DOCSLIB.ORG

GIPE-255932-Contents.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
GIPE-255932-Contents.Pdf _.. :n1 Dhananjayarao GadgiJ Library 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111 GIPE-PUNE~255932 PLATE I. HEAD OF DIONYSUS, SIRKAP. I'hoto," 'II",mn'd & I'rilllt',\ ILt, t.\u. OIl\Cc~ of the S\1l'\'I'Y 111 flllli .... Clllcuttn. 1018, A GUIDE TO T AXILA BY SIR JOHN MARSHALL .. KT., C.I.E.,' M.A., Litl.D., F.S ...., Hon.A,R.I.B.A., ETC., Director General of A~~fiy'.Jn(Ija,}".l.' t-;:~ !:' '11'." .. p •.'"'C; O~ IN IA SOc:,t;""4..·~~ t· ~~ lr( '\ " .. ~ .. 4i.:' I. P.O.TANOON RD. ~.'l , -~ ALI ~LH~AO ~ . ~Y'\'V'\.- -t> . ~-.-~. CALCUTI'A SUPERINTENDENT COVERNMENT PRINTING, iNDIA 1918 Price R" 3 or 4 .. 6J. I \j ~: 7\' 'l G177 ~T' C E~ ~65q'2>-2- CHAVTD PAGE "- J.-TOPOOB.!.PHY • ". 1 I<ooation of Tama &nd oharacter of ooantry >in anoient times, I; BlUr ll1()und. 3; Sirkap. 4:; Babar Khina, or Kachohi Kot;. Ii I Sirsnkh. 8; Monuments outside the oities, 6. H.-HISTORY 8 Persian Empire, 8; Alexander the Great. 9 ; Seleucus Nicii.to~, 10 '; Maurya Empire, ll. Bactrian Greeks, 11; Scythians and Parthians, 12; Apollonius of Tyana. "14; Hermoous and the KusMns. 16 ; Destruction by the Huns, i 7 ; Hsiian !l'sang, 17; Modem explorations. 18; Chronology of important events connected with ,TaxiIa, 20 • • III.-ART • • • • 23 Achoomenian, 23 ; Mauryan, 24 ; Greek, Scythia and Parthian, 25 ; Gandharan. 30 ; liVluence of Greek Art in India, 32, ~¥! iv CONTENTS CHA!".tEB PolOB IV.-THE DlWWABl.JIX1 STU'PA • 36 The main structure. 37; sma.ll, circular stiipas around the ~a.in -structure, 39; Circle of sma.ll chapels. 41; ComIecu. ,tive types of masonry. 42; Minor anti· quities from chapels roqp.d Main Stiipa. 4.3 ; Sttipa. Jl, 44; Stiipa JI. 45; Stiipas NI·II, 46; Chapels N17 and Nl8, 46; Stiipa N', 47; Buildings pI and pi, 48 ; Tank, 48;, Stiipas KI and pe., 48; Stiipa Kl. 4,9; View of the ilite and the surrounding country, 49; Building 'JIl. 50 ; Two pitllM', ,51; Chapels Gl.8. 51; Inscription of the year 136, 52; Chapel RI. 54; Building L, 55; Apsidal, temple 18, 55; Chapels E and Fl. 57. V.-ST'UPA 011' KUNAu • • • 59 Identification of the ~t~pa. 59; Description. 61; Monastery. 64. VI.-SmXAP • , • • 65 City wall. 65;. Palace. 66 ; Plan of houses. '10; ,Shrine in 'Block A, 73; Shrine of the double·headed eagle in block F, 73 i Aramaio Inscription. 75; Minor 'antiquities of Sirkap. ~; Jewellery from House E. 77; from chamb~r C1I. -77; .from north sida of Central Courtyard, 80: Apsidal temple D, 81; Stiipa Court A. 83: City Gate, 84. CONTENTS v CHAPTER PAGE VII.-J~:pI1L • 86 1.'emple. 86; Stiipas and monastery in Mound. B, 92; Stiipa A, 93. VlIL~SmSUXH, L1LoRAX AND -B.1DALPUB .. • 94 Position of Sirsukh, 94; Sirsukh fortifica­ tions, 9!;. To£kiitii., 96; Litlchak, 98; Buddhist stiipa; and Monastery, 98; Stiipa. I, 100; Stiipa. II. 101; BadaJpur, 101. IX,-MoHJit.1 MORADU, JAULIAN, ETO. • 103 Position of Mobrit Moradu, .... 103 ; Stiipa I. 104; Stiipa. II, 106; Monastery, 106; Jauliitii, 110; Stiipa. Courts, 111 ; Monastery, 113; Bhallar Stilpa, 115; Bbir mound, 117. SHORT BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABBBEVIATIONIl • ., • 119 GLOSSARY. • 121 LIST OF PLATES· FACING PuTE PAGE . _ I.-Head of Dionysus, Sirkap • Fronti81riece 1I.-Coins- .. 24 III:-Coins \ 0 28 IV• .....:.Plan of the.Dharmarajika Stupa 0 36 V.-Gonsecutive types of masonry 0 • 42 v;r.