DOCSLIB.ORG

See Also Peasants

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Index A bad an Al-i Al,tmad Jalal, 106-7, 162, 170, 177, blockade, 172 241 cinema fire, 344 Allied invasion of Iran, 135 occupied by Iranian army, 174 Amfnf, Dr Ali, 192, 202, 343 'Abbasi, Captain, 195 involvement in 1958 coup plot, 199 'Abu Musa, 315 land distribution proposals, 300 Administration structure, 14, 110 negotiations with National Front, Afshar-Tus, Brigadier, 177 220-1 Agri-businesses, 303, 305, 310-11 premiership, 213-16 Agriculture reasons for British dislike of, 314 decline in labour force, 260-1 resignation, 186n, 224 decline in total share, 204 Amfr-Al,tmadf, General, 83, 109 discrimination in investment, 247 Amfr-Inti?:am, Dr 'Abbas, 360 effect of oil revenues, 303-4 Amfr Kabir, see Amfr Nizam output Amfr-Khusravf, General, '109 less than peasant consumption Amfr Ni?:am (Amfr Kabfr), Mfrza Taqf (1971-2), 307 Khan Farahanf, 28, 51 n, 69n per capita, compared with urban, Amfr-Tahmasibf, General, 83 307-8 Amnesty International, 341 rate of growth, 304-5 Amuli, Akhiind Mulla Muhammad, 70n rising in 1930s, 116 Amuzegar, Jamshfd, 242, 342, 345 traditional distribution, 299 Anglo-Iranian Treaty (1919 Agreement), poorly treated by policy makers, 309 77-9,96-7n post-World War I economic contri­ Russian protest against, 76 bution, 95 Anglo-Iranian oil agreement (1933), share in national output (19th cen- 118-19, 183-4 tury), 43-4 Anglo-Iranian Oil Company source of capital and cheap labour, 295 compensation for nationalisation, state as monopoly buyer, 133 172 unaffected by urban economic depres- Gass-Gulsha' Ian Agreement, 158 sion (1940s), 157 income and expenditure (1933-49), see also Peasants 183 Al,tmad Shah, 91 Anglo-Persian Oil Company Airforce, involvement in People's agreement with Standard Oil Com­ Revolution, 350-1 pany, 94 Akhunduf, Fatl,t'ali, 104 set up (1908), 67 'Ala, Husain, 91, 190, 227, 358 variations in oil revenues paid to Iran, assassination attempt on, 148 I 17 forms caretaker government, 171 An~arf, Hushang, 235, 242 succeeds Ziihedf as premier, 196 'Aqilfzadeh, 'Abbas, 239 'Alam, Asadullah, 163n, 197, 224, Arable crops, 305 . 242 Aranf, Dr Taqf, 125, 144 Alamutr, Nural-Drn, 215, 23ln 'Arif, Abulqasim, 7ln, 80, 82, 88 375 376 Index Arms purchases Ilakhtfyar. Brigadier (later General) from Britain, 321 Taimiir, 195, 220 from Soviet Union, 320 assassination, 338 from USA, 318-19 plot against Shah, 338 Army Bakhtlyarf, Ja'afarqulf, 109 active in republican camp ( 1924), 89 Balance of payments, 328-9 budget allocation and actual expen­ after World War I, 66 diture, 131 effects of deficits, 48 expenditure in 19th century, 43 in 19th century, 38, 39-40 indiscriminate attacks on communities Balance of trade (1978), 348 during 1954-62, 206 little resistance to Allied Invasion non-oil sector ( 1948-53), 184-5 (1941), 135 Bank Bazarganf, 207 modernisation under Reza Shah, 168 Bank Melli Iran, 112 ordered back to barracks (1979), Bank Pars, 207 351 Bank Saderat, 207 Arsanjanr, I;Iasan, 215 Banking system, 67, 207, 292 land distribution proposals, 300 discrimination through nepotism and Asad-abadr, Sayyed Jamal al-Drn, 53 privilege, 113 Ashkanid system of government, 23-4 establishment of national bank, 112 Ashtryanr, Mrrza Hashim, 86 share of GNP, 257 'Ata 'ai-Dawleh, 69 Banque des Prets de Perse, 67 'Atarud, Major, 195 Baqa'f Kirmanf, Dr Mu?:affar, 149, 158, Ayrum, General, I 09 l 70, 177' 192 Azad, 'Abdulqadrr, 149, 158 no longer a supporter of Mu~addiq, 176 Azerbijan Barahinr, Reza, 340- I declaration of autonomy, 145 Bayani, Dr, 147 demand for home rule, I SO Bazar, see Merchant community extreme discrimination against, 133 Bazargan, Mehdf, 216, 238, 342-3 prosperity and strategic vulnerability, appointed premier by Khomaini, 350 149 Behbahanf, Sayyed 'Abdullah, 62, 64 uprising led by Democrats ( 1920s), Behbahanf, Sayyed Muhammad (Ayat- 150-l ullah), 177, 179, 190, 227, 358 reoccupation by central forces, I 55 Bihishtf, Sayyed Muhammad, 362 Azharr, General, 347-8 Bond issue (Popular Debt), 174 Azmiideh, General 1:1 usain, 21 5 Boulard, Sir Reader, 136n Azmiin, Maniichehr, 235 Britain anxious to see stability in Iran ( 1919), Babr movement, 62, 90 77 mid-19th century uprising, 70n attitudes to People's Revolution, 349- Baghdad Pact, 198 50 Bahadur, Sardar, 84 consulates closed down (1952), 175 Baha'r movement delegation sent to discuss oil, 172-3 opposition to Mashrii{eh, ?On dependence of conservatives on, 146 orchestrated attack on, 209n disliked by Reza Shah, 134 Bahar, 86 excluded from Reza Shah's modern­ Bahiri, 235 isation plans, Ill Bahrain, 315 51% of Anglo-Persian Oil Company, Bahram!, Farajullah, 83, 194 67 character, 108-9 hostility to oil nationalisation, 168, Bakhtryar, Dr Shapiir, 214, 216, 218 171-2 career, 349 influence in 1950s, 320- I refuses to hand over to Bazargan, 