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World Heritage in Asia and Pacific WORLD HERITAGE IN ASIA AND PACIFIC ICOMOS Documentation Centre (November 2004) Description of the world heritage sites and bibliography available at the Documentation Centre 49-51, Rue de la Fédération, 75015 Paris, France Tel. 33 (0) 1 45 67 67 70 Fax. 33 (0) 1 45 66 06 22 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.international.icomos.org/centre_documentation Index Afghanistan 2 Australia / Australie 4 Bangladesh 21 Cambodia / Cambodge 30 China / Chine 34 Democratic People's Republic of Korea / 60 République Populaire Démocratique de Corée India / Inde 62 Indonesia / Indonésie 90 Iran (Islam Republic of) / 99 Iran (République islamique d') Japan / Japon 107 Kazakhstan / Kazakstan 122 Lao People's Democratic Republic/ 123 République Démocratique Populaire Lao Malaysia / Malaisie 125 Mongolia / Mongolie 127 Nepal / Népal 129 New Zealand / Nouvelle Zélande 136 Pakistan 139 Philippines 148 Republic of Korea / République de Corée 152 Solomon Islands / Iles Solomon 156 Sri Lanka 157 Thailand / Thailande 169 Turkmenistan / Turkménistan 173 Uzbekistan / Ouzbékistan 174 Viet Nam / Vietnam 178 1 AFGHANISTAN 2002 – Minaret and archaeological remains of Jam / Minaret et vestiges archéologiques de Djam (Criteria C (ii) (iii) (iv) The 65m-tall Minaret of Jam is a graceful, soaring structure, dating back to the 12th century. Covered in elaborate brickwork with a blue tile inscription at the top, it is noteworthy for the quality of its architecture and decoration, which represent the culmination of an architectural and artistic tradition in this region. Its impact is heightened by its dramatic setting, a deep river valley between towering mountains in the heart of the Ghur province. Justification for Inscription: Criterion (ii): The innovative architecture and decoration of the Minaret of Jam played a significant role in the development of the arts and architecture of the Indian sub-continent and beyond. Criterion (iii): The Minaret of Jam and its associated archaeological remains constitute exceptional testimony to the power and quality of the Ghurid civilization that dominated its region in the 12th and 13th centuries. Criterion (iv): The Minaret of Jam is an outstanding example of Islamic architecture and ornamentation in this region and played a significant role in their further dissemination. - Haut de 65m, le minaret de Djam est une construction gracieuse et élancée datant du XIIe siècle. Recouvert d’une décoration complexe en briques et portant une inscription de tuiles bleues au sommet, il est remarquable par la qualité de son architecture et de ses motifs décoratifs, qui représentent l’apogée d’une tradition artistique propre à cette région. Son impact est renforcé par un environnement spectaculaire : une vallée profonde qui s’ouvre entre d’imposantes montagnes au cœur de la province du Ghor Justification d'inscription : Critère (ii) : L'architecture et la décoration innovatrices du Minaret de Djam ont joué un rôle significatif dans le développement des arts et de l'architecture du sous-continent indien et au-delà. Critère (iii) : Le minaret de Djam et ses vestiges archéologiques associés constituent un témoignage exceptionnel de la puissance et de la qualité de la civilisation ghoride qui domina cette région aux XIIe et XIIIe siècles. Critère (iv) : Le minaret de Djam est un exemple exceptionnel de l’architecture et de l’ornementation islamiques dans la région et joua un rôle dans leur diffusion. Bibliography: 001099 - Techniques et matériaux : le minaret de Jam. Bruno, Andrea. York, ICOMOS, 1983. p. 189- 200, illus. (Monumentum. 26,3) (fre). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: minarets; brick; restoration projects; reinforcement; Afghanistan. // minaret de Jam (Afghanistan) ACCESSION NO: K-130. 020140 - The minaret of Jam. Bruno, Andrea. Paris, UNESCO, 2003. p. 4-15, illus. (World Heritage Review. 29) (same text in eng, spa). El minarete de Jam. spa. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: world heritage list; minarets; world heritage in danger; cultural heritage at risk; archaeological remains; Afghanistan. // Minaret and archeological remains of Jam, Afghanistan (WHC 211) ACCESSION NO: K-382 b. ISSN: 1020-4539. 011990 - Le minaret de Djam, Afghanistan. Bruno, Andrea. Unesco. [s.l.], [s.n.], [s.d.]. 2 slides :col. (fre). WHC 211. 2 PRIMARY KEYWORDS: islamic architecture; archaeological finds; minarets; bas-reliefs; decorations and ornaments; decorative patterns; islamic art; Afghanistan. SECONDARY KEYWORDS: slides. // Djam (Afghanistan) CALL NO: AF.DJA.05:1-2. 