Jason and the Golden Fleece - Conscience Alley
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The Hellenic Saga Gaia (Earth)
The Hellenic Saga Gaia (Earth) Uranus (Heaven) Oceanus = Tethys Iapetus (Titan) = Clymene Themis Atlas Menoetius Prometheus Epimetheus = Pandora Prometheus • “Prometheus made humans out of earth and water, and he also gave them fire…” (Apollodorus Library 1.7.1) • … “and scatter-brained Epimetheus from the first was a mischief to men who eat bread; for it was he who first took of Zeus the woman, the maiden whom he had formed” (Hesiod Theogony ca. 509) Prometheus and Zeus • Zeus concealed the secret of life • Trick of the meat and fat • Zeus concealed fire • Prometheus stole it and gave it to man • Freidrich H. Fuger, 1751 - 1818 • Zeus ordered the creation of Pandora • Zeus chained Prometheus to a mountain • The accounts here are many and confused Maxfield Parish Prometheus 1919 Prometheus Chained Dirck van Baburen 1594 - 1624 Prometheus Nicolas-Sébastien Adam 1705 - 1778 Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus • Novel by Mary Shelly • First published in 1818. • The first true Science Fiction novel • Victor Frankenstein is Prometheus • As with the story of Prometheus, the novel asks about cause and effect, and about responsibility. • Is man accountable for his creations? • Is God? • Are there moral, ethical constraints on man’s creative urges? Mary Shelly • “I saw the pale student of unhallowed arts kneeling beside the thing he had put together. I saw the hideous phantasm of a man stretched out, and then, on the working of some powerful engine, show signs of life, and stir with an uneasy, half vital motion. Frightful must it be; for supremely frightful would be the effect of any human endeavour to mock the stupendous mechanism of the Creator of the world” (Introduction to the 1831 edition) Did I request thee, from my clay To mould me man? Did I solicit thee From darkness to promote me? John Milton, Paradise Lost 10. -
Myth Made Fact Lesson 8: Jason with Dr
Myth Made Fact Lesson 8: Jason with Dr. Louis Markos Outline: Jason Jason was a foundling, who was a royal child who grew up as a peasant. Jason was son of Eason. Eason was king until Pelias threw him into exile, also sending Jason away. When he came of age he decided to go to fulfill his destiny. On his way to the palace he helped an old man cross a river. When Jason arrived he came with only one sandal, as the other had been ripped off in the river. Pelias had been warned, “Beware the man with one sandal.” Pelias challenges Jason to go and bring back the Golden Fleece. About a generation or so earlier there had been a cruel king who tried to gain favor with the gods by sacrificing a boy and a girl. o Before he could do it, the gods sent a rescue mission. They sent a golden ram with a golden fleece that could fly. The ram flew Phrixos and Helle away. o The ram came to Colchis, in the southeast corner of the Black Sea. Helle slipped and fell and drowned in the Hellespont, which means Helle’s bridge (between Europe and Asia). o Phrixos sacrificed the ram and gave the fleece as a gift to the people of Colchis, to King Aeetes. o The Golden Fleece gives King Aeetes power. Jason builds the Argo. The Argonauts are the sailors of the Argo. Jason and the Argonauts go on the journey to get the Golden Fleece. Many of the Argonauts are the fathers of the soldiers of the Trojan War. -
Phrixus and Helle
Phrixus and Helle In Orchomenus, a site in ancient Boeotia, king Athamas lived happily with his wife and their two children, Phrixus and Helle. Alas, the queen’s death put an abrupt end to their happiness. Athamas could not stand being alone for long, so he took a second wife, Ino. The new queen was terribly jealous of Phrixus and Helle and laid out an evil plan. She summoned the women of the land and gave them the following advice: “Here’s how you can make your husbands happy and secure their love and respect: take the seeds they are about to sow and bake them in the kiln. Your crops will double and your men will be forever grateful to you!” 6 The women believed the queen’s words and did as they were told. That year the fields yielded absolutely nothing. “Some god is punishing us,” the men muttered to themselves in despair. Athamas decided to ask the oracle of Delphi for help. His envoys, already bought off by Ino, brought back a terrible answer: “The gods are very angry at us! Our fields will remain barren unless you sacrifice your firstborn to Zeus!” “How could I ever do such a thing to my child?” cried out the desperate king and shut himself in his palace. But the news spread quickly and soon the famished people gathered outside his doors. Angry voices came from the mob. “O, king, obey the oracle, otherwise we are all going to starve to death!” Athamas had to give in to pressure. He took his unsuspecting son to Zeus’s altar. -
Argonautika Entire First Folio
