DOCSLIB.ORG

The Use of Cartography in the Creation and Control of German East Africa. Thesis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Use of Cartography in the Creation and Control of German East Africa. Thesis DELINEATING DOMINION: THE USE OF CARTOGRAPHY IN THE CREATION AND CONTROL OF GERMAN EAST AFRICA. THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of the Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Robert H Clemm, B.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2009 Thesis Committee: Professor John F. Guilmartin, Adviser Professor Jennifer Siegel Approved By: Professor Alan Beyerchen ___________________ Advisor History Graduate Program ABSTRACT The goal of this study is to illustrate the role and power of the map and its connection to the exploration, conquest and colonization of German East Africa. Maps are generally considered a constant, a clear representation of reality, rather than a conceptual construct. Using a three tiered model of “gazes” (Dominion, Despot and Development) a series of maps were analyzed to show how the process of conceptual to actual control of the territory known as German East Africa was facilitated through the medium of cartography. After exploring and establishing a space intended for future use (Dominion) maps were used to solidify control through conquest (Despot), which then allowed for capitalist investment (Development). Of special highlight is the role of the Schutztruppe or German Protective Force in mapping the colony and creating the stability necessary for capital investment in the colony. ii Dedicated to the Author of my own history iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank Dr. Alan Beyerchen for first suggesting this topic which, while a seemingly impossible task at times, has stretched the limits of my historical understanding and has made me a better scholar. I also wish to thank my advisors Dr. John F. Guilmartin and Dr. Jennifer Siegel for their support and encouragement in pushing the boundaries of Military History in a new cartographic direction. I am forever in the debt of Christopher Winters and Joost Dupon at the University of Chicago‟s Map Collection located the Joseph Regenstein Library for allowing me the resources necessary, including at one point bus fare, to complete this project. Over two summers I was awed by their kindness in putting up with my ceaseless requests for yet another folder of maps to be pulled from the shelves, and their openness in laying bare the entirety of their collection for my own work. They also made my life infinitely easier through their willingness to make available to me, at no cost, incredibly detailed scans of many of the maps which will appear in this work. It is clear to me that my experiences with archives will only sour, as I doubt I could have found a more welcoming and inviting atmosphere to conduct my first foray into primary research. iv I am also indebted to the College of Humanities and the History Department at The Ohio State University for their generous support of my research efforts. By way of a Summer travel grant and the Helen and Harold Kapiloff Research Award I was able to spend the necessary weeks in Chicago to complete my research. As no man is an island, neither is the work which I have produced. I wish to thank Jim Bach, Ed McCaul, and Jason Warren for their help in trying to navigate the often maddening problems associated with incorporating images within a thesis such as this. Additionally, I wish to thank Jon Hendrickson, Sarah Douglas, Robyn Rodriquez and Kate Epstein (as well as innumerable others in the graduate student community within Dulles Hall) for their support in looking over my work and providing the much needed words of encouragement when it seemed this project would never be finished. Lastly, I wish to thank my family. To my parents David and Jean Clemm I can never thank them enough for their encouragement and financial support as I have pursued my dream of an academic career and for their prayers and support as this project wound down. To my extended Church family I wish to thank all of them for their prayerful support and words of love, especially when I needed it most in finishing up this thesis. v Saving the best for last I have not the words for the support and love of my wife Meghan. How can one properly thank a wife who not only forgoes a Valentine‟s Day dinner out on the town, but instead lovingly prepares a meal for me while I hunkered down for the last hours of completion? Thank you for being my teammate and I know this project would not be done without your love and support. vi VITA 2001……………………............................................B.A. History and Political Science, University of Rochester 2005-Present…………………………………………Graduate Teaching and Research The Ohio State University PUBLICATIONS 1. “Recruiting Posters” in United States at War (ABC-CLIO: June 2006). 