-Dharmarajika Stupa: (a-d} Tel'Jlacotta and stucco heads • 0' 44 V1I.-Dharmarajika Stupa: Silver scroll inscription and transcript • 52- V1I1.-Dharmarajika Stupa: Gandhara reliefs: (a) Offering to Buddha 8.fter his enlightenment; (b) The first sermon • 56 IX.-View of the Dharmarajika Stupa from North 58 X.-View of the Kunala Stupa trom N.-W. • 60 XI.-Sirkap: Plan of Palace -68 XII.-Sirkap: View of shrine of the double-headed eagle • 74 XIII.-(a) Sirkap: Aramaio Insoription; (b) Jaulian: Stupa oasket 0 76 XIV• ....,..Sirkap : Plan of Houses E and F an~ Apsidal temple D '. • • 0 • foIl. Pl. xiii. Xl".-Sirkap: Figure of Ha.rpoorates 0 • 78 XVI.-Sirkap: Jewellery from House E and other objects • •• foll. PI! xv. vii viii LIS~ ~F PLATES FACING PLATE· FAGlil XVlL-(a) Sirkap: Jewellery • 80 (b) Ditto. XVill.-Jandial Temple .:Plan • 86 XIX.-ViewoS Jandial Temple • c • 88 xx.-Viewof Lalchak Monastery • ioo XXI.-General,view of Mohra Moradu Monaster;y • 104 XXIl.-Mohra Moradu: Relief on ~tupa I • 106(' ~L-Mohra Moradu Monastery: Stupa in Cell • 108 xnr.-Mohra Moradu Monastery: GandharaBculp. , ture • 110 XXV.-Excavations at Jaulian: Plan ~ 112 XXVl.-Jaullan: General vie,! of Stupa Courts folL PL xxv. XXVIl.-Jaulian: Relief in niche • 114 XXVllI.-View. of Bhallar Stupa • 116 XXIX.-Map of Taxila • 120 SHORT BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABBREVIATIONS • A. S. R. •• ArclireolQUical Survey 0/ India, Reports of the Director General (Sir John Ma.rshall) • • Parts I and II from 1902. O. I. I. • OorP1.UJ I1I8criptionum Indicarum. e. S. R. • Archmnlogical Survey 0/ India, Reports of Sir Alex. Cunningham• E. I •• • • Epigraphia Indica. I. A. • Indian Antiquary. J. A. •• • .Journal ABiatiqu/l, ,J. R. A. S.. Journal 0/ the Royal Asiatic Society. BEAL, SAMDEL.-See Hiuen Thsang. - CUNNINGHAM, Sm ALEx.-Ooins 0/ Alexander'8 SUCCes8or8 in the East, the Greeks and Indo-Scythians, Part I.-The Greeks 01 Baktriana, Ariana and India j London, 1869. Ooins 01 Ancient India from the earliest times to the 8eventh century A.D. ; London, 1891. 00i1l8 0/ Medimval India from the 8eventh century down to the Muhammadan conquests; London, 1894. Arch. Surv. Reports (C. S. R.), Vols. I, II, V; Simla, Calcutta, 1871, 1875• .FA HIEN.-A record of Buddhist kingdoms being an account 01 his travels in India and Veylon (A.D. 399-414). Trans. and annot. by James Legge; Oxford, 1886. FERGUSSON, SIR J.-History 0/ Indian and Eastern Architecture; 2nd ed., London, 1910•• FOUCHER, ALFRED.-L'A,., greco-bouddhique du Gandhira " Paris, 1905; Etude sur fIconographie bouddhique ~ "Inde; Paris, 1900, 1905. GARDNER, PERoY.-The Ooins• 0/ Greek and Scythic king8 01 Bactria and IMia in. the Briti8h Museum;. London, 1886. 119 120 ~HORT BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH AB~REVlATIONS r GRONW~DEL, PROF. A.-Buddhiatische Krnst in Indien .. 2nll ed., Berlin, 1900. English trans. by A•. C. Gibson and J. Burgess; London, 1901. HmEN THSANG (HSii'AN TSANG).-Si.y&"ki, Buddhist records of the Western World. Trans. by Samuel Beal, Vo19. I·II ; London, 1884.. J ataka or ~tpries 01 the Buddlw,' s former birtl18:- Engl. trans.• ed. by E. B. Cowell; Vols. I·VII; Cambridge, 1895.1901. , ' r. MARSHALL, SIR JOHN.-Annual 'Reports 0/ tl~e Dir.ector General 01 ArclUEology .. Calcutta, 1912'>13, Pta. I and II; 1913·14, Pt. I ; 1914·15, Pta. I and II; 1915·16, Pta. I and Ik McCRlNDLE, J. W.