350 involvement in 1921 coup d'etat, 19 Index 377 Iran breaks off diplomatic relations, see also Administration structure 176 Class structure Kashanf opposed to political influence great mobility in Iran, 15, 243 of, 148 imposition of rights and obligations, misunderstanding of Iranian culture, II 168 not evident in Iran, 15 prevention of southward spread of rigidity in feudalism, II Bolshevism, 76 socio-economic, following fall of Reza reasons for lack of sympathy for Shah, 165-6 Amini, 314 see also Social structure repayment of wartime credit, 144 Committees of National Revenge, 343 role played in Reza Shah's abdication, Communications 136-7n effects of improvements, 49 secret treaty with Russia ( 1907), 59, 78 high priority in state budget, 114 support for Persian Revolution, 59 media ·taken over by Pan-Islamic British agents, 146 faction, 362 Budgets share of Gross National Product, 257 allocations (1928-33), 113, 114 Communist Party of Iran (CPI) (1934-41), 129, 130-1 formation ( 1920), 77 deficits, 67 persecution by Reza Shah, 123 departmental estimates unreliable, 68 see also Tudeh Party Bukhara'I, Muhammad, 240 Communist tendencies, 104 Bureaucracy Conservative groups expenditure in 19th century, 43 support for Razmara, 165 in pseudo-modernist Iran, 107-8 see also 'ldalat Party; Iradeh-yi Melli unnecessary growth of jobs, 208 Party Burujirdi, Ayatullah, 161 n, 209n, 298, Consortium Oil Agreement ( 1954), 173, 358 202 Buzarjumehri, Karim Aqa, 120n Constitution, written aim of Persian Revolution, 56 Capital drafted, 59 accumulation, 54 preservation by liberal tendency, 85 in agriculture, 295 royal assent, 59, 69n very limited in 19th century, 46 Construction industry movement across boundaries, 48 growth, 256 Capitalism investment share, 277 financial accumulation, 18-19 Consumption, 262, 264-5 non-universality, 8 Co-operatives, rural, 307, 310 Carpet weaving, 95 Council of Experts, 365 Cash crop production increases (19th Coup d'etat (1921), 79-80 century), 40-1 Coup d'etat ( 1953), 357 Cement production, 280 followed by political persecution, 193- Chlidur (women's overdress), 126 5 reintroduction attempted by Pan­ groups involved, 188-90 Islamists, 363 immediate reasons for success, 190-2 use forbidden, 126 initial defeat, 178 women allowed to resume, 141 but fall-back plan successful, 179 Chalfont, Lord (Arthur Gwynne Jones), landlords' subsequent power, 297 242, 316 resultant regime, 192-5 Chelsutiini, Mirza Abdullah (Ayatullah), US involvement, 188, 318 179, 227, 358 Credit, domestic sources of, 67 China, relations with, 317-18, 323-4 Crop-sharing, 299 Civil service, as 'lackeys of the state', 16 Cultural traditions 378 Index Cultural traditions (Contd) result of pseudo· modernist despotism, rediscovery as antidote to pseudo­ 128-9 modernism, I 07 theoretical framework for oil, 242-50 submerged by pseudo-modernism, 'Western bluepr~nt' approach, 203-4 105-6 Education, 286-7 Currency falling standards, 289 changes after Bank Melli established, free of charge, 288-9 112 growth in number of secondary debasement, 34 schools, 95 devaluation high priority in state budget, 114-15 during allied occupation, 142 increase in student numbers, 287 during 19th century, 35-7 legislation promoting higher edu- in 19th century, 34 cation, Ill remaining based on silver, 67 rising expenditure, 287-8 overvaluation, 327, 329 social structure of student body, 289 socially unjust policies, 132 D' Arcy concession, 67, 173, 183 spurious degrees, 290 abrogation, 113, 117, 118 student grants, 290 Darga hi, Brigadier, 123 views on Iran of European-educated Darfyush dam, 278 students, 124 Dashtr, Ali, 83, 109, 144 Engel, Ernst, 8-9 Davar, Ali Akbar, 83, 108, 110 Enzeli, entered by Soviet troops ( 1920), Dawlat-Abadf, 91 76 Dehkhuda, All Akbar, 104 Ephrim Khan, 68, 84 Derakhshish, Muhammad, 192,202,214, European framework 215 differences from Asiatic societies, 8 Despotism imposed on Iranian history, 7 compared with dictatorship, 236 imposed on Third World assessments, aims of overthrow by Persian Revol- 102 ution, 60 Exchange rates, 51 n applicability of term to Iran, 20-1 fluctuations in 19th century, 35 characteristics of Iranian type, 57 Exports contribution of modernism to over- composition and value ( 1963-78), 325 throw, 103 see also Trade effect on private property, 297 variations between European and Fada'fiin-i Islam (Selfless Devotees for Eastern, 13 Islam), 147, 162n, 358, 362 Development plans, see Plans Fada'fiin-i Khalq (Selfless Devotees of Dress, modernisation of, 125-6 the People), 217, 241, 333, 338, 362 Economic development, 18-20 Fakhrara'f, Na~ir, 155 non-existent in late 19th century, 45 Falsaff, weekly radio programme by, 193 Economy Farfvar, Ghulam-alf, 147, 215 changes from 1964, 256-69 Farm corporations,
Recommended publications
  • Disintegration of Iranian National Front: Causes and Motives

