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Compatibility Determination Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge (Amended to Include the Barnes/Agency Units)

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Compatibility Determination Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge (Amended to Include the Barnes/Agency Units) Compatibility Determination Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge (Amended to include the Barnes/Agency Units) November, 2017 Use: Waterfowl Hunting Refuge Name: Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge (Refuge or NWR); Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuge Complex, Klamath County, Oregon. Establishing and Acquisition Authority: Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1928. Legal authority for establishment of the Refuge: Executive Order 4851, dated April 3, 1928. Refuge Purpose(s): “…as a refuge and breeding ground for birds and wild animals…subject to the use…for irrigation and other incidental purposes, and to any other existing rights” (E.O. 4851). “…to preserve intact the necessary existing habitat for migratory waterfowl in this vital area of the Pacific flyway…” (Kuchel Act, 16 U.S.C. Sec. 695k). “…to prevent depredations of migratory waterfowl on the agricultural crops in the Pacific Coast States” (Kuchel Act, Sec. 695k). “…dedicated to wildlife conservation…for the major purpose of waterfowl management, but with full consideration to optimum agricultural use that is consistent therewith” (Kuchel Act, Sec. 6951). “…for waterfowl purposes, including the growing of agricultural crops by direct plantings and sharecrop agreements with local cooperators where necessary…” (Kuchel Act, Sec. 695n). "... for use as an inviolate sanctuary, or for any other management purpose, for migratory birds" (Migratory Bird Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C. Sec. 715d). "... to conserve (A) fish or wildlife which are listed as endangered species or threatened species .... or (B) plants ..." (Endangered Species Act of 1973, 16 U.S.C. Sec. 1534). National Wildlife Refuge System Mission: The mission of the System is to administer a national network of lands and waters for the conservation, management, and where appropriate, restoration of the fish, wildlife and plant resources and their habitats within the United States for the benefit of present and future generations of Americans (National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966, as amended [16 U.S.C. §668dd-668ee]). Description of Use: The use evaluated in this compatibility determination (CD) is sport hunting for waterfowl, including geese, ducks (including mergansers), American coots (Fulica americana) and common moorhens (Gallinula chloropus), and Wilson’s snipe (Gallinago gallinago) on designated areas of Upper Klamath NWR, including areas of the Barnes/Agency units. As used here, sport hunting means the pursuit and killing of game animals with a shotgun, bow and arrow (archery), or hawk or falcon (falconry) primarily for the purpose(s) of recreation and/or food. Compatibility Determination for Waterfowl Hunting - Upper Klamath NWR Hunting can be an effective means to manage wildlife and/or habitat in certain circumstances; however, that is not its purpose here. This wildlife-dependent recreational use is supported by the following activities: boating and use of retrieving dogs. Because they are highly interrelated, this CD includes an assessment of these other activities in conjunction with waterfowl hunting. This CD does not address trapping, commercial guiding, or hunting of big game, other migratory birds, upland game, small game, or unprotected species (as appropriate, these uses are addressed in separate CDs). The Refuge is currently open for migratory game bird hunting (see Refuge-Specific Regulations for Hunting and Fishing, Oregon at 50 C.F.R. §32.56). The hunt zone would total almost 13,000 acres, including Hank’s Marsh; and the northern, eastern, and southern portions of the emergent marsh in the NW corner of Upper Klamath Lake and the Barnes/Agency units (see CCP/EIS Figure 5.19). This total area comprises approximately 56 % of the almost 23,100 acres under U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) management jurisdiction. The remainder of the Refuge would be closed to migratory bird hunting and serves as a sanctuary area for waterfowl during the hunting season. Waterfowl hunters primarily use boats to access the Refuge, with perhaps 75% launching from Rocky Point and a smaller number from Malone Springs. Both of these boat launches are on the western shore of Upper Klamath Lake, adjacent to the Refuge, and on the Winema National Forest. A few waterfowl hunters also launch from state parks on the eastern shore of Agency Lake and a small number boat into the Hank’s Marsh Unit (from Hagelstein County Park or Pelican Marina) on Upper Klamath Lake’s eastern shore. Hunters are encouraged to use boats with reliable motors and decoys when waterfowl hunting at the Refuge. When Lake levels