-Ancient Tndia as described by Megasthenes ,and Arrian (From the Indian' Antiquary); Calcutta, Bombay, London, 1877. The Invalion 01 India by, Alexander the Great as described by Arrian, Q. CurtiUB, Diodorus, Plutarch and Justin.. Westminis~r, 1896. Ancient India .as described in cla8sical literature, being' a collection of (}ree~ and Latin texts relating to India~cted from H~odotUB, Strabo, DiodorUB SiculUB, Pliny, delian, Phiwstratus, etc .. Westminister, 1901. ' .PHILOSTRATUS.-Tke Lile 01 Apolloniua of Tyana, with an English translation by F. C. Conybeare; New York, 1912. RApSON,E. J.-Ancient India .. Cambridge, 1914. sMITH, VINCENT.-Catalogue 01 the Coins in the Indian MUseum, Cal.:utta .. 1906. Asoka; the Buddhist· Emperor 01 India, 2ud ed. ; Oxford, 1909. A history ,of. fine Art in India and Ceylon .. Oxford, 19110 Early History of India [= E. H. 1.] 3rd Ed.; Oxford, 1914. WnITEHEAD, R. B.-Catalogue 01 Coi'1I8 in 'ehe Panjab Museum, Lahore .. Oxford, 1914. , ~WATTERS, THoMA~.-On Yuan Chwang's travels in India. Vols. l' I and II ; London, .1904.05. WILSON, H. H.....:..Ariana Anti!l~ .. l-0ndon, 1841: (" o 100 ero 'f0 400 4IfO ~ 6fo 90IJ /O~ard" 'mPV"t H A z R 77U'ItUm<lirtte lind mound8 remam3 Orr! K H .. .... 0 (0) . ~O ~.,.,. ,I A I .. R.o. No. 4762 E 17 GLOSSARY ACROPOLIs.~(G,.=high cit,.,. The citadel or highest part of a Greek city, usually situated on an eminence commanding the rest of the town. ANT.IE.-Pilasters terminating the side walls of a classic building. APsE.-The termination of a building, circular, multangular · or semi-circular in plan, with a domical or vaulted roof. · . The tJrm was first applied to a Roman basilica. ABcIIITRlvE.-The beam or lowest division of the entablature, which,~ t;.mediatelY on the column. AS~-Square stonework in reg"war courses, in contra- • distinction to rubble work. ATIANTEs.-Sculptured figures of men used in place of columns · 01' plfasters, supporting or seeming to support a mass above them. Female figures used for the sa'Dle purpose are known as Caryatides. BALUSTER.~A small pillar supporting li""handrail or coping. the whole being called a balustrade. .. BARBICAN.-An outwork intended to defend the entra.nce to a caStle or fortified town. BODmSATTVA._-See page 39. footnote 2. CA.NTlIA.Bus:.-A two-handled drinking cupr Greek pattern. CAVETTO.-A small concave moulding. CoPING.-The capping of a ",all or balustrade. CoRBEL.-A block projecting from a wall to lilupport a superin. cumbent weight. CoBNICE.-In Greek architecture. the highest part of the enta­ blature ~ting on the frieztf; any moulded llroiection which 121 122 GLOSSARY crowns the part to which it is affixed. llaking cornice~ a cornice inclining from the horizontaf. CYMA.-A moulding of which the profile Cis a double curve, concave and convex. Oyma Recta, in whiclJ. the concavlt curve surmounts the convex; cyma ".eversa, in which thlt convex surmounts the concave.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Punjab Tourism for Economic Growth Final Report Consortium for Development Policy Research