    Disintegration of Iranian National Front: Causes and Motives

    World Journal of Islamic History and Civilization, 2 (4): 237-245, 2012 ISSN 2225-0883 © IDOSI Publications, 2012 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wjihc.2012.2.4.2406 Disintegration of Iranian National Front: Causes and Motives 11Masoumeh Banitalebi, Kamaruzaman Yusoff and 2Zahra Khajeh Department of Political History, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia School of Language Studies and Linguistics, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia Abstract: National Front was a unique self-motivated political process whose main goal was considered as observing Iranians certain rights, manipulating free elections and preventing foreign forces from their negative influence on national benefit and interests and running regulations. This front was formed in 1949 by the leader of Dr. Mosaddeq. It was the most significant front against dictatorship and colonialism.1949 until 1979 the National Front was formed within four periods of times. The causes of National Front frustration can be accounted as weakness of organization and ideology, mistakes made by its leadership and different branches with the National Front. What were the reasons that National Front leaders could not pursue the same aim and it failed to form a coherent party? And it could not unite the political parties, unions, national communities and social groups? Why did not they learn anything from Mosaddeq’s failure and after 25 years, Bakhtiar experienced the same failure? The main purpose of this paper will be introducing the National Front’s leaders and their aims and that all these leaders followed the same route to achieve the countries benefits. Through a variety of mottos, Shah, U.S and Britain were not eager to give the National Front the power.
  • Evaluation of the Social Reasons for Defeating Political Parties in Iran Between the Years of 1942-1954

