Conservation Strategy for Big Wood River Basin Wetlands
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CONSERVATION STRATEGY FOR BIG WOOD RIVER BASIN WETLANDS by Mabel Jankovsky-Jones Conservation Data Center June 1997 Idaho Department of Fish and Game Natural Resource Policy Bureau 600 South Walnut, P.O. Box 25 Boise, ID 83707 Stephen P. Mealey, Director Report prepared with funding from the United States Environmental Protection Agency through Section 104(b) (3) of the Clean Water Act Grant No. CD990484-01-0 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................i LIST OF FIGURES........................................................ii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................ii LIST OF APPENDICES....................................................iii SUMMARY.............................................................iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...................................................iv INTRODUCTION ........................................................1 SURVEY AREA .........................................................2 STATUS OF WETLANDS..................................................3 National Wetlands Inventory...............................................3 Wetland Acreage ......................................................4 Wetland Types........................................................5 Wetland Ownership and Protected Status....................................7 Wetland Condition.......................................................10 Wetland Losses .......................................................10 Functional Shifts......................................................10 Impairments.......................................................10 Type Changes.....................................................12 Enhancements.......................................................13 WETLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES.........................................13 Forested Vegetation .....................................................14 Scrub-shrub Vegetation...................................................15 Emergent Vegetation.....................................................15 RARE FLORA ...........................................................18 RARE ANIMALS.........................................................19 METHODS ..............................................................20 Class I Sites............................................................21 Class II Sites...........................................................22 Reference Sites.........................................................22 Habitat Sites ...........................................................22 CONSERVATION OF BIG WOOD RIVER BASIN WETLANDS ...................22 Class I Sites............................................................23 Class II Sites...........................................................23 Reference Sites.........................................................23 Habitat Sites ...........................................................24 Other Sites and Priorities for Conservation ....................................25 HOW TO REQUEST ADDITIONAL INFORMATION............................29 LITERATURE CITED.....................................................30 i List of Figures Figure 1. Location of wetland and deepwater habitat for digitized maps in the basin by system........................................................4 Figure 2. Acreage of wetlands in the Camas Creek drainage..........................5 Figure 3. Acreage of wetlands in the Big Wood drainage. ...........................6 Figure 4. Acreage of wetlands in the Little Wood drainage...........................6 Figure 5. Land ownership of wetlands in the Camas Creek drainage....................7 Figure 6. Land ownership of wetlands in the Big Wood drainage. .....................7 Figure 7. Landownership of wetlands in the Little Wood drainage.....................8 Figure 8. Location of wetland sites inventoried in the Big Wood River Basin. ............27 List of Tables Table 1. Definition of wetland and deepwater systems...............................3 Table 2. Acres of wetland and deepwater habitat by protected and unprotected status in major drainages in the survey area................................9 Table 3. Plant communities and ranks in the Big Wood River Basin arranged by Cowardin by system, class, and subclass..................................16 Table 4. Rare flora of Big Wood River Basin wetlands..............................19 Table 5. Rare animals of Big Wood River Basin wetlands............................20 Table 6. Definitions and indicators of criteria for allocating sites into management categories...............................................21 Table 7. Wetland sites in the Big Wood River Basin................................28 Table 8. Accessing wetlands related data housed at Idaho Department of Fish and Game. 29 ii List of Appendices Appendix A. Key to wetland plant communities in the Big Wood River Basin........... A-1 Appendix B. Characterization abstracts for high ranking plant communities in the Big Wood River Basin. ........................................ B-1 Appendix C. Guidelines for assigning community ranks. .......................... C-1 Appendix D. Site summaries for wetlands in the Big Wood River Basin. .............. D-1 Appendix E. Wetland and deepwater habitat data for digitized maps within Hydrologic Units in the Big Wood River Basin................................ E-1 Appendix F. Taxonomy, range, status, and management of rare plant species in the Big Wood River Basin. ........................................ F-1 Appendix G. Range, status, and habitat of rare animal species in the Big Wood River Basin. ..................................................... G-1 iii SUMMARY The Idaho Conservation Data Center (CDC) received a wetland protection grant from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the authority of Section 104 (b)(3) of the Clean Water Act to enhance existing wetland information systems. The information summarized here can be applied to state biodiversity, conservation, and water quality enhancement projects on a watershed basis. The initial project area encompassed the Henrys Fork Basin including the Teton River drainage. Currently, work is continuing in the Big Wood River Basin, Idaho Panhandle watersheds, southeastern Idaho watersheds, Coeur d’Alene watersheds and east-central basins. This document is a summary of information compiled from the Big Wood River Basin. We used the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) to gain a broad perspective on the areal extant and types of wetlands in selected drainages in the basin. Land ownership and management layers were overlaid on the NWI to determine ownership and the protected status of wetlands. Plant communities occurring in the basin were placed into the hierarchical NWI classification and provide information relative to on-the-ground resource management. Assessment of the quality and condition of plant communities and the occurrence of rare plant and animal species allowed us to categorize 15 wetland sites based on conservation intent. The biological significance of the surveyed wetland sites and abstracts for rare plant communities, plant species, and animal species are provided to guide management activities. Land managers can apply the methods presented here to categorize wetlands which were not surveyed. We identify conservation strategies for sites surveyed and plant communities that are unprotected or under-protected. Eighty-two percent of the protected wetlands are in the emergent vegetation category. Deciduous forested wetlands, tall willow shrub wetlands, and seasonally flooded/well drained emergent wetlands are currently under-protected and should be of high priority for conservation activities. Only portions of the information from the NWI maps and database records are summarized in this conservation strategy. All information contained in the databases is available for public use except a limited amount of threatened and endangered species information considered sensitive by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Contacts for accessing digital and analog data are included at the end of this manuscript. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many individuals within federal, state, and private agencies provided assistance with this project. Terry Gregory and Michelle Beucler of the Idaho Department of Fish and Game (IDFG) provided background and landownership information for the Camas Creek drainage. Paul Todd, Trish Klahr, and Mud Waters of The Nature Conservancy Field Office provided field tours and iv information on Silver Creek. Ed Cannaday and John Shelley of the Sawtooth National Forest provided input to prioritize sampling efforts. Paul McClain of the Shoshone District BLM provided access to BLM’s riparian database which provided background on the quality of stream segments in the survey area. The staff at Hayspur Hatchery provided housing and information on restoration and enhancement projects in the Silver Creek valley. The preparation of the manuscript and appendices would not have been possible without the assistance of headquarters staff at IDFG. Linda Williams of the CDC is responsible for most of the data entry from which the appendices were generated. Linda also assisted with a week of field work. George Stephens assisted with database management, report generation, and file exportation for use in GIS. Steve Rust helped develop standards for the site and managed area databases and provided input on community database management.