DOCSLIB.ORG

Euripides, Phrixus I and II, TGF2 F 819-838, Poxy XXVII No. 2455 Fr. 14 Col Xvi, Fr

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Euripides, Phrixus I and II, TGF2 F 819-838, Poxy XXVII No. 2455 Fr. 14 Col Xvi, Fr APPENDIX ONE THE STEPMOTHER MYfHS A. The Murderous Stepmother 1. /no (Euripides, Phrixus I and II, TGF2 F 819-838, POxy XXVII no. 2455 fr. 14 col xvi, fr. 17 col. xix, POxy LIi no 3652 1., Apollod., 1.9.1-2; cf. Ov., Fast. 3.853 with Bomer ad loc., Tzetz. Lye., 22 etc.; K. Schauenburg, "Phrixos", RhM 101 (1958), 41-50, llMC II.I 950f. s.v. Athamas.) Jealous of the children of Nephele, Athamas' first wife, lno invents a cunning plot to get rid of them. She induces the women to roast the wheat-seeds, thus causing a failure of the crops. Next, she bribes the messenger sent by Athamas to consult the Delphic Oracle to bring back a false response demanding the sacrifice of the king's first-born son Phrixus. At the altar Phrixus, along with his sister Helle, is saved from this fate by the intervention of his mother Nephele, who sends a golden ram to transport them across the sea.2 Helle falls off on the way and is drowned, giving her name to the Hellespont; Phrixus, on arriving at Colchis, sacrifices the ram and gives the fleece to Aeetes, whose daughter he marries, thus providing, in the form of the Golden Fleece, the starting-point for the Argonautic legend. Ino eventually meets her fate when Athamas is driven mad by Hera (in revenge for their nursing of the infant Dionysus); he kills their first child, Learchus; lno jumps into the sea with the second child, Melicertes, in her arms and is transformed into the sea goddess Leucothoe. Main variants Nephele concubine rather than wife: Eur., TGF 2 F 824 (attributed to Phrixus); Nonn., Dion. 10.11 7. 1 Both plays dealt with the machinations of Ino: see especially POxy Lil (1984) no 3652 with the comments of H.M. Cockle (the papyrus gives the hypothesis to Phrixus I and mentions Ino's plot, thus disproving Webster's suggestion (1967), 131, that the Phrixu.r I dealt with a different subject). See also Turner (1958), 12-15. Sophocles wrote two Athamas plays and a Phrixus, but little is known of their contents. The Ino story may have been treated. 2 Originally the ram swam, later it was thought of as flying: see D.S. Robertson, "The Flight of Phrixus", CR 54 (1940) 1-8. 224 APPENDIX ONE Nephele second wife, Ino first (divorced by Athamas in favour of Nephele): Eur., Phrixus II (?)3, Schol. Hom., Iliad 7.86, Tzetz. Lye., 22. Themisto first wife, Ino second: Herodorus, FGrH 31 F 38 omits Nephele and has Themisto as mother of Phrixus and Helle. Phrixus plotted against by Athamas together with lno: Hdt., 7.197. lno's guilt is revealed by a servant while Phrixus stands at the altar: she is saved by Dionysus whom she had nursed; he also drives Phrixus and Helle mad; it is while they are wandering in the forest about to be attacked by Maenads that Nephele comes to them with the ram on which they make their escape: Eur., Phrixus 11., Hyg., Fab. 3., Lact. Plac. ad Stat., Theb. 2.281. Suicide of lno (originally a separate myth: cf. Hom., Od. 5.353ff.) linked to the plot against Phrixus and Helle: Nonn., Dwn. 10.96ff. (Athamas' madness and lno's suicide attributed by lno to Nephele as an act of revenge for plot against her children); Schol. Hom., Iliad 7 .86 (Athamas kills Learchus on learning of Ino's plot and she es­ capes punishment by jumping into the sea with Melicertes). 2. 1hemisto (Euripides, /no, TGF2 F 398-427: plot summarised by Hyg., Fab. 4; cf. Athen., 13.560D., Opp., Cyn. 3.248., Nonn., Dwn. 9.320f.; Webster ( 196 7) 98-101.) Ino being absent, presumed dead, Athamas takes another wife, Themisto, by whom he has twin sons. On discovering lno to be still alive (she has gone off to Parnassus to take part in Bacchanalian rites), Athamas has her brought back secretly. Themisto, learning of lno's return but ignorant of her whereabouts, now plans to kill the children of lno, ironically employing as her accomplice a captive servant who is none other than Ino herself in disguise. To prepare the way for the murder, this 'servant' is instructed to cover Themisto's children with white garments and lno's with black; when lno, realising Themisto's intentions, switches the colours, the latter murders her own children, and on discovering her mistake, commits suicide. 3 This depends on the reading 1Tp0<7f'YEVVT)<JfV at POxy XXVII no. 2455 fr. I 7 col xix line 272: cf. Turner (1958), repeated in his commentary in POxy XXVII. This would change the motivation of Ino from stepmotherly hatred to the fury of a woman scorned. For the alternative reading TTpoyEyfVVT)KWS, which would make Ino the 2nd wife, see W. Luppe, "Die Hypothesis zum 'Phrixos Deuteros' des Euripides", Archiv. f Pap. 30 (1984) 31-37. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Hellenic Saga Gaia (Earth)