    Punjab Tourism for Economic Growth Final Report Consortium for Development Policy Research ABSTRACT This report documents the technical support provided by the Design Team, deployed by CDPR, and covers the recommendations for institutional and regulatory reforms as well as a proposed private sector participation framework for tourism sector in Punjab, in the context of religious tourism, to stimulate investment and economic growth. Pakistan: Cultural and Heritage Tourism Project ---------------------- (Back of the title page) ---------------------- This page is intentionally left blank. 2 Consortium for Development Policy Research Pakistan: Cultural and Heritage Tourism Project TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS 56 LIST OF FIGURES 78 LIST OF TABLES 89 LIST OF BOXES 910 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1011 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1112 1 BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 1819 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1819 1.2 PAKISTAN’S TOURISM SECTOR 1819 1.3 TRAVEL AND TOURISM COMPETITIVENESS 2324 1.4 ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF TOURISM SECTOR 2526 1.4.1 INTERNATIONAL TOURISM 2526 1.4.2 DOMESTIC TOURISM 2627 1.5 ECONOMIC POTENTIAL HERITAGE / RELIGIOUS TOURISM 2728 1.5.1 SIKH TOURISM - A CASE STUDY 2930 1.5.2 BUDDHIST TOURISM - A CASE STUDY 3536 1.6 DEVELOPING TOURISM - KEY ISSUES & CHALLENGES 3738 1.6.1 CHALLENGES FACED BY TOURISM SECTOR IN PUNJAB 3738 1.6.2 CHALLENGES SPECIFIC TO HERITAGE TOURISM 3940 2 EXISTING INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR TOURISM SECTOR 4344 2.1 CURRENT INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 4344 2.1.1 YOUTH AFFAIRS, SPORTS, ARCHAEOLOGY AND TOURISM
    [Show full text]
  • KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PROVINCE and NORTHERN AREAS PROTECTED by the FEERAL GOVERNMENT Abbottabad District 1
    ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES AND MONUMENTS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PROVINCE AND NORTHERN AREAS PROTECTED BY THE FEERAL GOVERNMENT Abbottabad District 1. Jandial, A,B,C,D, (excavated remains), Tafikian, Abbottabad. 2. Sirsukh city, Marchabad, Abbottabad. 3. Jaulian site, Jaulian, Abbottabad. 4. Piplan site, Jaulian, Abbottabad. 5. Garhian (Lal Chak) stupa and monastery, Garhian, Abbottabad. 6. Badalpur stupa and monastery, Badalpur, Abbottabad. 7. Ancient stie, Bhamala, Abbottabad. 8. Tofikian mound, Tofikian, Abbottabad. 9. Therr Bajran Sites B,C,D, Tofikian, Abbottabad. 10. Pind Ghakhran mound, Pind Ghakhran, Abbottabad. 11. Mirpur mound, Mirpur, Abbottabad. 12. Tope iste (mound), Jaulian, Abbottabad. 13. Bhera (mound) Bhera, Abbottabad. 14. Chitti site, Chitti, Abbottabad. 15. Tarnawa Chitti site A & B, Tarawa, Abbottabad. 16. Burj or Tuma site, Garamthun, Abbottabad. 17. Bhari Dheri, Kutehra, Abbottabad. 18. Dana Wali, Kutehra, Abbottabad. 19. Tope site, Kamalpur, Abbottabad. 20. Part of site, Dobandi, Abbottabad. 21. Zuro Dheri, Village Shin kiari, Abbottabad. Bannu District 22. Akra (A) mound, near Village Bhart, Bannu. 23. Akra (B) mound, near Village, Vhart, Bannu. 24. Sheri Khan Tarakai, Village Jani Khel Wazir, Bannu. 25. Ghundai, Village Bakka, Khel Wazir, Bannu. Buner District 26. Ranighat Totalai, Buner. Dera Ismail Khan District 27. Northern Kafir Kot, ancient fort and temple, Umer Khel, D.I.Khan. 28. Graveryard including four tombs at Lal Mohra Sharif, Lunda Pahar, D.I.Khan 29. Rehman Dheri, Hisam, D.I.Khan. 31. Southern Kafir Kot, ancient fort and temple, Bilot, D.I.Khan. Kohat District 32. Kohat fort, Kohat. Mansehra District 33. Tomb of Hazrat Shaheed Ahmad Maujadid Baralvi, Bala Kot, Mansehra. 34. Tomb of Shah Ismail Shaheed, Bala Kot, Mansehra.