2. “Artillery, Land CSA” in United States at War (ABC-CLIO: June 2006). 3. “Mines, Land WWI” in United States at War (ABC-CLIO: June 2006). 4. “Hardee‟s Tactics” in United States at War (ABC-CLIO: June 2006). 5. “Radio Baghdad” in United States at War (ABC-CLIO: June 2006). 6. “Pelham, John” in United States at War (ABC-CLIO: June 2006). 7. “Bonnie Blue Flag” in Encyclopedia of the Civil War (ABC-CLIO: June 2007). 8. “Coalition Nations/Contributions to Iraq I” in Encyclopedia of the Middle East Wars (ABC-CLIO: June 2007). 9. “Japan (Middle East War)” in Encyclopedia of the Middle East Wars (ABC- CLIO: June 2007). vii FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: History viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………ii Dedication………………………………………………………………………………...iii Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………….iv Vita……………………………………………………………………………………....vii List of Maps………………….……………………………………………………………x Chapters: 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………1 2. Constructing the Map…………………………………………………………….24 3. Establishing Dominion…………………………………………………………...46 4. Vindicating the Map……………………………………………………………..79 5. Developing a Deutsch OstAfrika……………………………………………….113 6. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………...149 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………160 LIST OF MAPS Maps Page 1.1 Reference Map of Tanzania……………………………………………………….2 2.1 Comparison of Map Projections…………………………………………………27 2.2 A Cold War View of the World………………………………………………….31 2.3 Egotistical Exploration…………………………………………………………...43 3.1 Fulfilling Swift‟s Maxim………………………………………………………...48 3.2 226 Years later and not much better……………………………………………..49 3.3 Appropriating local knowledge…………………………………………………..60 3.4 A Sketch Map by Speke………………………………………………………….66 3.5 Speke‟s Facsimile..................................................................................................67 3.6 Expanding the Route……………………………………………………………..68 3.7 Abundance of Exploration……………………………………………………….69 3.8 The key concern……………………………………………………………….....70 x 3.9 Currents of Exploration…………………………………………………………..71 3.10 “Terra Nullius”…………………………………………………………………...75 4.1 The “Missing Link”……………………………………………………,………..90 4.2 A Close-up View……………………………………………………………...….91 4.3 Pfeil Map Key……………………………………………………………...…….92 4.4 Spheres of Influence………………………………………………………..……96 4.5 Details of the Despotic Gaze……………………………………………………109 4.6 The Usambara Region…………………………………………………………..110 5.1 The Developer‟s View of the Pangani………………………………………….115 5.2 Arab Plantations……………………………………………………..….………116 5.3 D.O.A.G. Plantation…………………………………………………………….117 5.4 The Beginning of Usambara Development……………………………………..122 5.5 A Military Station……………………………………………………………....123 5.6 A Way to a Mission…………………………………………………………….124 5.7 The March of “Progress”…………………………………………………...…..128 xi 5.8 Fixing the Eye……………………………………………………………..……129 5.9 Division of Vegetation………………………………………………………….132 5.10 Vegetation Key…………………………………………………………………133 5.11 Solidifying Control over Usambara…………………………………………….138 5.12 Comparison to Daressalam region……………………………………………...139 5.13 The preservation of Private Property…………………………………………...142 5.14 The Key to Development……………………………………………………….143 5.15 Pangani River “Cut off”………………………………………………………...144 5.16 Hidden Ownership……………………………………………………………...145 xii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION “Colonial knowledge both enabled conquest and was produced by it; in certain important ways, knowledge was what colonialism was all about.”1 If the above quote is correct, and knowledge was the key to colonialism, the pithy rhyme should be changed to “Whatever happens we have got the map and they have not.”2 Mapping has been an undervalued tool in the analysis and study of a host of issues, especially colonialism. This study will show the value of cartography as a tool of analysis within the context of German efforts in eastern Africa. The map was used first as a tool of conceptualization, creating a space in eastern Africa that the German colonizers could go after. Next, the map served to help solidify the creation of German East Africa and assure a place in the sun amongst the other European colonizers. Lastly, the map was the key tool used in the effort to develop the colony and create a stable cash-crop plantation agriculture economy. 