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Gerhard Rohlfs Anmerkungen Zu Einem Bewegten Leben Gerhard Rohlfs Anmerkungen zu einem bewegten Leben Günter Bolte Gerhard Rohlfs Anmerkungen zu einem bewegten Leben Edition Falkenberg 1. Auflage 2019 Copyright © Edition Falkenberg, Bremen ISBN 978-3-95494-201-5 www.edition-falkenberg.de Abbildung auf dem Umschlag: Deutsche Rundschau für Geographie und Statistik, 1896 Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Kein Teil des Werkes darf in irgendeiner Form (durch Fotografie, Mikrofilm oder irgendein anderes Verfahren) ohne schriftliche Erlaubnis des Verlages reproduziert oder unter Verwendung elektronischer Systeme verarbeitet, vervielfältigt oder verbreitet werden. www.edition-falkenberg.de Inhalt 1. Biografie, Biografen und biografische Daten ............................................................................. 7 2. Geburt, Elternhaus, Kindheit, Geschwister, Hauslehrer ........................................................ 12 3. Rohlfs als Gymnasiast .................................................................................................................... 15 4. Militärzeit in Bremen und Schleswig-Holstein ........................................................................ 19 5. Medizinstudium .............................................................................................................................. 21 6. Soldat in Österreich ........................................................................................................................ 23 7. Fremdenlegionär ............................................................................................................................. 25 8. »Mein erster Aufenthalt in Marokko und Reise südlich vom Atlas durch die Oasen Draa und Tafilet« ............................................................................................. 31 9. »Reise durch Marokko, Uebersteigung des grossen Atlas, Exploration der Oasen von Tafilet, Tuat und Tidikelt und Reise durch die grosse Wüste über Rhadames nach Tripoli« ................................................................................................................ 42 10. »Quer durch Afrika – Reise vom Mittelmeer nach dem Tschad-See und zum Golf von Guinea« .................................................................. 49 11. »Im Auftrage Sr. Majestät des Königs von Preussen mit dem Englischen Expeditionscorps in Abessinien« ................................................................................................. 69 12. »Von Tripolis nach Alexandrien Beschreibung der im Auftrage Sr. Majestät des Königs von Preussen in den Jahren 1868 und 1869 ausgeführten Reise« ............................................................................... 87 13. Die Tunesische Mission ................................................................................................................ 96 14. Aufarbeitungszeit ......................................................................................................................... 100 15. »Drei Monate in der libyschen Wüste« ..................................................................................... 104 5 16. Reiseauswertung ............................................................................................................................ 112 17. Vortragsreise in die USA .............................................................................................................. 116 18. Neue Pläne und Aktivitäten ....................................................................................................... 118 19. »Kufra – Reise von Tripolis nach der Oase Kufra – Ausgeführt im Auftrage der Afrikanischen Gesellschaft in Deutschland« .......................................................................... 121 20. Auf der Suche ................................................................................................................................. 131 21. »Meine Mission nach Abessinien Auf Befehl Sr. Maj. des Deutschen Kaisers im Winter 1880/81« ...................................................................................................................... 133 22. Erste Schritte auf diplomatischer Bühne ................................................................................. 141 23. Parallel laufende Aktivitäten ....................................................................................................... 144 24. Generalkonsul in Sansibar .......................................................................................................... 146 25. Rückkehr ........................................................................................................................................ 158 26. Pläne ................................................................................................................................................ 