2003 - Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley / Paysage culturel et vestiges archéologiques de la vallée de Bamiyan (Criteria C (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (vi)) The cultural landscape and archaeological remains of the Bamiyan Valley represent the artistic and religious developments which from the 1st to the 13th centuries characterized ancient Bakhtria, integrating various cultural influences into the Gandhara school of Buddhist art. The area contains numerous Buddhist monastic ensembles and sanctuaries, as well as fortified edifices from the Islamic period. The site is also testimony to the tragic destruction by the Taliban of the two standing Buddha statues, which shook the world in March 2001. Justification for Inscription Criterion (i): The Buddha statues and the cave art in Bamiyan Valley are an outstanding representation of the Gandharan school in Buddhist art in the Central Asian region. Criterion (ii): The artistic and architectural remains of Bamiyan Valley, and an important Buddhist centre on the Silk Road, are an exceptional testimony to the interchange of Indian, Hellenistic, Roman, Sasanian influences as the basis for the development of a particular artistic expression in the Gandharan school. To this can be added the Islamic influence in a later period. Criterion (iii): The Bamiyan Valley bears an exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition in the Central Asian region, which has disappeared. Criterion (iv): The Bamiyan Valley is an outstanding example of a cultural landscape which illustrates a significant period in Buddhism. Criterion (vi): The Bamiyan Valley is the most monumental expression of the western Buddhism. It was an important centre of pilgrimage over many centuries. Due to their symbolic values, the monuments have suffered at different times of their existence, including the deliberate destruction in 2001, which shook the whole world. Le paysage culturel et les vestiges archéologiques de la vallée de Bamiyan illustrent les développements artistiques et religieux qui, du Ier au XIIIe siècle, ont caractérisé l’ancienne Bactriane, intégrant diverses influences culturelles pour former l’école d’art bouddhique du Gandhara. Le site contient plusieurs ensembles monastiques et sanctuaires bouddhistes, ainsi que des édifices fortifiés de la période islamique. Il témoigne également de la tragique destruction des deux bouddhas debout par les taliban, qui ébranla le monde en mars 2001. Justification d'inscription Critère (i): Les statues de Bouddha et l’art rupestre de la vallée de Bamyan sont une représentation exceptionnelle de l’école du Gandhara dans l’art bouddhique de la région d’Asie centrale. Critère (ii): Les vestiges artistiques et architecturaux de la vallée de Bamyan, important centre bouddhiste sur la Route de la Soie, sont un témoignage exceptionnel de l’échange des influences indiennes, hellénistiques, romaines et sassanides qui ont servi de fondations à une expression artistique particulière de l’école du Gandhara. À cela s’ajoute une influence islamique ultérieure. Critère (iii): La vallée de Bamyan est un témoignage exceptionnel d’une tradition culturelle d’Asie centrale aujourd’hui disparue. 3 Critère (iv): La vallée de Bamyan est un exemple exceptionnel de paysage culturel illustrant une période significative du bouddhisme. Critère (vi): La vallée de Bamyan est l’expression monumentale la plus importante du Bouddhisme occidental. Ce fut un centre de pèlerinage essentiel sur plusieurs siècles. Les monuments, en raison de leurs valeurs symboliques, ont souffert à différentes périodes de leur histoire, notamment lors de la destruction délibérée de 2001, qui secoua le monde entier. AUSTRALIA / AUSTRALIE 1981- Kakadu National Park / Parc National de Kakadu (Criteria: N (ii) (iii) (iv) C (i) (vi) This unique archaeological and ethnological reserve, located in the Northern Territory, has been inhabited continuously for more than 40,000 years. The cave paintings, rock carvings and archaeological sites record the skills and way of life of the region's inhabitants, from the hunter- gatherers of prehistoric times to the Aboriginal people still living there. It is a unique example of a complex of ecosystems, including tidal flats, floodplains, lowlands and plateaux, and provides a habitat for a wide range of rare or endemic species of plants and animals. Le parc constitue une réserve archéologique et ethnologique unique au monde car les terres sur lesquelles il s'étend ont été habitées en permanence depuis 40 000 ans. Des vestiges provenant des chasseurs et des pêcheurs du néolithique jusqu'aux aborigènes qui l'habitent encore au XXe siècle, il présente une histoire des techniques et des comportements illustrée par des peintures et des pictogrammes. C'est le meilleur exemple d'un ensemble d'écosystèmes, depuis les laisses intertidales jusqu'aux plateaux, en passant par les plaines inondées et les basses terres, habitats d'un grand nombre d'espèces rares ou endémiques de la flore et de la faune. Bibliography: 001078 - Nomination form. Parc national du Kakadu.
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