1 Nicholas Dick quoted in Francine Hirsch, Empire of Nations (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005), 146. 2 Referring to the famous rhyme: “Whatever happens we have got the Maxim Gun and they have not” reinforcing the conventional view of the real power behind colonialism. 1 Map 1-1: Reference Map of Tanzania. Map of Tanzania http://www.appliedlanguage.com/maps_of_the_world/map_of_tanzania.gif (accessed February 24, 2009). 2 Both eastern Africa and German colonization efforts have largely been ignored by many scholars. In some ways this seems to make sense. With the new drive towards studying
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download File
    Italy and the Sanusiyya: Negotiating Authority in Colonial Libya, 1911-1931 Eileen Ryan Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2012 ©2012 Eileen Ryan All rights reserved ABSTRACT Italy and the Sanusiyya: Negotiating Authority in Colonial Libya, 1911-1931 By Eileen Ryan In the first decade of their occupation of the former Ottoman territories of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica in current-day Libya, the Italian colonial administration established a system of indirect rule in the Cyrenaican town of Ajedabiya under the leadership of Idris al-Sanusi, a leading member of the Sufi order of the Sanusiyya and later the first monarch of the independent Kingdom of Libya after the Second World War. Post-colonial historiography of modern Libya depicted the Sanusiyya as nationalist leaders of an anti-colonial rebellion as a source of legitimacy for the Sanusi monarchy. Since Qaddafi’s revolutionary coup in 1969, the Sanusiyya all but disappeared from Libyan historiography as a generation of scholars, eager to fill in the gaps left by the previous myopic focus on Sanusi elites, looked for alternative narratives of resistance to the Italian occupation and alternative origins for the Libyan nation in its colonial and pre-colonial past. Their work contributed to a wider variety of perspectives in our understanding of Libya’s modern history, but the persistent focus on histories of resistance to the Italian occupation has missed an opportunity to explore the ways in which the Italian colonial framework shaped the development of a religious and political authority in Cyrenaica with lasting implications for the Libyan nation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Immediate and Long-Term Effects of Namibia's Colonization Process
    The Immediate and Long-Term Effects of Namibia’s Colonization Process By: Jonathan Baker Honors Capstone Through Professor Taylor Politics of Sub-Saharan Africa Baker, 2 Table of Contents I. Authors Note II. Introduction III. Pre-Colonization IV. Colonization by Germany V. Colonization by South Africa VI. The Struggle for Independence VII. The Decolonization Process VIII. Political Changes- A Reaction to Colonization IX. Immediate Economic Changes Brought on by Independence X. Long Term Political Effects (of Colonization) XI. Long Term Cultural Effects XII. Long Term Economic Effects XIII. Prospects for the Future XIV. Conclusion XV. Bibliography XVI. Appendices Baker, 3 I. Author’s Note I learned such a great deal from this entire honors capstone project, that all the knowledge I have acquired can hardly be covered by what I wrote in these 50 pages. I learned so much more that I was not able to share both about Namibia and myself. I can now claim that I am knowledgeable about nearly all areas of Namibian history and life. I certainly am no expert, but after all of this research I can certainly consider myself reliable. I have never had such an extensive knowledge before of one academic area as a result of a school project. I also learned a lot about myself through this project. I learned how I can motivate myself to work, and I learned how I perform when I have to organize such a long and complicated paper, just to name a couple of things. The strange inability to be able to include everything I learned from doing this project is the reason for some of the more random appendices at the end, as I have a passion for both numbers and trivia.
