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Scientific Report | Version 30/06/2013 ESPON TANGO – Territorial Approaches for New Governance Applied Research 2013/1/21 Draft Scientific Report | Version 30/06/2013 ESPON 2013 1 This report presents a more detailed overview of the analytical approach to be applied by the project. This Applied Research Project is conducted within the framework of the ESPON 2013 Programme, partly financed by the European Regional Development Fund. The partnership behind the ESPON Programme consists of the EU Commission and the Member States of the EU27, plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. Each partner is represented in the ESPON Monitoring Committee. This report does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the members of the Monitoring Committee. Information on the ESPON Programme and projects can be found on www.espon.eu The web site provides the possibility to download and examine the most recent documents produced by finalised and ongoing ESPON projects. This basic report exists only in an electronic version. © ESPON & Nordregio 2013 Printing, reproduction or quotation is authorised provided the source is acknowledged and a copy is forwarded to the ESPON Coordination Unit in Luxembourg. ESPON 2013 2 List of authors Nordregio (Lead Partner) Peter Schmitt, Lisa van Well, Stefanie Lange Scherbenske, Mitchell Reardon Delft University of Technology / OTB Research (Partner 2) Dominic Stead, Marjolein Spaans, Wil Zonneveld, Alexander Wandl Politecnico di Torino / POLITO (Partner 3) Umberto Janin Rivolin, Francesca Governa, Marco Santangelo, Giancarlo Cotella, Nadia Caruso, Alberta De Luca University of Newcastle upon Tyne (Partner 4) Simin Davoudi, Paul Cowie, Ali Madanipour, Geoff Vigar, Centre for Regional Studies of the Hungarian Academy of Science (Partner 5) Ilona Pálné Kovács, Cecília Mezei, Zoltán Grünhut University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering (Partner 6) Alma Zavodnik Lamovšek, Nataša Pichler-Milanović, Marko Peterlin, Maja Simoneti 3 Table of contents 1 The ESPON TANGO approach .......................................................................................... 8 1.1 Organisation of the project.............................................................................................. 9 1.2 Theoretical underpinnings of Territorial Governance................................................... 13 2 Developing a typology of territorial governance........................................................... 25 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 25 2.1 Typologies of spatial planning........................................................................................ 31 2.2 Method .......................................................................................................................... 35 2.3 Cluster analysis............................................................................................................... 37 2.4 Trends in Territorial Governance ................................................................................... 41 2.5 National approaches to territorial governance ............................................................. 44 2.6 Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 46 2.7 Presentation of the online questionnaire survey .......................................................... 50 2.8 Detailed results on the analysis of key trends in territorial governance ....................... 60 3 The ESPON TANGO framework for exploring territorial governance............................ 69 3.1 On the search of indicators of territorial governance................................................... 69 3.2 Refining the initial set of indicators of territorial governance....................................... 74 3.3 The Delphi Method ........................................................................................................ 78 3.3.1 An outline of the Delphi Method............................................................................. 78 3.4.2 The Policy Delphi..................................................................................................... 79 3.4.3 Problems and pitfalls .............................................................................................. 80 3.4.4 The ESPON TANGO Delphi Survey Methodology .................................................... 81 3.5 The results from the Delphi Questionnaire Method ..................................................... 82 3.5.1 The sampling methodology .................................................................................... 82 3.5.2 Results from Round 1.............................................................................................. 83 3.5.3 Summary results from Round 2 .............................................................................. 84 3.5.4 The Indicators in detail............................................................................................ 86 3.6 Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 97 3.7 Example: Questionaire of Delphi Survey (round two) ................................................... 99 4 Territorial Governance at play...................................................................................... 116 4.1 Background and context of the selection of case studies........................................... 116 4.2 Case study methodology............................................................................................. 121 4.2.1 Stage one: Tracing our initial hypotheses along the five dimension of territorial governance............................................................................................................ 123 4.2.2 Stage two: assessing the practices of territorial governance along the 12 indicators 124 4.2.3 Analysing and synthesising the case studies: the 20 components of territorial governance............................................................................................................ 125 4.3 An excerpt of the case study guidelines for stage one and two ................................. 128 4 5 Evidence‐based synthesis from the case studies......................................................... 136 5.1 Dimension 1: Coordinating actions of actors and institutions .................................... 136 5.2 Dimension 2: Integrating policy sectors....................................................................... 138 5.3 Dimension 3: Mobilising Stakeholder participation .................................................... 140 5.4 Dimension 4: Being adaptive to changing contexts..................................................... 142 5.5 Dimension 5: Realising place‐based/territorial specificities and impacts ................... 144 6 Re‐conceptualising territorial governance .................................................................. 146 7 Identifying, transferring and disseminating good Territorial Governance.................. 151 7.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 151 7.2 Transferring good territorial governance in the EU: Towards a conceptual framework ... ..................................................................................................................................... 153 7.2.1 Territorial governance: what can be transferred? .............................................. 153 7.2.1 Territorial governance: How to transfer it?......................................................... 156 7.2.3 The stakeholder workshop .................................................................................. 164 7.3 Results of the analysis.................................................................................................. 167 7.3.1 Promoters and inhibitors of good territorial governance ................................... 167 7.3.2 Transferability of territorial governance features ................................................ 171 7.4 Towards a guide for practitioners, decision and policy‐makers................................... 173 References ......................................................................................................................... 179 5 Table of figures Figure 1.1: Policy Questions to be addressed by the ESPON TANGO project ............................ 11 Figure 1.2: Research Questions to be addressed by the ESPON TANGO project....................... 11 Figure 1.3: TANGO dimensions of Territorial Governance ......................................................... 12 Figure 1.4: Main research components of the ESPON TANGO study......................................... 13 Figure 2.1: Summary of Esping Anderson’s three worlds of welfare (source: Bale, 2005) ........ 29 Figure 2.2: Legal and administrative ‘families’ of Europe (source: Newman & Thornley, 1996)33 Figure 2.3: Six clusters of countries obtained from the statistical analysis of WGI data compared with typical socio‐political macroregional divisions.................................................. 39 Figure 3.1: Short description of the five dimensions and the 12 indicators of territorial governance.................................................................................................................................. 78 Figure 4.1: The 20 components of territorial governance as
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