    Evaluation of the Social Reasons for Defeating Political Parties in Iran Between the Years of 1942-1954

    EVALUATION OF THE SOCIAL REASONS FOR DEFEATING POLITICAL PARTIES IN IRAN BETWEEN THE YEARS OF 1942-1954 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Mottov of $t|iIos;opIip IN SOCIOLOGY BY Naser Haghi Ghareh Darvishlou UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF Dr. Mohammad Akram DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL WORK ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (IIMOIA) 2012 -S5LM9 Political parties appeared on the scene when actions of an erstwhile political system attained a point of complexity that needed the introduction of a new political setup. Usually, political parties emerge when different classes of society become aware of their own interests, and the people of a country want the right to take part in political issues. The nineteenth century was an important phase in Iranian history, wherein political, social and economic corruption were the most obvious problem that Iranians faced. Tremendous increases of such problems have been the reason for the occurrence of all revolutions and reforms in Iran. With the allied occupation of Iran and the exile of Reza Shah, social chaos increased in the 1940s. Also, as a resuU of the Second World War, and because of the lack of a steady government, the country was led to anarchy. This problem offended Iranians more when they became aware of the degree and speed of development in the western countries. When Iranian intellectuals came into direct contact with western countries, they tried to regenerate the political structure of their own country to bring about political stability. After Reza Shah, especially between 1942 and 1954, there came a unique historical opportimity for Iranian elites to form a democratic political structure, whereas during the reign of Reza Shah, political parties and other active groups had been inactive.
  • The Jurist State and the Dilemma of the Institutionalization of Parties in Iran

    The Jurist State and the Dilemma of the Institutionalization of Parties in Iran

    JOURNAL FOR IRANIAN STUDIES Specialized Studies A Peer-Reviewed Quarterly Periodical Journal Year 1. issue 3- June, 2017 ISSUED BY Arabian Gulf Centre for Iranian Studies www.arabiangcis.org The Jurist State and the Dilemma of the Institutionalization of Parties in Iran Mohammed Bashandi Specialist researcher in political sciences ran had been familiar with the failings of political parties and organizations before the Iranian revolution of 1979. IUnder the Shah’s regime, the religious, nationalist, and Marxist parties faced intense pressure from the country’s authorities, forcing them to work underground.1 The situation hardly changed after the revolution, following the defeat of the liberal and then the socialist movements in the wake of the uprising, with nonreligious parties ultimately failing to attain any parliamentary representation; this became effectively impossible after the new constitution imposed regulations against political parties’ work. 8 Journal for Iranian Studies º Year 1,issue 3 ,June. 2017 The Jurist State and the Dilemma of the Institutionalization of Parties in Iran Iran’s current theocratic political system is founded on the theory of the Jurist Leadership [Wilayat-Faqih], which rests on three pillars. First is the religious pillar represented by the Supreme Leader and the senior clerics who rule the country. Second is the security pillar in the form of the Iranian Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) and the security services, which are affiliated with the Supreme Leader.2 The third is the political pillar embodied by the elected political institutions; this is the weakest of the three in terms of influence in political decision-making, which is negligible unlike the absolute power of the unelected organs of state.
  • Iran Country Fact Sheet