    The Hellenic Saga Gaia (Earth) Uranus (Heaven) Oceanus = Tethys Iapetus (Titan) = Clymene Themis Atlas Menoetius Prometheus Epimetheus = Pandora Prometheus • “Prometheus made humans out of earth and water, and he also gave them fire…” (Apollodorus Library 1.7.1) • … “and scatter-brained Epimetheus from the first was a mischief to men who eat bread; for it was he who first took of Zeus the woman, the maiden whom he had formed” (Hesiod Theogony ca. 509) Prometheus and Zeus • Zeus concealed the secret of life • Trick of the meat and fat • Zeus concealed fire • Prometheus stole it and gave it to man • Freidrich H. Fuger, 1751 - 1818 • Zeus ordered the creation of Pandora • Zeus chained Prometheus to a mountain • The accounts here are many and confused Maxfield Parish Prometheus 1919 Prometheus Chained Dirck van Baburen 1594 - 1624 Prometheus Nicolas-Sébastien Adam 1705 - 1778 Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus • Novel by Mary Shelly • First published in 1818. • The first true Science Fiction novel • Victor Frankenstein is Prometheus • As with the story of Prometheus, the novel asks about cause and effect, and about responsibility. • Is man accountable for his creations? • Is God? • Are there moral, ethical constraints on man’s creative urges? Mary Shelly • “I saw the pale student of unhallowed arts kneeling beside the thing he had put together. I saw the hideous phantasm of a man stretched out, and then, on the working of some powerful engine, show signs of life, and stir with an uneasy, half vital motion. Frightful must it be; for supremely frightful would be the effect of any human endeavour to mock the stupendous mechanism of the Creator of the world” (Introduction to the 1831 edition) Did I request thee, from my clay To mould me man? Did I solicit thee From darkness to promote me? John Milton, Paradise Lost 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Myth Made Fact Lesson 8: Jason with Dr
    Myth Made Fact Lesson 8: Jason with Dr. Louis Markos Outline: Jason Jason was a foundling, who was a royal child who grew up as a peasant. Jason was son of Eason. Eason was king until Pelias threw him into exile, also sending Jason away. When he came of age he decided to go to fulfill his destiny. On his way to the palace he helped an old man cross a river. When Jason arrived he came with only one sandal, as the other had been ripped off in the river. Pelias had been warned, “Beware the man with one sandal.” Pelias challenges Jason to go and bring back the Golden Fleece. About a generation or so earlier there had been a cruel king who tried to gain favor with the gods by sacrificing a boy and a girl. o Before he could do it, the gods sent a rescue mission. They sent a golden ram with a golden fleece that could fly. The ram flew Phrixos and Helle away. o The ram came to Colchis, in the southeast corner of the Black Sea. Helle slipped and fell and drowned in the Hellespont, which means Helle’s bridge (between Europe and Asia). o Phrixos sacrificed the ram and gave the fleece as a gift to the people of Colchis, to King Aeetes. o The Golden Fleece gives King Aeetes power. Jason builds the Argo. The Argonauts are the sailors of the Argo. Jason and the Argonauts go on the journey to get the Golden Fleece. Many of the Argonauts are the fathers of the soldiers of the Trojan War.
    [Show full text]
  • Phrixus and Helle
    Phrixus and Helle In Orchomenus, a site in ancient Boeotia, king Athamas lived happily with his wife and their two children, Phrixus and Helle. Alas, the queen’s death put an abrupt end to their happiness. Athamas could not stand being alone for long, so he took a second wife, Ino. The new queen was terribly jealous of Phrixus and Helle and laid out an evil plan. She summoned the women of the land and gave them the following advice: “Here’s how you can make your husbands happy and secure their love and respect: take the seeds they are about to sow and bake them in the kiln. Your crops will double and your men will be forever grateful to you!” 6 The women believed the queen’s words and did as they were told. That year the fields yielded absolutely nothing. “Some god is punishing us,” the men muttered to themselves in despair. Athamas decided to ask the oracle of Delphi for help. His envoys, already bought off by Ino, brought back a terrible answer: “The gods are very angry at us! Our fields will remain barren unless you sacrifice your firstborn to Zeus!” “How could I ever do such a thing to my child?” cried out the desperate king and shut himself in his palace. But the news spread quickly and soon the famished people gathered outside his doors. Angry voices came from the mob. “O, king, obey the oracle, otherwise we are all going to starve to death!” Athamas had to give in to pressure. He took his unsuspecting son to Zeus’s altar.