First Folio Teacher Curriculum Guide ARGONAUTIKA adapted and directed by Mary Zimmerman based on the story by Apollonius of Rhodes January 15 to March 2, 2008 First Folio Teacher Curriculum Guide Table of Contents Page Number Welcome to the Shakespeare Theatre Company’s production of Argonautika! About Greek Theatre Brief History of the Audience………………………...1 This season, the Shakespeare Theatre Company The History of Greek Drama……………..……………3 presents eight plays by William Shakespeare and On Greek Society and Culture……………………….5 other classic playwrights. The mission of all About the Authors …………………………...……………6 Education Department programs is to deepen understanding, appreciation and connection to About the Play classic theatre in learners of all ages. One Synopsis of Argonautika……………..…………………7 approach is the publication of First Folio Teacher Curriculum Guides. The Myth Behind the Play ..…………………………..8 The Hero’s Quest…..………………………………………..9 For the 2007-08 season, the Education Fate and Free Will…...………………..………..………..10 Department will publish First Folio Teacher Mythology: More than just a good story…...11 Curriculum Guides for our productions of Glossary of Terms and Characters..…………….12 Tamburlaine, Taming of the Shrew, Argonautika Questing…………………………………………………..…….14 and Julius Caesar. First Folio Guides provide information and activities to help students form Classroom Connections a personal connection to the play before • Before the Performance……………………………15 attending the production at the Shakespeare Journey Game Theatre Company. First Folio Guides contain God and Man material about the playwrights, their world and It’s Greek to Me the plays they penned. Also included are The Hero’s Journey approaches to explore the plays and productions in the classroom before and after (Re)Telling Stories the performance. -
Child Abuse in Greek Mythology: a Review C Stavrianos, I Stavrianou, P Kafas
The Internet Journal of Forensic Science ISPUB.COM Volume 3 Number 1 Child Abuse in Greek Mythology: A Review C Stavrianos, I Stavrianou, P Kafas Citation C Stavrianos, I Stavrianou, P Kafas. Child Abuse in Greek Mythology: A Review. The Internet Journal of Forensic Science. 2007 Volume 3 Number 1. Abstract The aim of this review was to describe child abuse cases in ancient Greek mythology. Names like Hercules, Saturn, Aesculapius, Medea are very familiar. The stories can be divided into 3 categories: child abuse from gods to gods, from gods to humans and from humans to humans. In these stories children were abused in different ways and the reasons were of social, financial, political, religious, medical and sexual origin. The interpretations of the myths differed and the conclusions seemed controversial. Archaeologists, historians, and philosophers still try to bring these ancient stories into light in connection with the archaeological findings. The possibility for a dentist to face a child abuse case in the dental office nowadays proved the fact that child abuse was not only a phenomenon of the past but also a reality of the present. INTRODUCTION courses are easily available to everyone. Child abuse may be defined as any non-accidental trauma, On 1860 the forensic odontologist Ambroise Tardieu, neglect, failure to meet basic needs or abuse inflicted upon a referring to 32 cases, made a connection between subdural child by a caretaker that is beyond the acceptable norm of haematoma and abuse. In 1874 a church group in New York childcare in our culture. Abused children found in all 1 City took a child named Mary-Helen from home in which economic, social, ethnic and cultural backgrounds and she was being abused. -
Jason and the Golden Fleece by Max I
Jason and the Golden Fleece By Max I. A long time ago, a child named Jason was born in the small kingdom of Iolcus, which was in Northern Greece. He was born before actual Greek history, in a time where Gods and heroes still existed. He was the son of King Aeson, who ruled Iolcus fairly and justly. His mother was descended from Poseidon, the god of the sea. Therefore, Jason had royal blood and divine blood as well. Jason grew up to be a good looking and good-natured boy. He was polite to everybody and everybody liked him. And everybody knew that Jason would inherit the throne of Iolcus. He was a good friend of Max, who was a foreigner from Colchis. In fact, he was one of the most valuable people on the journey because he was from where the Golden Fleece was hidden. 10 years before Jason was born, a king and queen called Athamas and Nephele ruled in Northern Greece. However, king Athamas grew tired of his kind, virtuous queen, and sent her away so he could marry a cruel woman named Ino. However, Ino was so cruel she resolved to murder the king’s children, as she was mad after a argument with Athamas. Queen Nephele rushed back to save her children and enlisted the help of the God Hermes. Hermes created a massive golden ram to carry the two children to safety. Their names were Phrixus and Helle. The Ram carried them all the way to Colchis, where they could seek shelter. However, as they were flying over a great river that separates Europe from Asia, Helle fell off the Ram to her death. -