    Iran Country Fact Sheet

    Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets file:///C:/Documents and Settings/brendelt/Desktop/temp rir/Country Fact... Français Home Contact Us Help Search canada.gc.ca Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets Home Country Fact Sheet IRAN December 2007 Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Research Directorate of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada on the basis of publicly available information, analysis and comment. All sources are cited. This document is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed or conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. For further information on current developments, please contact the Research Directorate. Table of Contents 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 2. POLITICAL BACKGROUND 3. POLITICAL PARTIES 4. ARMED GROUPS 5. FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS ENDNOTES REFERENCES 1. GENERAL INFORMATION Official name Islamic Republic of Iran (Jomhori-e Islami-e Irân). Geography Iran is in western Asia, in the Middle East. It is bordered by Turkey and Iraq to the west and Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east; it is bordered by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to the south and Armenia, Azerbaijan, the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan to the north. The country’s total 1 of 18 9/17/2013 7:52 AM Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets file:///C:/Documents and Settings/brendelt/Desktop/temp rir/Country Fact... area is 1.65 million km2. Iran’s climate is mostly arid and semi-arid, with a humid rainforest zone along the Caspian coast.
  • US Foreign Policy and Its Perspectives on Revolutionary Iran

    US Foreign Policy and Its Perspectives on Revolutionary Iran

    A Fleeting, Forgotten, Modus Vivendi: U.S. Foreign Policy and its Perspectives on Revolutionary Iran Before the Hostage Crisis of 1979 By Nathan Eckman Senior Thesis Spring 2018 Columbia University Department of History Seminar Advisor: Matthew Connelly Faculty Advisor: Peter Awn Table of Contents 2 Preface & Acknowledgments 3 Introduction 11 Chapter One: America, The Arbiter January – December, 1978 25 Chapter Two: “The Islamic Movement Will Squander” January – April, 1979 42 Chapter Three: Dawn in Qom, Dusk in Tehran May – November, 1979 54 Conclusion 60 Bibliography Eckman 1 Preface & Acknowledgments Four years ago I was in the Middle East wearing Marine Corps combat utilities. The men I trained beside, the seas and straits my ship traveled through, and the lands my platoon traversed illuminated the complexity and richness of the Middle East as a whole. I became fascinated with the region’s history and the United States’ involvement in it. It was also then that I decided to study the region whenever and wherever I went to school. Even then, due in part to its mysterious image and rogue-classification, I knew Iran must be the topic of my studies. So to begin, I must thank Columbia University and its History Department for providing me the opportunity to make my intellectual aspirations a reality. My years at this institution have challenged me on nearly every front and simultaneously given me the autonomy to find answers for myself. This, of course, is possible only because of the people that are the fabric of this great institution. It is tempting to list every man and woman who helped me along this journey.
  • Discursive Continuity of Political Nationalism As a Form of Opposition Politics in Modern Iran

    Discursive Continuity of Political Nationalism As a Form of Opposition Politics in Modern Iran

    DISCURSIVE CONTINUITY OF POLITICAL NATIONALISM AS A FORM OF OPPOSITION POLITICS IN MODERN IRAN A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY PINAR ARIKAN SİNKAYA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS SEPTEMBER 2015 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Bağcı Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. İhsan Dağı (METU, IR) Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık (METU, IR) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zana Çitak Aytürk (METU, IR) Asst. Prof. Dr. Derya Göçer Akder (METU, ARS) Assoc. Prof. Dr. İlker Aytürk (BİLKENT, POLS) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Pınar Arıkan Sinkaya Signature : iii ABSTRACT DISCURSIVE CONTINUITY OF POLITICAL NATIONALISM AS A FORM OF OPPOSITION POLITICS IN MODERN IRAN Arıkan Sinkaya, Pınar Ph.D., Department of International Relations Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık September 2015, 392 pages The dissertation examines political nationalism as a transformative power of modern Iranian politics at the societal level through historical-sociological study of four mass opposition movements, which are the Constitutional Movement (1906-11), National Front Movement (1949-53), Iranian Revolution Movement (1978-79), and Green Movement (2009).
  • 1- Author Siavush Randjbar-Daemi Title “Down with the Monarchy”: Iran's Republican Moment of August 1953 Contact Email Si

    1- Author Siavush Randjbar-Daemi Title “Down with the Monarchy”: Iran's Republican Moment of August 1953 Contact Email Si