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan Archaeology
    Pakistan Archaeology Number 32-2017 DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN ISLAMABAD i Pakistan Archaeology Number 32-2017 ii Pakistan Archaeology Number 32-2017 Chief Editor Abdul Azeem Editor Mahmood-ul-Hasan DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN ISLAMABAD iii BOARD OF EDITORS Dr. Abdul Azeem Dr. Aurore DIDIER Director, Director, Department of Archaeology and French Archaeological Mission in Museums, Government of Pakistan, the Indus Basin Islamabad CNRS-UMR 7041/ArScAn 21, allee de l’Universite 92023 Nanterre Cedex-France Mahmood-ul-Hasan Dr. Chongfeng Li Assistant Director, Professor of Buddhist Art and Department of Archaeology and Archaeology, Museums, Government of Pakistan, Peking University, Islamabad School of Archaeology and Museology, Beijing, China Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf Dr. Luca M. Olivieri Khan Director, Former Director, Taxila Institute of Italian Archaeological Mission in Asian Civilizations, Quaid-i-Azam Pakistan University, Plazzo Baleani, Islamabad, Pakistan Corso Vittorio Emanuele, Rome, Italy Mr. Saleem-ul-Haq Dr. Pia Brancaccio Former Director, Associate Professor, Department of Archaeology and Department of Art and Art History, Museums, Government of Punjab, Drexel University, Lahore, Pakistan Westphal College of Media Arts and Design, Philadelphia, USA iv © Department of Archaeology and Museums, Pakistan 2017 ISSN 0078-7868 Price in Pakistan: Rs. 1000.00 Foreign Price U. S. $ 40 Published by The Department of Archaeology and Museums Government of Pakistan, Islamabad Printed by Graphics Point Pak Media Foundation Building, G-8 Mrkaz, Islamabad, Pakistan v CONTENTS Illustrations……………………………………………….. vii Editorial…………………………………………………... xii Explorations Discovery of Rock art in Azad Jammu and Kashmir 15 M. Ashraf Khan and Sundus Aslam Khan and Saqib Raza……..
    [Show full text]
  • Current Status of Management and Protection of Taxila World Heritage Site, Pakistan Pakistan’Daki Taxila Dünya Mirası Alanında Yönetim Ve Korumanın Mevcut Durumu
    Current Status of Management and Protection of Taxila World Heritage Site, Pakistan Pakistan’daki Taxila Dünya Mirası Alanında Yönetim ve Korumanın Mevcut Durumu Mehmet SOMUNCU¹∗, Ashfaq Ahmad KHAN¹ ¹Department of Geography, Ankara University, Ankara Abstract: Taxila is one of the six World Heritage Sites of Pakistan. Taxila World Heritage Site is facing several problems resulting from various management issues and the current land use problems like almost all developing countries. It is necessary at first to identify current status and related issues for effective management and conservation of Taxila World Heritage Site. New management strategies and policies have to be determined based on these updated data. Research was conducted in March 2010 at Taxila World Heritage Site and observations were made to query about current situation and related problems. Results of research findings are considered bases for development of effective management policies and strategies for the conservation and protection of Taxila World Heritage Site. Key words: Taxila, World heritage, Protection of world heritage, Management of world heritage, UNESCO, Pakistan. Özet: Taxila Pakistan’daki altı Dünya Mirası Alanından birisidir. Hemen bütün gelişmekte olan ülkelerde olduğu gibi Taxila Dünya Mirası Alanı da çeşitli yönetim ve güncel arazi kullanımlarından kaynaklanan sorunlarla karşı karşıyadır. Taxila Dünya Mirası Alanının korunması ve etkin yönetiminin sağlanması için öncelikle mevcut durum ve sorunlarının saptanması, elde edilen bu güncel verilere dayalı olarak yeni bir yönetim stratejisi ve politikasının belirlenmesi zorunludur. Bu amaca yönelik olarak 2010 yılı Mart ayında yerinde yapılan araştırma ve gözlemlerle Taxila Dünya Mirası Alanının güncel durumu sorgulanmış ve sorunları saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulguların, Taxila Dünya Mirası Alanının korunması ve etkin yönetimi için geliştirilecek politika ve stratejilere temel oluşturucağı düşünülmektedir.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of Earliest Buddhist Period Settlements in Region