    [Show full text]
  • Institution of Electrical Engineers. Further Details Can Be Obtained
    No. 4276 October 13, 1951 NATURE 641 life-history, ecology, population studies, fishery and Gold Coast), senior assistant conservator of forests, utilization and includes observations on autotomy Gold Coast; J. M. Cave (assistant agricultural and autoplasy; a large female with a carapace­ officer, British Honduras), agricultural superintendent, length of 13·5 cm. is estimated to produce 549,000 St. Vincent, Windward Islands ; C. A. Lea (assistant eggs. No. 8 is a paper that should prove of use to director, Meteorological Services, Federation of zoologists everywhere. It contains a bibliography Malaya), director, Meteorological Services, Federation which is complete from Delius and Linrneus (both of Malaya; N. A. MacHattie (forester, Tanganyika), 1758) up to and including 1949; it comprises 1,216 superintending forester, Tanganyika; R. H. Ball entries and is a valuable compilation. There is also and P. Bradshaw, agricultural officers, Nigeria; a key for the whole of the Collembola carried down D. V. Chambers, R. Frank, W. G. Mathewson and to genera ; and, as the characters given are only J. Russell, agricultural officers, Tanganyika; T. J. those essential for generic identification, the name of Forbes and K. Landskroner, agricultural officers, each genus is followed by that of its author, the date Gold Coast; R. N. Green, agricultural officer, and a number in brackets referring to the citation of Somaliland Protectorate; G. Heys, agricultural t hat publication in the bibliography in which the officer, Nyasaland; A. J. Jones, entomologist, original definition of the genus is to be found. This Tanganyika; R. Knight, plant breeder, West African work is additionally welcome because it provides the Cocoa Research Institute, Gold Coast; C.
    [Show full text]
  • Qingdao As a Colony: from Apartheid to Civilizational Exchange
    Qingdao as a colony: From Apartheid to Civilizational Exchange George Steinmetz Paper prepared for the Johns Hopkins Workshops in Comparative History of Science and Technology, ”Science, Technology and Modernity: Colonial Cities in Asia, 1890-1940,” Baltimore, January 16-17, 2009 Steinmetz, Qingdao/Jiaozhou as a colony Now, dear Justinian. Tell us once, where you will begin. In a place where there are already Christians? or where there are none? Where there are Christians you come too late. The English, Dutch, Portuguese, and Spanish control a good part of the farthest seacoast. Where then? . In China only recently the Tartars mercilessly murdered the Christians and their preachers. Will you go there? Where then, you honest Germans? . Dear Justinian, stop dreaming, lest Satan deceive you in a dream! Admonition to Justinian von Weltz, Protestant missionary in Latin America, from Johann H. Ursinius, Lutheran Superintendent at Regensburg (1664)1 When China was ruled by the Han and Jin dynasties, the Germans were still living as savages in the jungles. In the Chinese Six Dynasties period they only managed to create barbarian tribal states. During the medieval Dark Ages, as war raged for a thousand years, the [German] people could not even read and write. Our China, however, that can look back on a unique five-thousand-year-old culture, is now supposed to take advice [from Germany], contrite and with its head bowed. What a shame! 2 KANG YOUWEI, “Research on Germany’s Political Development” (1906) Germans in Colonial Kiaochow,3 1897–1904 During the 1860s the Germans began discussing the possibility of obtaining a coastal entry point from which they could expand inland into China.