are low, it can be difficult to access the marsh, resulting in reduced numbers of waterfowl hunters. There are no vehicle parking, overnight camping, or other public use facilities on the Refuge. Compared with Lower Klamath and Tule Lake refuges, the number of waterfowl hunters visiting Upper Klamath NWR is quite low (approximately 240-500 in a typical year (RAPP, 2013; USFWS, 2003). Due to the size of the hunt area and the relatively low numbers of hunters, conditions are generally uncrowded, potentially providing a higher-quality waterfowl hunting experience than on some other areas. This use also includes operation of an annual, pre-season youth waterfowl hunt. This special hunt is scheduled by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) and usually occurs during the middle or end of September (prior to the start of the general waterfowl hunting season). Licensed hunters age 17 or younger can participate in this hunt provided they are accompanied by an adult, age 21 or over. Adults cannot participate in this special hunt. Unless otherwise stated in the “Stipulations” section of this CD; seasons, hours, bag limits, and other rules for waterfowl hunting on the Refuge are the same as those published annually by ODFW for hunting of migratory game birds (ODFW, 2014). At present, waterfowl hunting is allowed on the Refuge 7 days per week within the State-established season (generally October through January). As a wildlife-dependent general public use, waterfowl hunting is to be given special consideration in refuge planning and management. When determined compatible on a refuge-specific basis, a wildlife-dependent use becomes a priority public use for that refuge and is to be facilitated, that is, strongly encouraged (National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966). This CD has been prepared to document the Service’s review of the existing hunting program at the Refuge, document and evaluate any proposed changes, and accompany the Comprehensive Conservation Plan (CCP) and Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). The CCP/EIS is incorporated by reference (USFWS 2016). Availability of Resources: Needed resources Following is an estimate of annual costs associated with administering this use on UKNWR, including the Barnes/Agency units.. Upper Klamath NWR and Barnes/Agency units – Waterfowl Hunting Administration and management of the use Estimated Compatibility Determination for Waterfowl Hunting - Upper Klamath NWR annual cost 1 1.5% of GS-12 refuge manager. Oversight of staff and budget, coordination with ODFW. $1,687 1.5% GS-9 biologist. Management of hunting program, outreach, monitoring, data collection and analysis, reporting by park ranger. $1,117 1.5% LEO-10 law enforcement officer. Law enforcement and monitoring by law enforcement. $1,267 Special equipment, facilities or improvements necessary to support the use Maintenance costs associated with the use Monitoring costs 10% overhead2 $267 TOTAL (Estimated annual cost) $4,338 1 Annual cost. Annual personnel costs = 2015 step 5 salary for appropriate GS/WG level x 35% for benefits. 2 Overhead costs = salary + benefit costs x 10%. Overhead expenses include building rent, utilities, equipment and supplies, and support personnel, and do not include salary-related benefits. Adequacy of existing resources The Service currently has adequate budget and staff to continue supporting the annual costs associated with operation of the limited Refuge waterfowl hunting program described herein. Anticipated Impacts of the Use: The primary species taken by waterfowl hunters at the Refuge include Canada goose (Branta canadensis), greater white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons), gadwall (Anas strepera), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), northern pintail (Anas acuta), lesser scaup (Aythya affinis), green-winged teal (Anas discors), and American widgeon (Anas americana). Hunting would have direct, lethal effects on individual waterfowl, the target game animals. The number of birds killed would depend on hunting pressure (i.e., the number of hunters and days of effort) and hunter success rates. In addition, hunting would result in injuries to birds that were hit, but not killed, or at least not immediately. There is also the potential (magnitude unknown) that a hunter could cause death or injury to a non-target species. The Service does not collect comprehensive and consistent waterfowl harvest data for this Refuge. Service staff estimate that, in recent years, the total number of waterfowl killed and retrieved on the Refuge ranged from approximately 600 to 700 birds and that the number of waterfowl bagged per person per day averaged approximately 2.1-2.6 (which is higher than the national average [Gleason and Jenks, 1997]). It is unknown how many birds would be injured, but able to carry on; would be injured, but unable to perform critical life history activities like migrating and breeding; or would die following a hunting injury.
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