    STUDY OF EARLIEST BUDDHIST PERIOD SETTLEMENTS IN REGION OF TAXILA PAKISTAN YASMEEN ABID MAAN AND MARYAM JAMIL Abstract Pakistan inherits most sporadic civilizations as well as cultures spanning over a considerable length of historical eras. The city of Taxila predominantly became known to Europe after Alexander the Great invaded India; was located at the head of the Sind Sagar Doab between the Indus and Jhelum rivers; in the shadow of Murree Hills towards western plain. A vast series of Buddhist marvels of art and architecture were found here in a time period straddling between 1st to 5th Century BC and were later on also enlisted in UNESCO World heritage Site. This study focuses on earliest Buddhist settlement as a unique stand out culture among the contemporaneous cultures in the world. The most symbolic architectural specimens have been excavated in this valley. The present work presents archaeological investigation in this valley that has laid bare the remains of three settlements i.e. Bhir Mound, Sirkap and Sirsukh a host of stupas and monasteries at Jaulian and Mohra Moradu in terms of city planning, street layouts, sewage and drainage with use of rock cut masonry. Keywords: Civilization, Buddhist, Settlement, Region of Taxila Introduction Pakistan owing to its large possession of ancient civilizations; Harappa as being an important constituent; prospered in the Indus valley between third & second millennia BC is termed as unique and stands out amongst synchronous cultures of the world. With its decay, the localized culture continues to flourish with a new phenomenal revival, after the name of territory of Gandhara it developed in, took the best of northeast Pakistan about the middle of first 279 millennium BC to 7th century AD.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxila – an Alternative Urbanisation Between the Silk Road and the Uttarāpatha (The Northern Road)
    Indian Journal of History of Science, 51.4 (2016) 644-652 DOI: 10.16943/ijhs/2016/v51/i4/41240 Taxila – An Alternative Urbanisation Between the Silk Road and the Uttarāpatha (the Northern Road) Surajit Sarkar* (Received 07 December 2015) Abstract The archaeological record shows that Taxila, the caravan city at the junction of the South Asian routes with those from Central Asia, had a series of substantative expansions in the almost thousand years of its active existence. However, the first fortifications appeared only in the latter half of its existence. This indicates a political history of the new urbanisation that is quite disctinctive and assimilative, rather than wary and confrontational. An emphasis on mobility and movement, rather than political and military relations, makes the history of urban development along the trade routes of antiquity quite dissimilar from contemporaneous Hellenic or Chinese cultures of the time located at either end of the Silk Road. Social accommodation for economic advancement seems to have been the guiding principle not only for the trading community, but their political masters as well, despite the changing of their individual kingdoms. Key words - Gandhāra, Local beliefs, Nomads, Trade, Urban Archaeology. 1. INTRODUCTION inhabitants. Apart from this, there must have “This (Taxila) was above 2000 li in curcuit, the been smaller states, chiefdoms and tribal capital being above 10 li in curcuit. The chiefs were principalities. in a state of open feud, the royal family being Taxila (Takaśilā), was the capital of the extinguished: the country had formerly been subject to Kapisa but now it was a dependency of Gandhāra mahājanapada (republic), the region of Kashmir; it had a fertile soil and bore good crops, modern Peshawar and Rawalpindi districts and the with flowing streams and luxuriant vegetation; the Kashmir valley.