    [Show full text]
  • A Cape of Asia: Essays on European History
    A Cape of Asia.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 10-10-11 / 11:44 | Pag. 1 a cape of asia A Cape of Asia.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 10-10-11 / 11:44 | Pag. 2 A Cape of Asia.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 10-10-11 / 11:44 | Pag. 3 A Cape of Asia essays on european history Henk Wesseling leiden university press A Cape of Asia.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 10-10-11 / 11:44 | Pag. 4 Cover design and lay-out: Sander Pinkse Boekproductie, Amsterdam isbn 978 90 8728 128 1 e-isbn 978 94 0060 0461 nur 680 / 686 © H. Wesseling / Leiden University Press, 2011 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of both the copyright owner and the author of the book. A Cape of Asia.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 10-10-11 / 11:44 | Pag. 5 Europe is a small cape of Asia paul valéry A Cape of Asia.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 10-10-11 / 11:44 | Pag. 6 For Arnold Burgen A Cape of Asia.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 10-10-11 / 11:44 | Pag. 7 Contents Preface and Introduction 9 europe and the wider world Globalization: A Historical Perspective 17 Rich and Poor: Early and Later 23 The Expansion of Europe and the Development of Science and Technology 28 Imperialism 35 Changing Views on Empire and Imperialism 46 Some Reflections on the History of the Partition
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report of the Colonies, Northern Rhodesia, 1936
    COLONIAL REPORTS—ANNUAL No. 1811 Annual Report on the Social and Economic Progress of the People of NORTHERN RHODESIA 1936 (For Reports for rg^ and 1955 see Nos. 1J21 and ij6g respectively (price 2s. od. each)) Crown Copyright Reserved LONDON PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE To be purchased directly from H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses: Adastral House, Kingsway, London, W.C.2 5 120 George Street, Edinburgh z\ 26 York Street, Manchester 1; t St. Andrew's Crescent. Cardiff; 80 Chichester Street, Belfast} or through any bookseller *937 Price zs. od. net ANNUAL REPORT ON THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROGRESS OF THE PEOPLE OF NORTHERN RHODESIA, 1936 CONTENTS Chapter. PHC I.—GEOGRAPHY, CLIMATE, AND HISTORY 2 II.—GOVERNMENT 6 III.—POPULATION 8 IV.—HEALTH 9 V.—HOUSING ••• 12 VI.—PRODUCTION 13 VII.—COMMERCE 19 VIII.—WAGES AND COST OF LIVING 22 IX.—EDUCATION AND WELFARE INSTITUTIONS 24 X.—COMMUNICATIONS AND TRANSPORT 27 XI.—BANKING, CURRENCY, AND WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 31 XII.—PUBLIC WORKS 32 XIII.—JUSTICE, POLICE, AND PRISONS 33 XIV.—LEGISLATION 35 XV.—PUBLIC FINANCE AND TAXATION 37 APPENDIX—BIBLIOGRAPHY 42 MAP I.—GEOGRAPHY, CLIMATE, AND HISTORY. Geography. The territory known as the Protectorate of Northern Rhodesia lies between longitudes 220 E. and 33° 33' E. and between lati­ tudes 8° 15' S. and 180 S. It is bounded on the west by Angola, on the north-west by the Belgian Congo, on the north-east by Tanganyika Territory, on the east by the Nyasaland Protectorate and Portuguese East Africa, and on the south by Southern Rhodesia and the mandated territory of South West Africa, comprising in all an area that is computed to be about 290,320 square miles.