The Thebaid Europa, Cadmus and the Birth of Dionysus
The Thebaid Europa, Cadmus and the birth of Dionysus Caesar van Everdingen. Rape of Europa. 1650 Zeus = Io Memphis = Epaphus Poseidon = Libya Lysianassa Belus Agenor = Telephassa In the Danaid, we followed the descendants of Belus. The Thebaid follows the descendants of Agenor Agenor = Telephassa Cadmus Phoenix Cylix Thasus Phineus Europa • Agenor migrated to the Levant and founded Sidon • But see Josephus, Jewish Antiquities i.130 - 139 • “… for Syria borders on Egypt, and the Phoenicians, to whom Sidon belongs, dwell in Syria.” (Hdt. ii.116.6) The Levant Levant • Jericho (9000 BC) • Damascus (8000) • Biblos (7000) • Sidon (4000) Biblos Damascus Sidon Tyre Jericho Levant • Canaanites: • Aramaeans • Language, not race. • Moved to the Levant ca. 1400-1200 BC • Phoenician = • purple dye people Biblos Damascus Sidon Tyre Agenor = Telephassa Cadmus Phoenix Cylix Thasus Phineus Europa • Zeus appeared to Europa as a bull and carried her to Crete. • Agenor sent his sons in search of Europa • Don’t come home without her! • The Rape of Europa • Maren de Vos • 1590 Bilbao Fine Arts Museum (Spain) Image courtesy of wikimedia • Rape of Europa • Caesar van Everdingen • 1650 • Image courtesy of wikimedia • Europe Group • Albert Memorial • London, 1872. • A memorial for Albert, husband of Queen Victoria. Crete Europa = Zeus Minos Sarpedon Rhadamanthus • Asterius, king of Crete, married Europa • Minos became king of Crete • Sarpedon king of Lycia • Rhadamanthus king of Boeotia The Brothers of Europa • Phoenix • Remained in Phoenicia • Cylix • Founded -
Mythology Study Questions
Mythology by Edith Hamilton Study Questions – Freshman Class Part I 1. List the twelve Olympian Gods (Greek and Roman names) and give a brief description of their role, character and domain. 2. Who was Peresphone and what happened to her? What happened on earth because of it? 3. How did the Titan Cronus come to power in the universe? 4. Who was Cronus’ queen? 5. Why did Cronus swallow his children? 6. Who helped Zeus in his battle against Cronus? 7. Describe Typhon. 8. What was in Pandora’s box? 9. What happened to Io? 10. What happened to Narcissus? Part II 1. Why does Venus hate Psyche so much? 2. Why does she eventually consent to the marriage of Cupid and Psyche? 3. How do Pyramus and Thisbe die? 4. What goes wrong with Orpheus’ rescue attempt? 5. How are Phrixus and Helle saved from human sacrifice? 6. Why does Jason go on the quest for the Golden Fleece? 7. How does the company lose Hercules? 8. How is it that Medea falls in love with Jason? 9. List three good things that Medea does for Jason. 10. List thee evil things that Medea does. 11. What does Phaethon ask of the Sun? 12. What does Belleronphon desire? 13. What is the mistake of Icarus? Part III 1. Why does Perseus have to get the Gorgon’s head? 2. How does Perseus get the witches to tell him where to find Medusa? 3. How does Perseus strike Medusa with a sword without being turned to stone? 4. What three gifts does Perseus receive from the Hyperboreans? 5. -
INO-LEUKOTHEA. the Uncritical Excesses of Those Theorists, Chiefly
INO-LEUKOTHEA. THE uncritical excesses of those theorists, chiefly German and some English following them blindly, who discerned ' faded gods or goddesses' in most of the leading figures of Greek mythology, has produced a reaction which may be equally uncritical. We ought not to believe in the original divinity of an Agamemnon, an Achilles, or a Diomed. Nevertheless, there is undoubtedly a small group of personages, who may be called hero-gods or heroine-goddesses, whose godhead is the primary fact and whose humanity is secondary. The usual mark of these is that their legend is hieratic wholly, that they have little or no secular character, not to say ' epic' or ' heroic.' vOf these the most prominent and important is Ino-Leukothea; and the interpretation of her character and personality and the "problem of her origin are among the difficult tasks of the historian of Greek religion. What has been written hitherto on her cult and legend cannot be regarded as satisfying. The name Ino, which is the prior fact, fails to help us; it may be Hellenic or not, but its root-meaning and root-affinities escape us. The first literary notice of her is in Homer's thrilling narrative, where as a kindly sea- fairy she aids the drowning Odysseus. But the poet is aware that this is not her original character, for he describes her as ' Ino-Leukothea of the fair ankles, daughter of Kadmos, who was once a mortal speaking with the tongue of men, but now in the salt sea-waters has received honour at the hands of the gods.'1 For Homer, then, she is merely one of that familiar type, the mortal translated to the divine sphere; and though he remembers her Cadmean origin and parentage, she must before his period have already assumed her. -
Introduction. Dionysus in Rome: Accommodation and Resistance