    CIST-2016-0073 Author Siavush Randjbar-Daemi Title “Down with the Monarchy”: Iran’s Republican Moment of August 1953 Contact Email [email protected] Acknowledgments Siavush Randjbar-Daemi is Lecturer (Assistant Professor) in Iranian History, School of Arts, Languages and Cultures, University of Manchester. The research for this article was first presented at a workshop co-organised by the Author and Oliver Bast in Manchester in September 2013. The Author is grateful to the participants, particularly Ervand Abrahamian and Mark Gasiorowski, and to Fakhreddin Azimi, Eskandar Sadeghi-Boroujerdi, Homa Katouzian, Nasser Mohajer and the anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. The Author has been assisted in the retrieval of essential sources by Hosayn Amini, Mohammad-Hosayn Khosrowpanāh, Rezā Khojasteh-Rahimi and Maryam Shabāni. -1- Siavush Randjbar-Daemi “Down with the Monarchy”: Iran’s Republican Moment of August 1953 Abstract The purpose of this article is to explore and analyze Iran’s “Republican Moment” of 16-19 August 1953, arguably the last concerted effort to abolish the monarchy and establish a republican order in the county prior to the Revolution of 1978-79. By drawing on a broad range of primary source material that have thus far remained relatively understudied by existing scholarship, such as the political press of those crucial days, the essay will attempt to shed light on a number of significant domestic developments which impacted the outcome of the actual coup of 19 August 1953. Further attempt will be made to explain the importance of calls in favor of the Republic and the Premier Mosaddeq refusal to take heed of them.
  • Imagining Iran: Contending Political Discourses in Modern Iran

    Imagining Iran: Contending Political Discourses in Modern Iran

    IMAGINING IRAN: CONTENDING POLITICAL DISCOURSES IN MODERN IRAN By MAJID SHARIFI A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2008 1 © Majid Sharifi 2 “To Sheki, Annahitta, and Ava with Love” 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am very grateful and deeply indebted to many people whose assistance made this project possible. First and foremost, I thank my wife, Sheki, whose patience and support were indispensable. I also thank my two daughters, Annahitta and Ava, for the sacrifices each made on my behalf. Two years of research have gone into this dissertation, which would not have been possible without the indispensable influence, guidance, direction, and inspiration of the people in the Department of Political Science at the University of Florida. I must thank Professor Goran Hyden, who influenced my decision in starting the Ph.D. program in 2003. Without Professor Hyden, I probably would have stayed in Miami. I am most indebted to Professor Ido Oren, who stimulated my initial interest in the politics of identity, interpretative epistemology, and the significance of history. During the past two years, Dr. Oren has spent numerous hours listening, reading, and constructively criticizing my work. Without Professor Oren, my approach would have been less bold and more conventional. Professor Oren taught me innovative ways of looking at history, politics, and identities. Most significantly, I am grateful to Professor Leann Brown who has been the guidepost for directing this research. Whenever I was in need of guidance or inspiration, her office was my first and only destination.
  • Iran April 2004