    [Show full text]
  • Sömürgecilik Tarihi
    SÖMÜRGECİLİK TARİHİ TARİH LİSANS PROGRAMI DOÇ. DR. METİN ÜNVER İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ AÇIK VE UZAKTAN EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ AÇIK VE UZAKTAN EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ TARİH LİSANS PROGRAMI SÖMÜRGECİLİK TARİHİ Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Metin Ünver Yazar Notu Elinizdeki bu eser, İstanbul Üniversitesi Açık ve Uzaktan Eğitim Fakültesi’nde okutulmak için hazırlanmış bir ders notu niteliğindedir. ÖN SÖZ Sömürgecilik, geçmişi aslında antik çağlara uzanan bir tarihi vakıadır. Bu ise konuyu gerçekten bir dersin sınırları içinde ele alınması zor bir hale sokmaktadır. Dolayısıyla elinizdeki ders materyalinin konusu modern sömürgecilikle sınırlıdır. Şüphesiz modern sömürgecilik coğrafî keşiflerin bir ürünüdür. 19. yüzyılda neo-colonialism kalıbına girse de birçok geçmiş özellikleri devam etmiştir. Bununla birlikte I. Dünya savaşı sömürgecilik mücadelesinin patlama noktasıdır. Bu dersin sınırları şimdilik I. Dünya Savaşı’nın başladığı 1914 yılına kadar getirildi. Bundan sonraki süreç ve sömürgeciliğin girdiği yol farklı değerlendirmelerin konusu olabileceğinden daha çok sömürgeciliğin ne olduğu, nasıl geliştiği ve yöntemleri üzerinde durularak konunun daha iyi anlaşılmasına gayret olundu. Bütün bu altyapı elbette I. Dünya Savaşı ve sonrasındaki sürecin anlaşılmasında büyük fayda sağlayacak ve kişinin kendi bilgisini ilerlete bileceği bir alt yapı sunacaktır. Ele alınan dönemin bir başka sıkıntısı coğrafî olarak oldukça geniş bir sahanın mevzubahis olmasıydı. Bu nedenle bazı tasarruflara gidilerek, sömürgecilik uygulamalarının izlerini bugün dahi yaşayan bölgeler ve ülkelere daha fazla yer ayrıldı. Bu yapılırken tarihin pragmatik, bugün için fayda getirecek bilgi sunma yönü göz önünde bulunduruldu. Son olarak elbette elinizdeki bu ders materyali sömürgecilik tarihini geçmişten bugüne getirip, ortaya koyma iddiasında değildir. Yapılmaya çalışılan olayların gelişimi açısından oynadığı rol, genel gidişata ve sonucu etkileri bakıından önemli görülen konuların bir bütünlük içerisinde sunulmasıdır.
    [Show full text]
  • The German Colonization of Southwest Africa and the Anglo-German Rivalry, 1883-1915
    University of Nebraska at Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Student Work 7-1-1995 Doors left open then slammed shut: The German colonization of Southwest Africa and the Anglo-German rivalry, 1883-1915 Matthew Erin Plowman University of Nebraska at Omaha Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork Recommended Citation Plowman, Matthew Erin, "Doors left open then slammed shut: The German colonization of Southwest Africa and the Anglo-German rivalry, 1883-1915" (1995). Student Work. 435. https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork/435 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Work by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DOORS LEFT OPEN THEN SLAMMED SHUT: THE GERMAN COLONIZATION OF SOUTHWEST AFRICA AND THE ANGLO-GERMAN RIVALRY, 1883-1915. A Thesis Presented to the Department of History and the Faculty of the Graduate College University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts University of Nebraska at Omaha by Matthew Erin Plowman July 1995 UMI Number: EP73073 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI Blsaartalibn Publish*rig UMI EP73073 Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author.
    [Show full text]
  • Cartography and the Conception, Conquest and Control of Eastern Africa, 1844-1914
    Delineating Dominion: Cartography and the Conception, Conquest and Control of Eastern Africa, 1844-1914 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Robert H. Clemm Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2012 Dissertation Committee: John F. Guilmartin, Advisor Alan Beyerchen Ousman Kobo Copyright by Robert H Clemm 2012 Abstract This dissertation documents the ways in which cartography was used during the Scramble for Africa to conceptualize, conquer and administer newly-won European colonies. By comparing the actions of two colonial powers, Germany and Britain, this study exposes how cartography was a constant in the colonial process. Using a three-tiered model of “gazes” (Discoverer, Despot, and Developer) maps are analyzed to show both the different purposes they were used for as well as the common appropriative power of the map. In doing so this study traces how cartography facilitated the colonial process of empire building from the beginnings of exploration to the administration of the colonies of German and British East Africa. During the period of exploration maps served to make the territory of Africa, previously unknown, legible to European audiences. Under the gaze of the Despot the map was used to legitimize the conquest of territory and add a permanence to the European colonies. Lastly, maps aided the capitalist development of the colonies as they were harnessed to make the land, and people, “useful.” Of special highlight is the ways in which maps were used in a similar manner by both private and state entities, suggesting a common understanding of the power of the map.
