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Basil Spence: Buildings and Projects

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Basil Spence: Buildings and Projects Edinburgh Research Explorer Review - Basil Spence: Buildings and Projects Citation for published version: Fair, A 2012, 'Review - Basil Spence: Buildings and Projects', Society of Architectural Historians of Great Britain Newsletter, vol. 107, pp. 15-16. <http://www.sahgb.org.uk/UserFiles/File/SAH_Newsletter_Vol_107.pdf> Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: Society of Architectural Historians of Great Britain Newsletter Publisher Rights Statement: © Fair, A. (2012). Review - Basil Spence: Buildings and Projects. Society of Architectural Historians of Great Britain Newsletter, 107, 15-16 General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 27. Sep. 2021 work: the finely crafted north transept extension was the nineteenth century) on King’s Parade, Cambridge, completed to his designs, and a successful bid to the with a flat-roofed Modernist block, failing to take into Millennium Commission enabled the crossing tower to be account the fact that the existing fabric consisted of small- erected at the same time. Pethers prepared new designs for scale vertical elements with a broken skyline. One can only the upper stages of the tower, drawing on precedents from utter a heartfelt Laus Deo that it was never realised. Long Melford ( 1903 ), Cattistock, Dorset ( 1876 ), and Symondson’s book has a sensible Foreword by Alan Wastell’s Bell Harry tower at Canterbury ( 1490 -1515 ). Powers, but Harwood’s has a superfluous one by Piers Despite machinations (some particularly poisonous), the Gough, in which the Barbican is categorised as ‘baroque’, mighty tower was completed ( 2005 ) under the direction of a misuse of the word if ever there was one. One aspect of the Gothic Design Practice founded by Pethers with Hugh the contrasting approaches described in these necessary Mathew (SEDB’s professional partner from 1969 ). books needs to be emphasised: SEDB used traditional However, the Fabric Advisory Committee and certain materials intelligently, and they have stood the test of time; members of the Chapter remained hostile, so when a new CP&B’s (as the firm is referred to in Harwood’s text) Dean was appointed in 2006 , despite the fact that buildings, on the other hand, which may have looked well comparatively little was left to be done, including the in photographs for the architectural press, often failed to completion of the cloister and the furnishings, hanging perform satisfactorily, resulting in early demolition, not an pyx, and screens for the Chapel of the Apostles, all to uncommon fate of overrated, conspicuously wasteful designs by Pethers, he was discharged, even though his Modernist buildings. achievements were regarded as triumphs by those who james stevens curl know something about scholarly architecture and traditional construction. Symondson records the cavalier LOUISE CAMPBELL, MILES GLENDINNING and ways in which both SEDB and Pethers were treated with JANE THOMAS (eds): Basil Spence: Buildings and telling understatement: subsequent works at Bury compare Projects (RIBA Publishing, 2012 , 372 pp, numerous illus., unfavourably with their carefully considered designs. £45 .00 , ISBN: 9781859463093 ) Harwood’s monograph deals with the œuvre of the firm established by Peter Hugh Girard Chamberlin ( 1919 -78 ), Several years ago, when my parents moved from Glasgow Geoffry Charles Hamilton Powell ( 1920 -99 ), and Christof to Yorkshire, I was delegated to supervise the removal men Rudolf Bon ( 1921 -99 ). When Powell won the competition as they packed up the house. Over morning coffee, upon for the Golden Lane housing scheme in the City of learning that I was an architectural historian, the removers London (built 1953 -57 ), Chamberlin, Powell, & Bon was volunteered their views on Glasgow buildings past and established, and shortly afterwards the City invited it to present. The best architect ever to have worked in the city, submit ideas for some 35 acres of land which led to the they suggested, was Alexander Thomson. The worst, they commission to design the huge Barbican development opined, was Basil Spence, his name followed by a string of (1955 -82 ), arguably the best example in the British Isles of colourful expletives in broad Glaswegian. Their critique a high-density urban scheme incorporating cultural, was the result of Spence’s work for Glasgow Corporation residential, and educational uses, influenced by the theories in the reconstruction of the inner-city Gorbals district in of ‘Le Corbusier’ ( 1887 -1965 ). Other works included the early 1960 s. Spence’s ‘Hutchie C’ flats reinterpreted Bousfield Primary School, The Boltons, South Kensington Le Corbusier’s Unité d’Habitation, their double-height (1952 -56 ), where coloured panels in the cladding were balconies likened by their designer to hanging gardens in supposed to have a didactic purpose, but the excessive which washing hung out to dry would give the amounts of glass caused problems with solar heat gain and impression of ‘a great ship in full sail’. But poor glare (a common problem at that time); The Processing management, as much as anything else, meant that ‘the Building, Cooper Taber Seed Factory, Witham, Essex Queenies’ had by the 1980 s fallen into disrepair; they were (1954 -56 , demolished); the Rossdale House, 30 a Hendon dynamited in 1993 . Avenue, Finchley ( 1955 -58 ); the Clutsom & Kemp Whereas Spence may be remembered on Clydeside as a Showroom, Oxford Street, London ( 1957 -8, destroyed); the villain, he has become something of a marginal figure in Cullum Welch and Crescent blocks at Golden Lane the broader historical record. That this is so is perhaps (designed 1954 -55 ); Two Saints School, near the Elephant surprising. Spence was the best-known architect amongst and Castle, London ( 1958 -60 : only the pentagonal block the public in the 1950 s and 1960 s. Following his much- survives); Shipley Salt School, Higher Coach Road, publicised win in the competition to design Coventry Shipley, West Riding of Yorkshire ( 1959 -65 : replaced in Cathedral in 1951 , his fame was secured by numerous press 2005 because of endemic problems of solar heat gain and and television appearances (explaining, perhaps, the inadequate sound insulation); Cheltenham Grammar removers’ attribution of the Gorbals in toto to him). School ( 1960 -65 : demolished from 1990 after high alumina However, for those who sought to ‘purify’ the Modern cement was found to have been used in its construction); Movement in the 1950 s and 1960 s, Spence’s approach, New Hall (now Murray Edwards College), Cambridge steeped in his Arts and Crafts training at Edinburgh (1958 -68 : in which a new monumental formalism is found, College of Art and with Lutyens, seemed dangerously especially in the domed hall, though Pevsner found the romantic in its pursuit of meaning through formal ‘sliced orange-peel details of the hall dome’ odd, and the mechanisms. This attitude has infused previous histories. ‘historic allusions’ a ‘sign of weakness’); and buildings for Peter Kidson, Peter Murray and Paul Thompson’s Pelican Leeds University ( 1960 -78 : which involved the destruction volume on English architecture ( 1965 ) suggests that it is of the Leeds General Cemetery at the insistence of the ‘unfortunate’ that so much attention has been given to university authorities). The firm also produced sundry Spence’s cathedral design as ‘a Gothic revival structure master plans, including a scheme to replace the series of with Baroque tricks and modernistic detail’. Kenneth varied individual buildings (dating from the sixteenth to Frampton’s classic history of Modern architecture ( 1980 ) omits Spence altogether in heading straight for Alison and What emerges from the book is the sheer variety of Peter Smithson. William Curtis ( 1996 ) sees good in Spence’s practice, and of the paradoxes that shaped it. Here Spence’s intentions, but calls Coventry an ‘expressive was a man who spoke extensively to the public yet was failure’. More recently, Spence has been given a fairer notoriously shy and maddened by criticism. He was drawn hearing by Nick Bullock ( 2002 ) and John R. Gold ( 2007 ), to the ideal of the atelier within his home, seeking close but even then, Bullock also highlights the unplaced engagement with his projects, yet he headed a complex Coventry submissions by Colin St John Wilson and Peter series of essentially independent offices spread across Carter, and by the Smithsons. London and Edinburgh, almost a franchise operation. He The task of Basil Spence: Buildings and Projects , therefore, was an establishment figure – his ‘lead’ practice in is to make afresh the case for its subject. Drawing Canonbury revelled in the name ‘Sir Basil Spence OM productively on the extensive archive that is now housed RA’ – yet he was fiercely criticised in the wake of cost in Edinburgh, the book’s focus is entirely apposite. Unlike over-runs and functional problems at Hyde Park. His early the generation that came to prominence in the 1950 s, housing comprised sensitive insertions into existing Spence was not much prone to abstract theorising. His environments in best Geddesian tradition, yet the Gorbals output thus stands as the clearest expression of his ideas, was an exercise in full-blown Corbusian Brutalism. This and the account of it that we are given makes a fascinating same tension is evident elsewhere. For example, the Rome and much-needed contribution to British architectural Embassy responded carefully to the adjacent Porta Pia, but history.
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