Fiachra Mac Góráin Introduction. Dionysus in Rome: accommodation and resistance Abstract: This introductory chapter provides a wide-angle history of the presence of Dionysus/Bacchus/Liber on Italian soil from the archaic to the early Christian periods, covering archaeological and literary sources. In parallel, it surveys the main scholarly trends on the Italian versions of Dionysus, and emplots the con- tributions to this volume in a history of scholarship. The main focus of the chap- ter, which is programmatic for the volume, is the interface of Greek and Roman cultures, and whether it is possible to identify and define (an) Italian version(s) of Dionysus. It posits two aspects to the Romans’ reception of Bacchus, which may be termed ‘accommodation’ and ‘resistance’. The interplay between these two levels of response will inform an analytic narrative that assesses the relation- ship between the Greek Dionysus and the Roman Liber, embracing interpretatio and religious polymorphism, and addressing some of the most important Diony- sian manifestations in Roman culture: the founding of the temple of Ceres, Liber and Libera; the Bacchanalia; the Liberalia; Roman leaders’ uses of Dionysus; the poets’ references to Bacchus; and a brief glance at the Bacchic-Christian inter- face. As ‘our oldest living symbol’,1 Dionysus/Bacchus has evolved over many different forms. Until relatively recently, scholars believed that he was an import from the East, and a late addition to the Greek pantheon. Rohde, Nilsson, Wilamowitz and Otto all subscribed to different versions of the Nietzschean myth that an ecstatic Dionysus cult was assimilated from Thrace and tamed by the influence of Apollo.2 This view was based on the god’s slight role in the Homeric poems, coupled with For discussion of Dionysus in Rome and bibliographical advice, I wish to thank Clifford Ando, Andreas Bendlin, Tom Carpenter, Michael Crawford, Elena Giusti, Dan Hogg, Duncan MacRae, John North, Donncha O’Rourke, Richard Seaford, and Peter Wiseman. -
Constellation Legends
Constellation Legends by Norm McCarter Naturalist and Astronomy Intern SCICON Andromeda – The Chained Lady Cassiopeia, Andromeda’s mother, boasted that she was the most beautiful woman in the world, even more beautiful than the gods. Poseidon, the brother of Zeus and the god of the seas, took great offense at this statement, for he had created the most beautiful beings ever in the form of his sea nymphs. In his anger, he created a great sea monster, Cetus (pictured as a whale) to ravage the seas and sea coast. Since Cassiopeia would not recant her claim of beauty, it was decreed that she must sacrifice her only daughter, the beautiful Andromeda, to this sea monster. So Andromeda was chained to a large rock projecting out into the sea and was left there to await the arrival of the great sea monster Cetus. As Cetus approached Andromeda, Perseus arrived (some say on the winged sandals given to him by Hermes). He had just killed the gorgon Medusa and was carrying her severed head in a special bag. When Perseus saw the beautiful maiden in distress, like a true champion he went to her aid. Facing the terrible sea monster, he drew the head of Medusa from the bag and held it so that the sea monster would see it. Immediately, the sea monster turned to stone. Perseus then freed the beautiful Andromeda and, claiming her as his bride, took her home with him as his queen to rule. Aquarius – The Water Bearer The name most often associated with the constellation Aquarius is that of Ganymede, son of Tros, King of Troy. -
Tales from Greek Mythology
This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. http://books.google.com 600078481Y ". By the same Author. TALES OF THE GODS AND HEROES. With 6 Landscape Illustrations engraved on Wood from Drawings by the Author. Ecp. 8vo. price 5*. AMONG the tales supplied by the vast stores of Greek legend, some are exceedingly simple in their character, while others are very complicated. In the series entitled Tales from Greek Mytho logy -, care was taken not to include any tales involving ideas which young children would not readily understand ; but most of the stories given in this volume cannot be told without a distinct reference to deified heroes and the successive dynasties of the Hellenic gods. The present work consists of tales, many of which are among the most beautiful in the mythology common to the great Aryan family of nations. The simplicity and tenderness of many of these legends suggest a comparison with the general cha racter of the Northern mythology ; while others tend in a great measure to determine the question of a patriarchal religion, of which the mythical tales of Greece are supposed to have preserved only the faint and distorted conceptions. * The tales are recounted with a ■ Mb. Cox's first set of stories were scholarly ease and grace which entitle told in such a way that every child de them to high commendation as a book for lighted to hear them, and at the same time youthful students.