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2018 IN REVIEW Trends at a Glance The global population of forcibly displaced increased by 2.3 million people in 2018. By the end of the year, almost 70.8 million individuals were forcibly displaced worldwide as a result of persecution, conflict, violence, or human rights violations. As a result, the world’s forcibly displaced population remained yet again at a record high. MILLION FORCIBLY as a result of persecution, DISplacED 70.8 WORLDwiDE conflict, violence, or human rights violations at end-2018 25.9 million refugees 20.4 million refugees under UNHCR’s mandate 5.5 million Palestine refugees under UNRWA’s mandate 41.3 million internally displaced people1 3.5 million asylum-seekers 37,000 13.6 MILLION NEW DISPLACEMENTS NEWLY DISPLACED EVERY Day 4 IN 5 An estimated 13.6 million people The number of new displacements Nearly 4 out of every 5 refugees were newly displaced due to conflict was equivalent to an average of lived in countries neighbouring their or persecution in 2018. 37,000 people being forced to flee countries of origin. This included 10.8 million individuals their homes every day in 2018. displaced2 within the borders of their own country and 2.8 million new 1 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre refugees and new asylum-seekers. of the Norwegian Refugee Council. 2 Ibid. 3 The number of new individual asylum applications for Turkey does not include Syrian 3.5 nationals who receive protection under the MILLION Temporary Protection Regulation and relates 16% to applications submitted to UNCHR until 10 September 2018, when the government ASYLUM-SEEKERS assumed full responsibility for registration and Countries in developed regions refugee status determination. 4 This number includes both refugees and hosted 16 per cent of refugees, migrants from the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela worldwide as of February 2019. while one third of the global By the end of 2018, about See: www.unhcr.org/5c6fb2d04 refugee population (6.7 million 3.5 million people were awaiting 5 These figures refer only to refugees under people) were in the Least a decision on their application UNHCR’s mandate. In addition, Lebanon hosted 475,100 and Jordan 2,242,600 Palestine Developed Countries. for asylum. refugees under the mandate of UNRWA. 2 UNHCR > GLOBAL TRENDS 2018 2.9 1.7 81,300 MILLION MILLION NEW CLAIMS REFUGEES FOR DISPLACED PEOPLE RESETTLEMENT RETurNED Asylum-seekers submitted 1.7 million new claims. With 254,300 such claims, the United States of America In 2018, UNHCR submitted 81,300 refugees to States for resettlement. During 2018, 2.9 million displaced was the world’s largest recipient of According to government statistics, people returned to their areas or new individual applications, followed 25 countries admitted 92,400 countries of origin, including by Peru (192,500) Germany (161,900), 3 refugees for resettlement during the 2.3 million IDPs and nearly France (114,500) and Turkey (83,800). year, with or without UNHCR’s 600,000 refugees. Returns have assistance. not kept pace with the rate of new displacements. 3.7 MILLION PEOPLE 138,600 67% UNACCOMPANIED For the fifth consecutive year, AND SEPARATED Turkey hosted the largest number of Altogether, more than two thirds refugees worldwide, with 3.7 million CHILDREN (67 per cent) of all refugees worldwide people. The main countries of came from just five countries: asylum for refugees were: Some 27,600 unaccompanied and Syrian Arab Republic separated children sought asylum on Turkey 3.7 million 6.7 million an individual basis and a total of 111,000 unaccompanied and separated Afghanistan child refugees were reported in 2018. Pakistan 1.4 million 2.7 million Both numbers are considered significant underestimates. South Sudan 2.3 million Uganda 1.2 million Myanmar 1.1 million 1.1 million Sudan 1/2 CHILDREN Somalia 1.1 million 0.9 million Germany Children below 18 years of age constituted about half of the refugee population in 2018, up from 41 per cent in 2009 but similar to the previous few years Venezuela Lebanon Venezuelan refugees and asylum- seekers grew in number. The Lebanon continued to host broader movement of Venezuelans the largest number of across the region and beyond refugees relative to its increasingly took on the national population, where characteristics of a refugee situation, 1 in 6 people was a refugee. with some 3.4 million outside the Jordan (1 in 14) and Turkey country by the end of 2018.4 (1 in 22) ranked second and third, respectively.5 UNHCR > GLOBAL TRENDS 2018 3 CHAPTER 1 Introduction “What we are seeing in these figures is further confirmation of a longer-term rising trend in the number of people needing safety from war, conflict and persecution.” Filippo Grandi United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees The world now has people fleeing the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. a population of 70.8 million The proportion of the world’s