown thereunder in the order of their revenue hodbaH numbers, whkh Zlre given in column o. Rakhs (uee plant::tticlls) :lnd other similar areas; ,=ven whNe they are allotted separat.e revenue hadbast numb(;rs have not been shown as they were not reported in the Charge and Household summaries, to be Inhabjt{~d.
  • The Classical Influence on the Representation of Women in the Art of Buddhist Gandhara Senior Honors Thesis Presented to The

    The Classical Influence on the Representation of Women in the Art of Buddhist Gandhara Senior Honors Thesis Presented to The

    The Classical Influence on the Representation of Women in the Art of Buddhist Gandhara Senior Honors Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Fine Arts Brandeis University Undergraduate Program in Department of Art History Charles McClendon, Advisor In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts By Rishika Vijay Assomull May, 2013 ! ! Copyright by Rishika Vijay Assomull © 2013 Committee members: Charles McClendon Harleen Singh Andrew Koh ! ! ! ! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis marks the end of a challenging and enriching journey for which there are many people that I would like to acknowledge I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my primary thesis advisor, Professor Charles McClendon. It has been an absolute honor to work with someone with such breadth of knowledge. I have walked out of his office every Tuesday afternoon for one year having learned something new and feeling inspired to research and write. His humble and patient nature, consistent encouragement and sustained interest have truly made this process a cherished and memorable experience for me. I cannot overstate my gratitude to my thesis readers, Professor Harleen Singh, a dear professor always ready to provide valuable perspective regarding Indian mythology, and Professor Andrew Koh, whose insight into the trade along the Silk Road and contagious enthusiasm propelled me forward. I am grateful for my sincere friends at Brandeis University, who were always interested in listening to my exciting discoveries on the art of Gandhara: Sidra Ahmed, Tripti Singh, Debbie Salmon, Amit Kang, Monica Lustgarden and Doug Schwartz. I would also like to thank my precious friends from home, Nadine Ames and Sanjana Mahtani, along with my cousin Nikita Kirpalani who came with me to the Gandharan exhibit at the Asia Society where my interest in the subject was first stirred.