    [Show full text]
  • University Microfilms International 300 N
    INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “ Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meaht to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted you will find a target note listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo­ graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in “sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete.
    [Show full text]
  • MYTHOLOGY – ALL LEVELS Ohio Junior Classical League – 2012 1
    MYTHOLOGY – ALL LEVELS Ohio Junior Classical League – 2012 1. This son of Zeus was the builder of the palaces on Mt. Olympus and the maker of Achilles’ armor. a. Apollo b. Dionysus c. Hephaestus d. Hermes 2. She was the first wife of Heracles; unfortunately, she was killed by Heracles in a fit of madness. a. Aethra b. Evadne c. Megara d. Penelope 3. He grew up as a fisherman and won fame for himself by slaying Medusa. a. Amphitryon b. Electryon c. Heracles d. Perseus 4. This girl was transformed into a sunflower after she was rejected by the Sun god. a. Arachne b. Clytie c. Leucothoe d. Myrrha 5. According to Hesiod, he was NOT a son of Cronus and Rhea. a. Brontes b. Hades c. Poseidon d. Zeus 6. He chose to die young but with great glory as opposed to dying in old age with no glory. a. Achilles b. Heracles c. Jason d. Perseus 7. This queen of the gods is often depicted as a jealous wife. a. Demeter b. Hera c. Hestia d. Thetis 8. This ruler of the Underworld had the least extra-marital affairs among the three brothers. a. Aeacus b. Hades c. Minos d. Rhadamanthys 9. He imprisoned his daughter because a prophesy said that her son would become his killer. a. Acrisius b. Heracles c. Perseus d. Theseus 10. He fled burning Troy on the shoulder of his son. a. Anchises b. Dardanus c. Laomedon d. Priam 11. He poked his eyes out after learning that he had married his own mother.
    [Show full text]
  • Iamze Gagua (Tbilisi)
    Phasis 10 (I), 2007 Iamze Gagua (Tbilisi) FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF SOME DETAILS FROM THE ARGONAUT LEGEND ACCORDING TO THE ARGONAUTICA BY APOLLONIUS RHODIUS Admittedly, the Argonaut legend reflects ancient contacts of Hellenic sailors and Colchian tribes. They are evidenced by the myths about Aeetes’ leaving Corinth and residing in Aea-Colchis, Phrixus’ fleeing to the land of Aeetes, and Jason’s voyage to Colchis to retrieve the Golden Fleece. This legend, treated by ancient authors, was transformed as the time passed. Apollonius Rhodius’ Argonautica is the most extensive account of the Argonaut legend. The author referred to numerous sources and offered a lot of noteworthy information regarding particular episodes of the legend, the settlement of Colchian tribes and their customs and habits.1 The Argonautica presents a logical and coherent account of the Argonauts’ preparations for the perilous voyage, of the voyage itself, the arrival of the heroes in the land of Aeetes, Aea-Colchis (2), the obtaining of the Golden Fleece and their way back. I would like to dwell only on some of the details: 1. The main 1 See A. Urushadze, Ancient Colchis in the Argonaut Legend, Tbilisi 1964 (in Georgian). The Greek text of Apollonius Rhodius’ Argonautica, together with the Georgian version of it, was published, introduced, commented on and supplemented with an index by A. Urushadze, Tbilisi 1970. 2 It is obvious that Kutaia is connected with Kutaisi. Bearing in mind the Kartvelian etymology of kut- stem, the place-name can be interpreted as ‘a settlement on a vacant area between the mountains’ – R.
