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Bergamo Randi SHORT Research and Innovation Renzo Tomellini Please note that this presentation is illustrative and it is not legally binding. It does not represent any commitment on behalf of the European Commission. It might have become obslolete. Please refer to official documents: http://ec.europa.eu/index_en.htm Research and Innovation • Where are the current structures, funding schemes and activities coming from? • How did the EU Research Policy evolve? • What are the forces which shaped this evolution? • In what context did appear new initiatives? • What has been changing and what hasn’t? Policy Research and Innovation • Incentive value Policy Research and Innovation risk loans / VC banking grants EIB/EIF States’ aids raising priorities: standards, norms, rules, capital… private funding - industrial risk Research and R&D public funding - technological Innovation risk UNIVERSITIES ESF loans / VC ERC (& FET) IPTS STOA banking grants EIB/EIF ERANET+ COST LIFE+ RSFF States’ aids FP calls, RFCS JTI, PPP CIP «lead markets» EIT R&D for SMEs raising EUREKA priorities: standards, National funds norms, rules, capital… private funding - industrial risk Research and R&D public funding - technological Innovation TRL = Technology Readiness Levels • http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/ict/files/kets/hlg_report_final_en.pdf Policy Research and Innovation European Treaties • Paris Treaty (ECSC), 1951 • Rome Treaty (Euratom, CEE), 1957 • Merger Treaty, 1965 • Single European Act, 1986 • Maastricht Treaty (European Union), 1992 • Amsterdam Treaty, 1997 • Nice Treaty, 2001 • Lisbon Treaty, 2007 Policy Research and Innovation • 1951 ECSC: Research and Technological Development in Steel and Coal • 1957 Euratom/EEC: Research in Nuclear Energy/Agriculture • 1957-1964: Creation of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) in Ispra, Petten, Geel, Karlsruhe • 70’: Introduction of the principle of transnational collaborative projects • 1978: FAST (Forecasting and Assessment in Science and Technology) ⇒1993 • 1983: Launch of the ESPRIT Programme • 1984: First EC Research Framework Programme • 1986: Single European Act: Research becomes a formal Community Policy through a dedicated chapter in the Treaty. Objective: “Strengthen the scientific and technological basis of European industry and to encourage it to become more competitive at international level”.Policy Research and Innovation • 1994: Creation of the JRC Institute for Prospective Studies in Seville • 1997: Amsterdam Treaty: Qualified majority for EEC Framework Programmes (still unanimity for Euratom Framework Programmes) • 2000: Lisbon European Council. Launch of the European Research Area • 2002: Creation of ESFRI - European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures • 2007: Lisbon Treaty. Introduction of the European Research Area in the Treaty. Objective of the EU Research Policy: “Strengthening [the EU's] scientific and technological bases by achieving a European research area in which researchers, scientific knowledge and technology circulate freely, and encouraging it to become more competitive”. • 2007 Creation of the European Research Council (ERC) • 2008 Creation of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) Policy Research and Innovation European Commissioners for Research • Fritz Hellwig (West Germany) 1967-1970 (Rey Commission) - Research and Technology • Altiero Spinelli (Italy) 1970-1973 (Malfatti/Mansholt Commissions) - Industrial Affairs/Research • Ralf Dahrendorf (West Germany) 1973-1977 (Ortoli Commission) - Research, Science, Education • Guido Brunner (West Germany) 1977-1981 (Jenkins Commission) - Energy, Research, Science • Etienne Davignon (Belgium) 1981-1985 (Thorn Commission) - Industrial Affairs and Energy • Karl-Heinz Narjes (West Germany) 1985-1989 (Delors I Commission) - Information Technology, Science and Research …. Policy Research and Innovation • Filippo Maria Pandolfi (Italy 1989-1993 (Delors Commission II) - Science, Research, Telecommunications and Innovation • Antonio Ruberti (Italy) 1993-1995 (Delors Commission III) - Science, Research, Technological Development and Education • Édith Cresson (France) 1995-1999 (Santer Commission) - Science, Research, Development, Education, Training and Youth • Philippe Busquin (Belgium) 1999-2004 (Prodi Commission) - Research • Janez Potočnik (Slovenia) 2004-2010 (Barroso Commission I) - Science and Research • Máire Geoghegan-Quinn (Ireland) 2010-2014 (Barroso Commission II) - Research, Innovation and Science Policy Research and Innovation The landscape of European Scientific and Technological Cooperation • CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research (1952) • ESO - European Southern Observatory (1962) • EMBO - European Molecular Biology Organization (1964) • Airbus (1970) • COST - European Cooperation in Science and Technology (1971) • EMBL - European Molecular Biology Laboratory (1974) • ESF - European Science Foundation (1974) • ESA - European Space Agency (1975) • Arianespace (1980) • EUREKA (1985) • EUROHORCS - European Heads of Research Councils (1992) • ESRF - European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (1994) • GALILEO (2002) Policy Research and Innovation The EU Multiannual Research Framework Programmes • 1st Framework Programme (1984-1987): B€ 3.75 • 2nd Framework Programme (1987-1991): B€ 5.4 3rd Framework Programme (1991-1994): B€ 6.6 4th Framework Programme (1994-1998): B€ 13 • 5th Framework Programme (1998-2002): B€ 15 • 6th Framework Programme (2002-2006): B€ 18 • 7th Framework Programme (2007-2013): B€ 53 • Horizon 2020 (2014-2020): B€ 79 (current price) Policy Research and Innovation A history of integration • Researchers • Countries • Actors (university, industry, centres, …) • Disciplines • Components along the values chain • Technological and socio-economic issues • Technological and non-technological issues • Financial actors (EU/MS public and private) • … Policy Research and Innovation Some Lessons Learnt • Progress is slow: it takes time to conceive new ideas, to make them clear and understandable, to get them accepted and to implement them with concrete results • Changes are (quite) irreversible: no backward step • EU Research Policy and its evolution depend on many interacting factors • A major driver is the evolution of the European Union itself, and the European project • Due to its position in the system, what the European Commission does really matters, and has a great influence Policy Research and Innovation h"p://ec.europa.eu/research/fp7/index_en.cfm?pg=country-profile Research and Innovation Research and Innovation Research and Innovation Thank you for your is not only about attention! preparing for the future, • To find out more: but it is shaping • www.ec.europa.eu/research/horizon2020 the future Policy Research and Innovation .
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