163 27. Umzug ............................................................................................................................................. 165 28. Letzte Jahre ..................................................................................................................................... 167 29. Berufe – Tätigkeiten ...................................................................................................................... 170 30. Seine Person ................................................................................................................................... 177 Anhang Quellenverzeichnis .............................................................................................................................. 182 Lebenslauf ............................................................................................................................................. 195 6 1. Biografi e, Biografen und biografi sche Daten Über Gerhard Rohlfs – mit vollem Namen Friedrich Gerhard Rohlfs – gibt es eine Reihe von Biografien, und zwar in Buchform1, als umfangreiche Beiträge in Sammelwerken2, als Artikel in Lexika, Zeitschriften und Zeitungen3 oder als Vorwort in Neuauflagen seiner 1 in zeitlicher Reihenfolge ihres Erscheinens: Konrad Guenther: Gerhard Rohlfs – Lebensbild eines Afrikaforschers, Freiburg 1912, zitiert als Guenther Alwin Belger: Die große Zeit deut- scher Afrikaforschung und Kolonialarbeit. Nach dem Briefwechsel von Gerhard Rohlfs, ohne Jahr, [ca 1942], nur als ungedrucktes Manuskript im RA [Rohlfs-Archiv im Heimatmuseum Schloss Schönebeck. Rohlfs – Ein großer Afrikaforscher, Leipzig 1963, zitiert als Müller Hans- Otto Meissner: Durch die sengende Glut der Sahara, die Abenteuer des Gerhard Rohlfs, Stutt- gart 1967 Wolfgang Genschorek: Im Alleingang durch die Wüste – Das Forscherleben des Gerhard Rohlfs, Leipzig 1982, zitiert als Genschorek. Rainer-K. Langner: Das Geheimnis der großen Wüste – Auf den Spuren des Saharaforschers Gerhard Rohlfs, Frankfurt am Main 2004, zitiert als Langner. Horst Gnettner: Der Bremer Afrikaforscher Gerhard Rohlfs – Vom Ausstei- ger zum Generalkonsul. Eine Biografie, Bremen 2005, zitiert als Gnettner 2 E. G. Erich Lorenz, Der Pilger Mustapha, in: Pfadsuche in der Wüste, Stuttgart 1931. Ewald Banse: Unsere großen Afrikaner – Das Leben deutscher Entdecker und Kolonialpioniere, Gerhard Rohlfs, Berlin 1942, S. 78 – 114, zitiert als Banse. Herbert Scurla (Hg): Zwischen Mittelmeer und Tschadsee – Reisen deutscher Forscher im 19. Jahrhundert durch Nord- und Zentralafrika, Berlin 4. Auflage 1970, Vom Mittelmeer zum Tschadsee S. 521–598: Robert Rotberg (Hg.): Africa and its Explorers, Massachusetts 1970, Wolfe W. Schmokel: Gerhard Rohlfs – The Lonely Explorer, S. 175–221, zitiert als Schmokel Anke Helfensteller und Heike Kammerer-Grothaus (Hg.): Afrika- Reise – Leben und Werk des Afrikaforschers Gerhard Rohlfs, 1998, zitiert als Helfensteller (Hg.) Helfensteller (Hg.), Horst Gnettner, Gerhard Rohlfs – der Bremer Afrikaforscher, S. 13–22 3 eine Auswahl: J. G. Kohl: Der Afrikareisende Gerhard Rohlfs, in Nr. 1074 der Illustrirten Zeitung vom 30. 1.184, zitiert als Kohl Frank Leslie’s Illustrierte Zeitung, Nr. 956 Band XXXVII Nr. 23, New York, 4.12.1875, Gerhard Rohlfs, zitiert als Leslies Zeitung Der Fort- schritt der Zeit, Nr. 170, Milwaukee 1876, Gerhard Rohlfs, der Afrika-Reisende Meyer’s Conversation-Lexikon, III. Auflage 1878, S. 722, 723, zitiert als Meyers Lexikon 1878 Deut- sche Rundschau Band II. 1880, Gerhard Rohlfs (unter Berühmte Geographen, Naturforscher und Reisende), S. 294, zitiert als Deutsche Rundschau 1880 Conrad Weidmann: Deutsche Männer in Afrika – Lexicon der hervorragendsten deutschen Afrika- Forscher, Missionare etc., Lübeck 1894 Paul Heichen: Afrika Hand-Lexikon – Ein Nachschlagebuch für Jeder- mann, S. 1094, 1095, Leipzig ohne Jahr [1895], zitiert als Heichen Brockhaus Konversations- Lexikon, 14. Auflage 1894/96, Band 13, S. 922 Deutsche Geographische Blätter, Band XIX, 7 Bücher4. Eine Selbstbiografie gibt es außer den Aufzeichnungen über seine Kindheit und Jugend in Vegesack5 nicht. Unter allen Biografien sind die ältesten besonders interessant: Zunächst hat sich der Stadtbibliothekar Johann Georg Kohl versucht6. Er dürfte sich in Bremen umgehört haben, und zwar wohl auch bei den beiden ihm persönlich bekannten Brüdern Hermann und Heinrich Rohlfs7. Besonders Hermann Rohlfs könnte ihm etliche Informationen gegeben – und negative vorenthalten – haben, zumal er sich im Sommer 1863 mit dem verloren geglaubten Bruder Gerhard in Algier getroffen und von ihm dessen Geschichte mit allen Höhen und Tiefen gehört haben dürfte. Hermann Rohlfs hat wahrscheinlich auch das Atelierfoto mitgebracht, das
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