    [Show full text]
  • Argonautika Entire First Folio
    First Folio Teacher Curriculum Guide ARGONAUTIKA adapted and directed by Mary Zimmerman based on the story by Apollonius of Rhodes January 15 to March 2, 2008 First Folio Teacher Curriculum Guide Table of Contents Page Number Welcome to the Shakespeare Theatre Company’s production of Argonautika! About Greek Theatre Brief History of the Audience………………………...1 This season, the Shakespeare Theatre Company The History of Greek Drama……………..……………3 presents eight plays by William Shakespeare and On Greek Society and Culture……………………….5 other classic playwrights. The mission of all About the Authors …………………………...……………6 Education Department programs is to deepen understanding, appreciation and connection to About the Play classic theatre in learners of all ages. One Synopsis of Argonautika……………..…………………7 approach is the publication of First Folio Teacher Curriculum Guides. The Myth Behind the Play ..…………………………..8 The Hero’s Quest…..………………………………………..9 For the 2007-08 season, the Education Fate and Free Will…...………………..………..………..10 Department will publish First Folio Teacher Mythology: More than just a good story…...11 Curriculum Guides for our productions of Glossary of Terms and Characters..…………….12 Tamburlaine, Taming of the Shrew, Argonautika Questing…………………………………………………..…….14 and Julius Caesar. First Folio Guides provide information and activities to help students form Classroom Connections a personal connection to the play before • Before the Performance……………………………15 attending the production at the Shakespeare Journey Game Theatre Company. First Folio Guides contain God and Man material about the playwrights, their world and It’s Greek to Me the plays they penned. Also included are The Hero’s Journey approaches to explore the plays and productions in the classroom before and after (Re)Telling Stories the performance.
    [Show full text]
  • Child Abuse in Greek Mythology: a Review C Stavrianos, I Stavrianou, P Kafas
    The Internet Journal of Forensic Science ISPUB.COM Volume 3 Number 1 Child Abuse in Greek Mythology: A Review C Stavrianos, I Stavrianou, P Kafas Citation C Stavrianos, I Stavrianou, P Kafas. Child Abuse in Greek Mythology: A Review. The Internet Journal of Forensic Science. 2007 Volume 3 Number 1. Abstract The aim of this review was to describe child abuse cases in ancient Greek mythology. Names like Hercules, Saturn, Aesculapius, Medea are very familiar. The stories can be divided into 3 categories: child abuse from gods to gods, from gods to humans and from humans to humans. In these stories children were abused in different ways and the reasons were of social, financial, political, religious, medical and sexual origin. The interpretations of the myths differed and the conclusions seemed controversial. Archaeologists, historians, and philosophers still try to bring these ancient stories into light in connection with the archaeological findings. The possibility for a dentist to face a child abuse case in the dental office nowadays proved the fact that child abuse was not only a phenomenon of the past but also a reality of the present. INTRODUCTION courses are easily available to everyone. Child abuse may be defined as any non-accidental trauma, On 1860 the forensic odontologist Ambroise Tardieu, neglect, failure to meet basic needs or abuse inflicted upon a referring to 32 cases, made a connection between subdural child by a caretaker that is beyond the acceptable norm of haematoma and abuse. In 1874 a church group in New York childcare in our culture. Abused children found in all 1 City took a child named Mary-Helen from home in which economic, social, ethnic and cultural backgrounds and she was being abused.
    [Show full text]
  • Furious: Myth, Gender, and the Origins of Lady Macbeth
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 9-2019 Furious: Myth, Gender, and the Origins of Lady Macbeth Emma King The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/3431 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] FURIOUS: MYTH, GENDER, AND THE ORIGINS OF LADY MACBETH by EMMA KING A master’s thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, The City University of New York 2019 ii © 2019 EMMA KING All Rights Reserved iii Furious: Myth, Gender, and the Origins of Lady Macbeth by Emma King This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in satisfaction of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts. Date Tanya Pollard Thesis Advisor Date Elizabeth Macaulay-Lewis Executive Officer THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iv ABSTRACT Furious: Myth, Gender, and the Origins of Lady Macbeth by Emma King This thesis attempts to understand the fabulously complex and poisonously unsettling Lady Macbeth as a product of classical reception and intertextuality in early modern England. Whence comes her “undaunted mettle” (1.7.73)? Why is she, like the regicide she helps commit, such a “bloody piece of work” (2.3.108)? How does her ability to be “bloody, bold, and resolute” (4.1.81), as Macbeth is commanded to be, reflect canonical literary ideas, early modern or otherwise, regarding women, gender, and violence? Approaching texts in the literary canon as the result of transformation and reception, this research analyzes the ways in which Lady Macbeth’s gender, motivations, and words can be understood as inherently intertextual.