    [Show full text]
  • A University of Sussex Phd Thesis Available Online Via Sussex
    A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details The German colonial settler press in Africa, 1898-1916: a web of identities, spaces and infrastructure. Corinna Schäfer Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Sussex September 2017 I hereby declare that this thesis has not been and will not be, submitted in whole or in part to another University for the award of any other degree. Signature: Summary As the first comprehensive work on the German colonial settler newspapers in Africa between 1898 and 1916, this research project explores the development of the settler press, its networks and infrastructure, its contribution to the construction of identities, as well as to the imagination and creation of colonial space. Special attention is given to the newspapers’ relation to Africans, to other imperial powers, and to the German homeland. The research contributes to the understanding of the history of the colonisers and their societies of origin, as well as to the history of the places and people colonised.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Publications 1984 — 2017 Issues 1 — 100
    RECENT PUBLICATIONS 1984 — 2017 ISSUES 1 — 100 Recent Publications is a compendium of books and articles on cartography and cartographic subjects that is included in almost every issue of The Portolan. It was compiled by the dedi- cated work of Eric Wolf from 1984-2007 and Joel Kovarsky from 2007-2017. The worldwide cartographic community thanks them greatly. Recent Publications is a resource for anyone interested in the subject matter. Given the dates of original publication, some of the materi- als cited may or may not be currently available. The information provided in this document starts with Portolan issue number 100 and pro- gresses to issue number 1 (in backwards order of publication, i.e. most recent first). To search for a name or a topic or a specific issue, type Ctrl-F for a Windows based device (Command-F for an Apple based device) which will open a small window. Then type in your search query. For a specific issue, type in the symbol # before the number, and for issues 1— 9, insert a zero before the digit. For a specific year, instead of typing in that year, type in a Portolan issue in that year (a more efficient approach). The next page provides a listing of the Portolan issues and their dates of publication. PORTOLAN ISSUE NUMBERS AND PUBLICATIONS DATES Issue # Publication Date Issue # Publication Date 100 Winter 2017 050 Spring 2001 099 Fall 2017 049 Winter 2000-2001 098 Spring 2017 048 Fall 2000 097 Winter 2016 047 Srping 2000 096 Fall 2016 046 Winter 1999-2000 095 Spring 2016 045 Fall 1999 094 Winter 2015 044 Spring
    [Show full text]
  • Passage of Change
    PASSAGE OF CHANGE PASSAGE OF CHANGE LAW, SOCIETY AND GOVERNANCE IN THE PACIFIC edited by Anita Jowitt and Dr Tess Newton Cain Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at: http://epress.anu.edu.au/passage_change _citation.html National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication Entry Title: Passage of change : law, society and governance in the Pacific / edited by Anita Jowitt and Tess Newton Cain. ISBN: 9781921666889 (pbk.) 9781921666896 (eBook) Notes: Includes bibliographical references. Subjects: Jurisprudence--Pacific Area. Customary law--Pacific Area. Pacific Area--Politics and government. Pacific Area--Social conditions. Other Authors/Contributors: Jowitt, Anita. Cain, Tess Newton. Dewey Number: 340.5295 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design by Emily Brissenden Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2010 ANU E Press First edition © 2003 Pandanus Books CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii Table of Abbreviations viii Table of Cases x Table of International Conventions xiii Table of Legislation xiv Notes on Contributors xvii INTRODUCTION Anita Jowitt and Tess Newton-Cain 1 SECTION 1: THE CONTEXT OF CHANGE 1. Modernisation and Development in the South Pacific Vijay Naidu 7 SECTION 2: CORRUPTION 2. Corruption Robert Hughes 35 3. Governance, Legitimacy and the Rule of Law in the South Pacific Graham Hassall 51 4. The Vanuatu Ombudsman Edward R. Hill 71 SECTION 3: CUSTOMARY LAW 5.
    [Show full text]