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Field Surveys on the Indonesian Coelacanth, Latimeria Menadoensis Using Remotely Been Described

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Field Surveys on the Indonesian Coelacanth, Latimeria Menadoensis Using Remotely Been Described Bull. Kitakyushu Mus. Nat. Hist. Hum. Hist., Ser. A, 17: 49–56, March 31, 2019 Field surveys on the Indonesian coelacanth, Latimeria menadoensis using remotely been described. The aim of this study is to clear their habitat Allometric growth in the extant coelacanth lung during capture of a coelacanth off Madagascar. South African operated vehicles from 2005 to 2015 and distribution. ontogenetic development. Nature Communications, 6: Journal of Science 92: 150–151. 8222. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9222 POUYAUD, L., WIRJOATMODJO, S., RACHMATIKA, I., TJAKRAWIDJAJA, DE VOS, L. and OYUGI, D. 2002. First capture of a coelacanth, A., HADIATY, R. and HADIE, W. 1999. A new species of Masamitsu IWATA 1, Yoshitaka YABUMOTO2, Toshiro SARUWATARI3,4, Shinya YAMAUCHI1, Kenichi FUJII1, METHODS Latimeria chalumnae SMITH, 1939 (Pisces, Latimeriidae), coelacanth. Genetic and morphologic proof. C. R. 1 1 5 5 6 7 off Kenya. South African Journal of Science, 98: 345–347. Academy of Science, 322: 261–267. Rintaro ISHII , Toshiaki MORI , Frensly D. HUKOM , DIRHAMSYAH , Teguh PERISTIWADY , Augy SYAHAILATUA , Two remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) (Kowa; ERDMANN, M. V., CALDWELL, R. L. and MOOSA, M. K. 1998. SMITH, J. L. B. 1939. The living coelacanth fish from South 8 8 8 1 Kawilarang W. A. MASENGI , Ixchel F. MANDAGI , Fransisco PANGALILA and Yoshitaka ABE VEGA300) were used for the surveys. The first ROV was Indonesian ‘king of the sea’ discovered. Nature, 395: 335. Africa. Nature, 143: 748–750. replaced with the second one in 2007. Our ROVs are able to overhang off Talise Island between 144 and 150 m deep. There again in October 2015 on a steep slope (Table 2: E25, E27). FRICKE, H., REINICKE, O., HOFER, H. and NACHTIGALL, W. SMITH, J. L. B. 1953. The second coelacanth. Nature, 171: 1Aquamarine Fukushima, Marine Science Museum, 50 Tatsumi-cho, Onahama, Iwaki, Fukushima, 971-8101, Japan dive up to 300 m depth. These had two vertical, two horizontal was almost no water current in this area. All individuals were The coelacanth ID 28 was found on the 1st November along 1987. Locomotion of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae 99–101. 2Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, 2-4-1 Higashida, Yahata Higashi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, and two right-left propellers and these were controlled from a close to each other under the same overhang and most of them one of the large rocks scattered on a gentle slope in a bay of in its natural environment. Nature, 329: 331–333. SMITH, C. L., RAND, C. S., SCHAEFFER, B. and ATZ, J. W. 1975. 805-0071, Japan boat on surface through a 400 m long tether cable. The stayed still with their head facing downward. Four days later, the Lolak Island by 125 m depth. FRICKE, H., HISSMANN, K., SCHAUER, J., REINICKE, O., KASANG, Latimeria, the living coelacanth, is ovoviviparous. Science, 3 Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashimanohara, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan underwater operations were visualized on a screen with ID 9 was observed again, alone on a steep slope at 172.9 m The encountered Indonesian coelacanths during these L. and PLANTE, R. 1991. Habitat and population size of 190: 1105–1106. 4Seikei Education and Research Center for Sustainable Development, Seikei Gakuen, 3-3-1 Kichijoji-Kitamachi, information including directions of ROVs, depth, water depth (Table 2: E12), which was located within several dozen surveys were in caves, alongside large rocks, under overhangs coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae at Grand Comoro. VENTER, P., TIMM, P., GUNN, G., LE ROUX, E., SERFONTEIN, E., Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan 5Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Science, Jl. Pasir Putih I, Ancol Timur, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia temperature, date and time. All data were directly recorded on meters far from Talise-2 and 30 m deeper. or on steep slopes (Table 2; Fig. 2). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 32: 287–300. SMITH, P., SMITH, E., BENSCH, M., HARDING, D. and 6Technical Implementation Unit Marine Biota Conservation Bitung, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Colombo, Kec, Maesa, video-tapes on the boat. Since the 2007 survey, water Four new coelacanths were recorded from the 29th Most individuals were found under overhangs or FRICKE, H., HISSMANN, K., SCHAUER, J., ERDMANN, M., HEEMSTRA, P. 2000. Discovery of a viable population of Bitung Tengah, Maesa, Kota Bitung, Sulawesi Utara, 95511, Indonesia temperature and depth were independently recorded with more September to the 6th October 2009 in Talise and Banggka alongside large rocks. Some individuals were encountered not MOOSA, M. K. and PLANTE, R. 2000. Biogeography of the coelacanths (Latimeria chalumnae SMITH, 1939) at 7Research Center for Deep Sea, Indonesian Institute of Science, Jl. Y. Syaranamual, Guru-Guru, Poka, Ambon, 97233, Indonesia accuracy by external measuring memories (Alec Electronics, Islands and off Manado (Table 2: E13 and 14, ID 13, 14, 15). to hide in any shade and stayed just on rocky slopes. In Indonesian coelacanth. Nature, 403: 38. Sodwana Bay, South Africa. South African Journal of 8 Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Jl. Kampus UNSRAT Bahu, Manado, Sulawesi Utara, later named JFE Alec; MDS-MKV/T, MDS-MKV/D). In ID 15 is the only juvenile coelacanth filmed so far. It was in a overhangs and cracks, all individuals had their ventral side HEEMSTRA, P. C., FREEMAN, A. L., WONG, H. Y., HENSLEY, D. Science, 96: 567–568. 95115, Indonesia addition two laser beam irradiators, that provide line lasers of small crack between 164.6 and 170.9 m deep in a temperature alongside and close to a rock wall, but without touching it. A. and RABESANDRATANA, H. D. 1996. First authentic 20-cm distance, were attached to the second ROV and have between 14.5 and 15 °C. Estimated total lengths are shown in Table 3. Most (Received August 24, 2018; accepted November 9, 2018) been used to register the size of encountered animals. The The shallowest record of a coelacanth was at 115.6 m individuals are more than 1 m in total length. ID 15 is a surveys were conducted off northern parts of Sulawesi Island depth off the southern part of Manado (Table 2: E16, juvenile individual of 31.5 cm and ID 23 is 90 cm in total and along the Biak Island located in northwestern New Guinea Manado-3) on the 9th October in 2009. ID 16 (Table 2) was length. No individual beyond 140 cm has been recorded in ABSTRACT − Habitats of the Indonesian coelacanth, Latimeria menadoensis, were investigated by Remotely Island, Indonesia. The areas and time periods of each survey found at the end of the morning, alone alongside a large rock Indonesia so far. restricted as those of the African coelacanths, and so a broader and other staffs for our work on the research boat. Dr. BATUNA Operated Vehicles (ROVs) surveys in the northern coast of Sulawesi Island and southern coast of Biak Island by are shown in Table 1 and Fig. 1. on the edge of a shelf. The water temperature was about 20.0 distribution of the Indonesian coelacanth could be expected. and the Murex staffs supported our daily life during the collaboration of Aquamarine Fukushima (Japan), and Indonesian Institute of Sciences and Sam Ratulangi ºC. Occurrences of coelacanths along the eastern coast of the expeditions. We would like to express our sincere thanks to University (Indonesia) from 2005 to 2015. The Remotely Operated Vehicles operations were conducted 1173 From the 6th to the 16th November in 2010, the field of the propellers of the ROV. level changed, the water flow was reversed. Coelacanths African continent were recorded in South Africa (SMITH, colleagues at Aquamarine Fukushima, Japan, for their times and coelacanths were encountered 30 times. A total of 30 different individuals were observed at a depth range RESULTS survey was conducted around Biak Island (Table 1: R9). Adult DISCUSSION Temperature and depth data for each Indonesian always kept their head against the water flow, like other 1939), Comoros (SMITH, 1953), Madagascar (HEEMSTRA et al., understanding and supports. We would like to thank Dr. Gaël from 115.6 m to 218.9 m deep. The water temperature was between 12.4 to 21.5 ºC. Most of the individuals were coelacanths were found at two different sites (Table 2: coelacanth record are shown in Fig. 3. Though an average of observed actinopterygian fishes did. It means that as the 1996), Kenya (DE VOS and OYUGI, 2002), Tanzania (BENNO et CLÉMENT of Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle and Dr. found alone, however, schools of two, three and six individuals were also observed. The Indonesian coelacanth, L. The field survey of the Indonesian coelacanth, Latimeria E17–19). Two individuals (ID 17 and 18) were found under an During the field surveys by underwater ROV recording water temperature on the ocean surface was about 30 °C, the direction of the water flow changed, the swimming direction of al., 2006), and Mozambique (BRUTON et al., 1992). In Camila CUPELLO of Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro menadoensis, was observed at a similar depth of the African coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae, and the temperature menadoensis, was conducted 14 times from 2005 to 2015 with overhang between 212.5 and 218.9 m deep (Table 2: Biak-1) for Indonesian coelacanths, Latimeria menadoensis, from 2005 temperature often dropped into about 11 °C at 300 m water depth. each coelacanth individual changed accordingly. Indonesia, coelacanths have only been found off the northern as a referee for their critical reading of the manuscript and their range also seems to be very similar. However, Latimeria menadoensis was sometimes observed besides big rocks 1173 underwater operations around Sulawesi and Biak islands on the 11th November.
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