    [Show full text]
  • Jason and the Golden Fleece by Max I
    Jason and the Golden Fleece By Max I. A long time ago, a child named Jason was born in the small kingdom of Iolcus, which was in Northern Greece. He was born before actual Greek history, in a time where Gods and heroes still existed. He was the son of King Aeson, who ruled Iolcus fairly and justly. His mother was descended from Poseidon, the god of the sea. Therefore, Jason had royal blood and divine blood as well. Jason grew up to be a good looking and good-natured boy. He was polite to everybody and everybody liked him. And everybody knew that Jason would inherit the throne of Iolcus. He was a good friend of Max, who was a foreigner from Colchis. In fact, he was one of the most valuable people on the journey because he was from where the Golden Fleece was hidden. 10 years before Jason was born, a king and queen called Athamas and Nephele ruled in Northern Greece. However, king Athamas grew tired of his kind, virtuous queen, and sent her away so he could marry a cruel woman named Ino. However, Ino was so cruel she resolved to murder the king’s children, as she was mad after a argument with Athamas. Queen Nephele rushed back to save her children and enlisted the help of the God Hermes. Hermes created a massive golden ram to carry the two children to safety. Their names were Phrixus and Helle. The Ram carried them all the way to Colchis, where they could seek shelter. However, as they were flying over a great river that separates Europe from Asia, Helle fell off the Ram to her death.
    [Show full text]
  • The Thebaid Europa, Cadmus and the Birth of Dionysus
    The Thebaid Europa, Cadmus and the birth of Dionysus Caesar van Everdingen. Rape of Europa. 1650 Zeus = Io Memphis = Epaphus Poseidon = Libya Lysianassa Belus Agenor = Telephassa In the Danaid, we followed the descendants of Belus. The Thebaid follows the descendants of Agenor Agenor = Telephassa Cadmus Phoenix Cylix Thasus Phineus Europa • Agenor migrated to the Levant and founded Sidon • But see Josephus, Jewish Antiquities i.130 - 139 • “… for Syria borders on Egypt, and the Phoenicians, to whom Sidon belongs, dwell in Syria.” (Hdt. ii.116.6) The Levant Levant • Jericho (9000 BC) • Damascus (8000) • Biblos (7000) • Sidon (4000) Biblos Damascus Sidon Tyre Jericho Levant • Canaanites: • Aramaeans • Language, not race. • Moved to the Levant ca. 1400-1200 BC • Phoenician = • purple dye people Biblos Damascus Sidon Tyre Agenor = Telephassa Cadmus Phoenix Cylix Thasus Phineus Europa • Zeus appeared to Europa as a bull and carried her to Crete. • Agenor sent his sons in search of Europa • Don’t come home without her! • The Rape of Europa • Maren de Vos • 1590 Bilbao Fine Arts Museum (Spain) Image courtesy of wikimedia • Rape of Europa • Caesar van Everdingen • 1650 • Image courtesy of wikimedia • Europe Group • Albert Memorial • London, 1872. • A memorial for Albert, husband of Queen Victoria. Crete Europa = Zeus Minos Sarpedon Rhadamanthus • Asterius, king of Crete, married Europa • Minos became king of Crete • Sarpedon king of Lycia • Rhadamanthus king of Boeotia The Brothers of Europa • Phoenix • Remained in Phoenicia • Cylix • Founded
    [Show full text]
  • The Golden Fleece: Essays Free
    FREE THE GOLDEN FLEECE: ESSAYS PDF Muriel Spark,Penelope Jardine | 248 pages | 01 Apr 2014 | Carcanet Press Ltd | 9781847772510 | English | Manchester, United Kingdom Carcanet Press - The Golden Fleece: Essays Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. Want to Read saving…. Want to Read Currently Reading Read. Other editions. Enlarge cover. Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Open Preview See a Problem? The Golden Fleece: Essays if other :. Thanks for telling us about the problem. Return to Book Page. Get A Copy. Paperbackpages. Published March 27th by Carcanet Press Ltd. More Details Other Editions 5. Friend Reviews. To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. To ask other readers questions about The Golden Fleeceplease sign up. Lists with This Book. This book is not yet featured on Listopia. Community Reviews. Showing Average rating 3. Rating details. All Languages. More filters. Sort order. Start your review of The Golden Fleece: Essays. Indu Muralidharan rated it liked it Dec 20, Judith rated it The Golden Fleece: Essays it Nov 26, Angie rated it liked it Nov 22, D rated it it was amazing Aug 14, Mar 25, Helen rated it really liked it. Mary Ann rated it liked it Nov 01, Frances Ainslie rated it really liked it Oct 07, Nadene rated it it was ok Apr 25, Gray Eveleigh rated it liked it Mar 22, Jenny rated it really liked it Apr 18, Iona rated it really liked it Jan 12, Diarmaid rated it did not like it Apr 05, Nicola Fantom marked it as to-read Feb 27, Betty marked it as to-read Feb 27, Cristina
    [Show full text]