    Iran April 2004

    IRAN COUNTRY REPORT April 2004 Country Information & Policy Unit IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY DIRECTORATE HOME OFFICE, UNITED KINGDOM Iran Country Report April 2004 CONTENTS 1 Scope of Document 1.1 - 1.7 2 Geography 2.1 - 2.2 3 Economy 3.1 - 3.9 4 History 4.1 Pre - 1979 4.2 - 4.3 1979 - 1989 4.4 - 4.9 1990 - 1996 4.10 - 4.13 1997 - 1999 4.14 - 4.20 2000 4.21 - 4.28 2001 to Current 4.29 - 4.37 Student Unrest - June 2003 4.38 - 4.42 Parliamentary Elections - February 2004 4.43 - 4.45 5 State Structures The Constitution 5.1 Citizenship and Nationality 5.2 - 5.4 Political System 5.5 - 5.9 Political Parties 5.10 - 5.15 Judiciary 5.16 - 5.34 Court Documentation 5.35 - 5.37 Legal Rights and Detention 5.38 - 5.42 Death Penalty 5.43 - 5.45 Internal Security 5.46 - 5.52 Prisons and Prison Conditions 5.53 - 5.58 Military Service 5.59 - 5.61 Medical Services 5.62 Drugs 5.63 Drug Addiction 5.64 - 5.65 Psychiatric Treatment 5.66 - 5.68 HIV/AIDS 5.69 - 5.71 People with Disabilities 5.72 Educational System 5.73 - 5.76 6 Human Rights 6.A Human Rights issues General 6.1 - 6.18 Freedom of Speech and the Media 6.19 - 6.28 Press Law 6.29 - 6.48 Internet and Satellite 6.49 - 6.53 Freedom of Religion 6.54 - 6.60 Legal Framework 6.61 - 6.62 Sunni Muslims 6.63 Christians 6.64 - 6.68 Apostasy/Conversions 6.69 - 6.72 Jews 6.73 - 6.78 Zoroastrians 6.79 - 6.80 Sabeans (Mandeans) 6.81 Baha'is 6.82 - 6.95 Freedom of Assembly and Association 6.96 - 6.103 Employment Rights 6.104 - 6.109 People Trafficking 6.110 Freedom of Movement 6.111 - 6.119 Refugees in Iran 6.120
  • The Struggle for the Revolution's Soul

    The Struggle for the Revolution's Soul

    IRAN: THE STRUGGLE FOR THE REVOLUTION’S SOUL 5 August 2002 ICG Middle East Report N°5 Amman/Brussels TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. IRAN’S POLITICAL STRUCTURE: RELIGION, REVOLUTION AND REFORM ................................................................................................................................. 3 A. THE CONSTITUTIONAL CENTRES OF POWER ..........................................................................3 1. The Supreme Leader of the Revolution.....................................................................3 2. The President .............................................................................................................5 3. The Constitutional Assemblies..................................................................................5 B. SECURITY AND PARASTATAL FORCES ...................................................................................7 1. Revolutionary Foundations........................................................................................7 2. The Law Enforcement Forces....................................................................................8 3. The Basij Militia........................................................................................................8 4. The Revolutionary Guards.........................................................................................8

  • The Culture of Revolution: Revolutionary Transformation in Iran

    UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 8-2010 The Culture of revolution: Revolutionary transformation in Iran Autoosa Elizabeth Kojoori-Saatchi University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the International Relations Commons, and the Islamic World and Near East History Commons Repository Citation Kojoori-Saatchi, Autoosa Elizabeth, "The Culture of revolution: Revolutionary transformation in Iran" (2010). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/2153789 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE CULTURE OF REVOLUTION: REVOLUTIONARY TRANSFORMATION IN IRAN by Autoosa Elizabeth Kojoori-Saatchi Bachelor of Arts University of Nevada, Las Vegas 2005 A thesis document submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
  • Iran's Ministry of Intelligence and Security: a Profile

    Iran's Ministry of Intelligence and Security: a Profile

    A Report Prepared by the Federal Research Division, Library of Congress under an Interagency Agreement with the Combating Terrorism Technical Support Office’s Irregular Warfare Support Program December 2012 Federal Research Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 205404840 Tel: 2027073900 Fax: 2027073920 E-Mail: [email protected] Homepage: http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/ This report presents an overview of Iran’s Ministry of Intelligence and Security and attempts to provide an inclusive assessment of the organization, including characteristics such as its history and development, organizational structure, and recruitment. The information in this report was collected mainly from Farsi and English journals, online news Web sites, and Iranian blogs. In conducting this analysis, an effort has been made to ensure the reliaBility of the information by comparing and contrasting all information across multiple sources. However, because of the secretive nature of the organization and its operations, information about the ministry is difficult to locate and evaluate. Because of the extreme degree of control of the media and news by the government of the Islamic RepuBlic of Iran, Iranians have to depend on alternative sources such as blogs to receive daily news. For example, in 2005 Iran had the third-largest numBer of bloggers in the world after the United States and China, an indication of the importance of the communication and dissemination of news through blogs and social media. Needless to say, the Ministry of Intelligence and Security does not publish information about its activities on Iranian Web sites. Consequently, in the absence of official government information, this report occasionally relies on social media, in particular blogs, as a source of information more than might ordinarily be warranted.