population who were displaced also continued to rise as the increase in the forcibly displaced people world’s forcibly displaced population outstripped global population growth. In 2017 this figure was 1 out Over the past decade, the global population of of every 110 people but in 2018 it stood at 1 out of forcibly displaced people grew substantially from every 108 people.7 A decade ago, by comparison, this 43.3 million in 2009 to 70.8 million in 2018, reaching stood at about 1 in 160 people [Figure 2]. Overall, the a record high [Figure 1].6 Most of this increase was refugee population under UNHCR’s mandate has between 2012 and 2015, driven mainly by the Syrian nearly doubled since 2012. conflict. But conflicts in other areas also contributed to this rise, including in the Middle East such as in Iraq and Yemen, parts of sub-Saharan Africa such as 6 These included 25.9 million refugees: 20.4 million under UNHCR’s the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and mandate and 5.5 million Palestinian refugees registered with the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in South Sudan, as well as the massive flow of the Near East (UNRWA). The global figure also included 41.3 million internally displaced persons (source: IDMC) and Rohingya refugees to Bangladesh at the end of 2017. 3.5 million individuals whose asylum applications had not yet been adjudicated by the end of the reporting period. 7 National population data are from United Nations Department of Of particular note in 2018 was the increase in the Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, “World population number of displaced people due to internal prospects: The 2017 revision”, New York, 2017. For the purpose of this analysis, the 2018 medium fertility variant population displacement in Ethiopia and new asylum claims from projections have been used. See: esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/ 4 UNHCR > GLOBAL TRENDS 2018 BraZil. A Venezuelan girl in silhouette is captured by photo as the sun sets on refugee shelters around her. The photo was taken at the National Geographic Photo Camp, an initiative which teaches youths from refugee and at-risk communities how to use photography to tell their stories. © UNHCR/GENANGEly PINEro Figure 1 | Global forced displacement | 2009-2018 70 60 50 Population (in millions) Population (in 40 30 20 10 0 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 ‘14 ‘15 ‘16 ‘17 ‘18 Internally displaced people UNRWA refugees UNHCR refugees Asylum-seekers UNHCR > GLOBAL TRENDS 2018 5 CHAPTER 1 Figure 2 | Proportion displaced out of the world population | 2009-2018 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Proportion displaced (per 1,000 population) (per Proportion displaced 2 1 0 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 ‘14 ‘15 ‘16 ‘17 ‘18 Large numbers of people were on the move in to home. Over half a million new refugee 2018. During the year, 13.6 million people were registrations and asylum applications originated newly displaced, including 2.8 million who sought from the Syrian Arab Republic (Syria) in 2018, the protection abroad (as new asylum-seekers or majority in Turkey [Figure 4], representing both newly registered refugees)8 and 10.8 million who newly arriving individuals and those already in the were forced to flee but remained in their own country for a period of time prior to the time of countries.9 These 13.6 million new displacements registration. Venezuelans accounted for the equated to an average rate of 37,000 people second largest flow of new international being newly displaced every day of 2018 [Figure 3]. displacements in 2018, with 341,800 new asylum Still, many others returned to their countries or applications (see page 24 for more details on the areas of origin to try to rebuild their lives, including Venezuela situation). South Sudanese accounted 2.3 million internally displaced people and nearly for the next largest refugee and asylum-seeker 600,000 refugees. flow, mainly to Sudan and Uganda, followed by such flows from DRC, also mainly to Uganda. At 1,560,800, Ethiopians made up the largest newly displaced population during the year, 98 per At the end of 2018, Syrians continued to be the cent of them within their country. This increase largest forcibly displaced population, with more than doubled the existing internally 13.0 million people living in displacement, displaced population in the country. including 6,654,000 refugees, 6,184,000 internally displaced people (IDPs) and 140,000 asylum- Syrians were the next largest newly displaced seekers. Colombians were the second largest population, with 889,400 people during 2018. Of group, with 8.0 million forcibly displaced, most of these, 632,700 were newly displaced (or newly them (98 per cent) inside their country at the end registered) outside the country,10 while the of 2018.11 A total of 5.4 million Congolese from DRC remainder were internally displaced.
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