    [Show full text]
  • Abdus Sattar Abbasi Tourism Destinations in Pakistan
    TOURISM DESTINATIONS IN PAKISTAN Abdus Sattar Abbasi Tourism Destinations in Pakistan i Tourism Destinations in Pakistan Contents in Brief Chapter 1 Adventure Tourism 1 Chapter 2 Leisure Tourism 29 Chapter 3 Sufi Tourism 53 Chapter 4 Dawah Tourism 73 Chapter 5 Sikh Religious Tourism 95 Chapter 6 Buddhist Religious Tourism 115 Chapter 7 Hindu Religious Tourism 129 Chapter 8 Christian Religious Tourism 143 Chapter 9 Famous Mosques 159 Chapter 10 Islamic Architectural Heritage 183 Chapter 11 Archaeological Tourism 205 Index 219 Views about the Book 223 ii Tourism Destinations in Pakistan Contents in Detail Touristic Leisure.32 Contents in Brief. i Travel.33 Contents in Detail.ii Travel Facilitators.33 Preface. viii Travel Motivators.34 About Author.x Travel Barriers.34 Acknowledgements.xi Pakistan a Melting pot of Leisure and Halal Dedication. xiii Tourism.35 Adventure Tourism Levels of Permissbility.36 Introduction.1 Eid Play and Leisure.37 Convergence of Halal Tourism and Adventure Leisure Destinations.38 Tourism.1 Amazing Lakes.38 Adventure Tourism in Pakistan.4 Lake Saif-ul-Maluk.38 Rafting.4 Dudipatsar Lake.38 Types of Rafting.5 62 Canoeing and Kayaking.6 Satpara Lake.39 Aquatic Resources of Pakistan.8 Shangrila Lake.39 River Kunhar. 9 Lulusar Lake.40 Trekking.10 Beaches of Pakistan.41 Mountain Trekking.11 Kund Malir Beach.41 Desert Trekking.12 Daram Beach Jiwani.42 Skiing.15 Ormara Beach.42 Naltar.16 Gwadar Beach.43 Malam Jabba.17 Sonmiani Beach.44 Mountaineering.18 Valleys in Pakistan.45 Mountaineering Rules and Leepa Valley.45 Regulations.19 Samahni Valley.46 Caving.21 Kalash Valley.46 Shah Allah Ditta.21 Soon Sakesar Valley.47 Gondrani caves.22 Urak Valley.48 Khewra Mines.22 Murree, Galyat and Thandiani.49 Diving.23 Summary.51 Charna Island.24 Discussion Questions.51 Khanpur Lake.24 References.52 Summary.24 Sufi Tourism.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Taxila
    QforttcU HntuErBitg iCihrarg Stifnta, ^eu) ^artt -H.-D-.- G-r IS vv<3 Id. D5 I'LA'PK I. Hi'iAij (iF J>iiL\ysr.<. siJ;KAl'. A GUIDE TO TAXILA BY Sir JOHN MARSHALL, kt., c.i.e,, m.a., Litt.D., F.S.A., Hon.A.R.I.B.A., ETC., Director General of Archeology In India CALCUTTA SUPERINTENDENT GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA 1918 Price Rs. 3 or 4s. 63. The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924024121125 — ;; CONTENTS Chapter fAOE I. —TOPOQEAPHY 1 Location of Taxila 4nd character of country in ancient times, 1 ; Bliij? mound, 3 Sirkap, 4 ; Babar Khana or Kaohcha Kot, 5 ; Sirsukh, 6 ; Monuments outside the cities, 6. II. History 8 Persian Empire, 8 ; Alexander the Great, 9 ; Seleuous Nicato:, 10 ; Maurya Empire, 11. Bactrian Greeks, 11 ; Scythians and Parthians, 1 2 ; Apollonius of Tyana, 14 ; Hermans and the Knshans, 16 Dep-truction by the Huns, 17 ; Hsiian Tsang, 17; Modern explorations, 18; Chronology of important events connected with Taxila, 20. III.—Abt 23 Achsemenian, 23 ; Mauryan, 24 ; Greek, Scythio and Parthian, 25 ; Gandharan, 30 ; Influence of Greek Art in India, 32. — ;; IV CONTENTS Chaptee Page IV. The Dhaemaeajxka SitrPA . .35 The main structure, 37 ; small circular stupas around the main structure, 39 Circle of small chapels, 41 ; Consecu- tive types of masonry, 42 ; Blinor anti- quities from chapels round Main Stiipa, 43 ; Stiipa Ji, -14 ; Stupa J^, 45 ; Stupas N='-", 46; Chapels N" and N", 46; Stupa N', 47 ; Buildings P and V^ 48 ; Tank, 48; Stupas K' and P', 48; Stupa K', 49 ; View of the site and the surrounding country, 49 ; Building H', 50 ; G'-s, Two pits MS 51 ; Chapels 51 ; Inscription of the year 136, 52 ; Chapel R^, 54 ; Building L, 55 ; Apsidal temple l\ 55 ; Chapels E and F\ 57.
    [Show full text]
  • The Greek Kingdoms of Central Asia
    ISBN 978-92-3-102846-5 THE GREEK KINGDOMS OF CENTRAL ASIA 4 THE GREEK KINGDOMS OF CENTRAL ASIA* P. Bernard Contents Political history ..................................... 97 The Indian campaigns .................................. 99 The last phase ...................................... 100 Graeco-Bactrian sites .................................. 101 The Greek settlements .................................. 102 Greek and the local language: epigraphic documents .................. 103 Towns and urbanization ................................. 105 Architecture: the palace at Ay Khanum ......................... 107 The originality of Graeco-Bactrian architecture .................... 109 Domestic architecture .................................. 111 Religions and religious monuments ........................... 112 Local cults and Buddhist influence ........................... 114 The figurative arts .................................... 115 Everyday implements .................................. 118 Trade and trade routes .................................. 121 Coinage ......................................... 123 The Greek heritage in Central Asia ........................... 124 * See Map 3. 96 ISBN 978-92-3-102846-5 Political history Political history Written sources for the history of Greek rule in Central Asia are scarce and fragmentary. The works of classical antiquity that dealt with the subject have been lost; all that remain are some fragments: Polybius’ account of the expedition of Antiochus III which survives in mutilated form, X.27–31, 49
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient West & East
    ANCIENT WEST & EAST Monograph Supplement Series COLLOQUIA ANTIQUA ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Prof. Gocha R. Tsetskhladze (Editor-in-Chief) The Gallery Spa Road Llandrindod Wells Powys LD1 5ER UK [email protected] ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• PUBLISHER: Peeters Publishers, Bondgenotenlaan 153, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium http://poj.peeters-leuven.be/content.php?url=journal&journal_code=AWE http://www.peeters-leuven.be/search_serie_book.asp?nr=260 AWE is abstracted and indexed in the European Reference Index for the Humanities and Social Sciences, the Index Islamicus; CrossRef; Thomson Scientific Links ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 15 August 2016 TO WHOM MAY IT CONCERN This is to confirm that the article REVISITING TAXILA: A NEW APPROACH TO THE GRECO-BUDDHIST ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD by Dr. M.E.J.J. van Aerde of the Faculty of Archaeology, University of Leiden, has been accepted for publication in the journal Ancient West and East having undergone blind double refereeing. The author made some changes according to the recommendations made by the referees and resubmitted her paper. It will appear in the 2018 issue of the journal (vol. 17). If you have any questions, please get in touch with me by e-mail. Gocha R. Tsetskhladze, DPhil
    [Show full text]
  • Village List of Campbellpur , Pakistan
    - C.n$US SI-No. 30t ~I), M.lnt.~. - 300 CENSUS OF PAKISTAN, 1951 VILLAGE LIST ---_._----- _.,- PUNJAB Rawalpindi Division OF THE PROVINCIAL re,NOENT CENSUS, Jun. 1951 BAHAWALPUR, i'iP Prh:..... 8 FORE'NORD Th:s Village List has been prep:1red from the material collected in con· nection with the Census of Paki~tan, 1951. The object of the List is to present useful Information about our vilbges. It was considered that in a predominantly rural country like Pakistan, reliable village statistics should be available and it Is hoped that the Village list. will·form the b;:;_;;.i:i for the continued collection of such statistics. A summary table of the totals for each tehsil showing its area to the nearest square mile, and its population and th,~ number of houses to the nearest hundred is given on page I together with the page number on which each tehsil begins. The general village table. which has been compiled district-wise and arranged tehsil·wise, appears on page 3 et seq. Witilin each tehsil t.he Revenue Kanungo holqos are $hown according to their ord2r in the census records. The Village in which the R~venue f<onungo uSiI:dly re~ides is printed in bold type at the beginning of each Kommrn ho!q,J and the remaining vilbges comprising the iJ(J/C!os. ::lfC shown thereunder in the order of their revenue hodbaH numbers, whkh Zlre given in column o. Rakhs (uee plant::tticlls) :lnd other similar areas; ,=ven whNe they are allotted separat.e revenue hadbast numb(;rs have not been shown as they were not reported in the Charge and Household summaries, to be Inhabjt{~d.
    [Show full text]
  • The Classical Influence on the Representation of Women in the Art of Buddhist Gandhara Senior Honors Thesis Presented to The
    The Classical Influence on the Representation of Women in the Art of Buddhist Gandhara Senior Honors Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Fine Arts Brandeis University Undergraduate Program in Department of Art History Charles McClendon, Advisor In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts By Rishika Vijay Assomull May, 2013 ! ! Copyright by Rishika Vijay Assomull © 2013 Committee members: Charles McClendon Harleen Singh Andrew Koh ! ! ! ! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis marks the end of a challenging and enriching journey for which there are many people that I would like to acknowledge I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my primary thesis advisor, Professor Charles McClendon. It has been an absolute honor to work with someone with such breadth of knowledge. I have walked out of his office every Tuesday afternoon for one year having learned something new and feeling inspired to research and write. His humble and patient nature, consistent encouragement and sustained interest have truly made this process a cherished and memorable experience for me. I cannot overstate my gratitude to my thesis readers, Professor Harleen Singh, a dear professor always ready to provide valuable perspective regarding Indian mythology, and Professor Andrew Koh, whose insight into the trade along the Silk Road and contagious enthusiasm propelled me forward. I am grateful for my sincere friends at Brandeis University, who were always interested in listening to my exciting discoveries on the art of Gandhara: Sidra Ahmed, Tripti Singh, Debbie Salmon, Amit Kang, Monica Lustgarden and Doug Schwartz. I would also like to thank my precious friends from home, Nadine Ames and Sanjana Mahtani, along with my cousin Nikita Kirpalani who came with me to the Gandharan exhibit at the Asia Society where my interest in the subject was first stirred.
    [Show full text]